Optimum Design in Rural Roads
Introduction
Optimum Design in Rural Roads ….1
Introduction to topic:
•What is intended to be discussed?
•Optimum and/or Appropriate?
Optimum Design in Rural Roads ….2
Format for discussion:
Two parts: - Introduction (current)
- Theory and Practice of Optimum Design
Format:
- Presentation
- Discussion: Q & A; Comments / Response
- Individual Remarks
Optimum Design in Rural Roads ….3
Context of the topic:
Professional area of work of the trainees;
Relevance of this topic;
Optimum Design in Rural Roads ….4
Examples:
-Appropriate design
-Inappropriate designs
-Others
Optimum Design in Rural Roads ….5
• Standard (DoLIDAR Approach Manual)
•Other appropriate parameters:
Steep gradient,> 7% -- gravel
Mild gradient < 5% -- provide earthen drain
Passing zone: 60 m long every 200- 500m
Stages of upgradation
Choice of structure type: masonry, cross drainage, pavement type ….
Individual Written Remarks on above
Any open comment on the basis of your practical experience
Optimum Design in Rural Roads
Theory & Practice of Optimum Design
Optimum Design in Rural Roads…. 1
What is “design”?
Response from participants
Definition:
A construct, mental picture, a dream of what the
object would be like. Has shape, size, material
content, indicates how to create it.
Optimum Design in Rural Roads…. 2
Examples of inappropriate design
RR standards in practice:
- narrower width, high gradient, over-size side
drains, cross drains (culvert/bridge), radius of
curvature, gradient in loop etc.
Laying hume pipes
Stone soling/Dry wall/Gabion wall
Optimum Design in Rural Roads…. 3
What is “optimum’ or “appropriate”?
Judging is difficult …. Factors….. Define.
Economy
Choice of Technology
Standards
Social Construction etc.
Optimum Design in Rural Roads…. 4
Rural Road Standards: an example
Discussion on Individual Responses
Optimum Design in Rural Roads…. 5
Individual Remarks:
On any ideas discussed under Optimum Design
Did you benefit, How?
How will you make use of the ideas discussed,
example?
Environment Assessment
of Rural Road Construction
and Maintenance
2. Environmental Protection Act,
1997 and its Regulation
“Initial Environmental
Examination”
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Means a report on detailed
study and evaluation to be
prepared to ascertain as to
whether, in implementing a
proposal, the proposal does
have
significant
adverse
impacts on the environment or
not, whether such impacts
could be avoided or mitigated
by any means or not.
5. To Submit Proposal for Approval
18. Punishment
Typical Design Drawings
Typical Road Sections, Plan & Profile of Roads
-
Typical Design Drawings
• Typical Road Sections, Plan & Profile of Roads
- Typical Road Sections
- Plan & Profile of Roads
• Pipe Culverts
- Pipe Culvert at Tarai
- Pipe Culvert at Hill
- Pipe Culvert for Irrigation Purpose
Typical Design Drawings
• Typical Road Sections, Plan & Profile of Roads
- Typical Road Sections
- Plan & Profile of Roads
• Pipe Culverts
- Pipe Culvert at Tarai
- Pipe Culvert at Hill
- Pipe Culvert for Irrigation Purpose
Continued….
• Causeways
- Dry Stone Causeway
- Concrete Causeway
- Vented Causeways
• Slab Culvert
• Side Drains
- Earthen/Dry RRM/RRM in CSM
• Sub-Surface Drain
Rural Transport Planning
• General Approach – Central/Local
• Rural Road Planning & Project
Preparation
• Socio-economic & Technical
Consideration
• Environmental &Social Consideration
• Prepare DTMP/update
Rural Roads Planning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prepare/Update DTMP
Prepare Road Sector Program
Prepare Sub-project Proposal
Review/Appraisal of the Proposal
Detailed Project Preparation
Alignment Selection for Rural Roads
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Low cost
Geometric Standards
Safety of the Road
Safety of the locality
Environmentally sound
Aesthetics and harmony
Selection of General Route &
Surveying
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reconnaissance Survey
Preliminary Survey
Determination of Centre Line
Final Location Survey
Alignment Selection for Rural Roads
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Low cost
Geometric Standards
Safety of the Road
Safety of the locality
Environmentally sound
Aesthetics and harmony
Water management in Rural
Roads ….. 4
Discussion on some specific issue:
Planning, alignment location and design: local water characteristics;
obstruction to natural drainage lines; facing of the slope; local
consideration for parameters and specification in design; vegetation;
Type of drainage structure: purpose and economy; transparencies on
scour check, vented causeway or drift
Size of drainage structure: run-off formula;
Maintenance: local water users