Canine and Feline

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Vaccines do not produce immunity in
100% of population
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• Should decrease severity
Protection of 70% of population sufficient if communicability is low
In general practice, 1 vaccine break constitutes a failure

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Illness
Fever
Vaccine reaction from prior vaccine
Medical therapy
Age: In < 5 wks. MLV can cause disease
Pregnancy, whelping, queening
• modified-live virus vaccines can lead to birth defects or abortions
Problems
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• hypertrophic osteodystrophy and juvenile cellulitis - modifiedlive virus distemper vaccine in Weimaraners vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats : FeLV and Rabies

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MLV
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• Strong, long-lasting immune response that is achieved with fewer doses
Adjuvants are not as necessary
Quicker immune respones
Less chance of allergic reactions
After it is mixed only effective 1 hour
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KILLED (inactivated)
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• More stable in storage
Unlikely to contain contaminating pathogens
Unlikely to cause disease due to residual disease-causing characteristics
Produce little to no cellular and mucosal immunity
NO VACCINE IS 100% EFFECTIVE!

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Chemicals, microbial components, or mammalian proteins
Enhances the immune response to vaccine antigens
Aluminum gels/ salts

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• CORE VACCINES FOR CANINES
INCLUDE:
 Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)
 Canine Distemper virus (CDV)
 rCDV: Recombinat

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Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2):
DAPP/DHPP
 CAV-2 protects against both 1 & 2
 CAV-1 causes Infectious Canine Heaptitis
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 No CAV-1 vaccine because of anterior uveitis
Rabies virus (RV)
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• Killed vaccine
State/provincial/local laws

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Begin: 6-9 weeks of age
• Do not give vaccines earlier than 5-6 weeks
*remember maternal antibody interference
Frequency: q 2-4 weeks
• May vary according to risk, vaccine
End: at least one dose should be given at age 14-16 weeks of age or older
Revaccination: at 1 year of age or 1 year after the last puppy vaccination

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Rabies vaccine is initially given at 12 wks of age
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Does not need to be boostered in 2-4 weeks, but rather within 12 months.
Each subsequent rabies vaccine should be given q
3yrs .
Rabies vaccine is the only canine vaccine requiring a minimum duration of immunity study and labeled as 1 yr or 3 yr. by the USDA.

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The minimum duration of immunity for the core vaccines (except rabies) is at least 5-7 yrs. (after initial puppy set of vxns)
• based on challenge and/or antibody titers you can even have this done in your own pets to determine his/her immunity level against a particular disease.
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Today, a 3 yr revaccination program has been recommended in the AAHA Canine Vaccination
Guidelines for dogs and the American Association of
Feline Practitioners Guidelines for cats

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Following the vaccine label
Veterinarians resistant to change
Fear that not revaccinating will cause the animal to become susceptible soon after one year.
Compliance with boarding kennel rules

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Optional or non-core vaccines should
only be given to animals that need them and only as often as needed!
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• Potential problems: duration of immunity is not known, the efficacy is limited or not known
EX: Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Canine
Influenza, Lyme disease, Canine coronavirus, Giardia
(AAHA Guidelines do not recommend coronavirus or giardia vaccines unless they can be proven to be beneficial for a certain animal)

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New vaccines: snakebites (Crotalus sp.
Toxoid, western diamonback rattlesnake), periodontal disease (porphyromonas sp.), as well as a therapeutic vaccine for treatment of canine melanomas.
*VACCINES MUST BE TAILORED
TO THE INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL
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-Older/younger animal vs. adult
- bacterial vaccine vs. viral vaccine
Geographic area

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Begin: 8-10 weeks of age
Frequency: q 2-4 weeks
End: last dose at 14-16 weeks of age

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Feline parvovirus (panleukopenia)
Feline calicivirus
Feline herpes virus (viral rhinotracheitis)
Rabies virus
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• Given at 12-16 weeks of age
FVRCP

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FeLV (feline leukemia)
FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)
Chlamydia
Feline coronavirus (FIP): Reduce cs but not prevent disease
Feline Giardia
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Feline systemic calicivirus

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May I use smaller vaccine dose in small breeds to reduce the risk of adverse reactions?
– NO- the volume (1.0ml) as recommended by the manufacturer generally represents the minimum immunizing dose
• This means that a Great Dane should receive the same amount of vaccine as a Chihuahua

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May I vaccinate pregnant pets?
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• It is best to avoid this. Risk to the fetuses is a concern. Assess risk vs. benefit
Feline parvovirus cerebellar hypoplasia in utero kitten

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May I vaccinate a patient while under anesthesia?
• It is best not to do this. The patient may develop a hypersensitivity reaction that may be harder to recognize under anesthesia and may be more difficult to treat. Risk of vomiting and aspiration is higher.

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May I inject a modified live intranasal
Bordetella vaccine?
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• NO- the vaccine can cause a severe local reaction and may even result in death (liver failure)
Intranasal vaccines are effective against respiratory disease, form immunoglobulin A which produces quick local immunity

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May I administer a modified live SQ feline FVRCP oronasally? NO
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• Upper respiratory infection can result spilled on the cat's fur, and the cat licks up the spilled vaccine
 Clean off the fur with alcohol
 use dilute bleach for spills in the environment
 contact the manufacturer and begin supportive treatment, if warranted

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 http://veterinaryteam.dvm360.com/firstli ne/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=672508 http://www.sheltermedicine.com/?q=no de/58