Introduction:
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Slopes either occur naturally or are engineered by humans.
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An understanding of geology, hydrology, and soil properties is central to
applying slope stability principles properly.
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Analyses must be based upon a model that accurately represents site
surface conditions, ground behavior, and applied loads.
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Type of Analysis
Aim of slope
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Assess the stability of slopes under short-term
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Assess the possibility of slope failure / satbility
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Understand failure mechanisms and the influence
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Enable the redesign of failed slopes and the planning and design
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The effect of seismic loadings on slopes
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Safe and economic design of excavations, embankments, earth dams,
landfills, and spoil heaps .
FACTORS AFFECTING SLOPE FAILURE
Introduction
Geological discontinuities
Effect of Water
Geotechnical Properties of Material
Mining Methods
State of stress
Geometry slope:
Temperature
Erosion
Seismic effect
Vegetation
TYPES OF ROCK SLOPE FAILURE
Introduction
Plane failure
Wedge Failure:
Toppling failure
Rockfalls
Rotational Failure
Rock Slope Stability Analysis: Limit Equilibrium Method
Planar Failure Analysis
Sliding analysis of a block
Plane failure analysis along a discontinuity
Water is filled in discontinuities
Tension crack present in the upper slope surface
Tension crack present in the slope surface
The tension crack is filled with water with upper slope angle
Effect of rock bolts
Wedge Failure Analysis
Analysis of wedge failure considering only frictional resistance
Analysis of wedge failure with cohesion and friction angle
Toppling Failure Analysis
Kinematics of block toppling failure
Limit equilibrium analysis for toppling failure
Stability analysis of flexural toppling
CIRCULAR FAILURE ANALYSIS
Introduction
Stability analysis of slope
Stability analysis for Cohesionless Soil
Total Stress Analysis (Swedish slip circle
method)
Ordinary slip circle method
Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices
General Method of slices
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS BY NUMERICAL
MODELLING
Introduction
Continuum modeling
Discontinuum Modeling
Hybrid approach
Important considerations
Continuum versus discontinuum models
Selecting appropriate zone size
Initial conditions
Boundary conditions
Water pressure
Excavation sequence
Important failure indicators in slope analysis
Factor of Safety
Unbalanced Force
Gridpoint Velocities
Plastic Indicators
Displacement
Failure Surface
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN PRESENCE OF WATER
Introduction
Common terms used in simulation of water
Important Geotechnical properties related to water
Permeability
Hydraulic Conductivity
Factor affecting soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity
Matrix suction
Consistency of soil
Pore Pressures
Infiltration
Rainfall Infiltration Model.
Simulation of water
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Introduction
Types of seismic wave
Dynamic Soil Properties
Field Measurements of Dynamic Modulus
Ground Motion Estimates
Factors Affecting Ground Motion:
Simulation of seismic effect
Pseudo-static approach
Wedge Method
Method of Slices
Inertia Slope Stability – Newmark Method
SLOPE STABILIZATION
Introduction
Removal And Repair
Excavation & repair
Catchment & Wire Netting
Grading & Serrating
Benching
Resloping and unloading
Lightweight Fill
Counterberms
Trimming
Shear Keys
Scaling
Drainage and Water Control
Surface Drainage
Subsurface Drainage
Stabilization Through Support
Steel reinforcement
Rock anchor
Rock Bolts
Rock Dowels
Soil Nailing
Piles
Geosynthetic Reinforcement
Retaining Walls
Gravity Walls
Cantilever Retaining Walls
Sheet Piling Retaining Walls
Anchored retaining wall
Gabions
Other Methods For Stabilization
Grouting and Shotcrete
Vegetation
SLOPE MONITORING: TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS
Introduction
Slope failure mechanism
Types of Slope Movement
Initial response
Regressive and progressive movement
Long-term creep
Sub-Surface Monitoring Methods
Borehole probes
Time–domain reflectometry
Inclinometers
Extensometers
Measurement of water level and pressure
Standpipe Piezometer
Pneumatic Piezometer
Vibrating Wire Piezometer
Surface Monitoring Methods
Crack Monitors
Surveying
Photographic Image Analysis
Total Station
Global positioning system (GPS)
Acoustic emission technique
Laser image scanning system
Slope Stability Radar system
Synthetic aperture radar
landslides
Introduction
Slope Failure
Slumps
Rock Falls and Debris Falls
Rock and Debris Slides
Sediment Flows
Solifluction
Debris Flows
Mudflows
Creeps
Earthflows
Debris Avalanches
Historical landslides (wiki )
Major factors affecting landslides
Mine Waste Dump
Introduction
Method of Construction in lift section
Methods of Stability Calculation
Shear Strength of dump material
Particle shape, roundness and grain surface texture
Effect of moisture condition on shear strength
Factors Affecting Dump Stability
Dump Configuration
Foundation Conditions
Dump Material Properties
Dumping method
Dumping Rate
Seismicity and Dynamic Stability
Topography
Dump drainage
Material properties and testing
Bulk Gradation
Plasticity of Fines
Index Properties and Classification
Hydraulic Conductivity
Consolidation
Strength
Mineralogy and Soil Chemistry
In Situ Density
Compaction
Tailing Dam
Failure Modes in tailing dams
Rotational Sliding
Foundation Failure
Overtopping
Erosion
Piping
Tailings Impoundment Design
Mill Location
Topography
Geology and Ground Water
Tailings impoundments
Tailings storage facilities
Methods for Tailings Disposal
Upstream Method
Downstream Method
Centerline Method
Sensitivity, probability and reliability analysis
Sensitivity Analysis
Probabilistic Design Methods
Reliability Analysis
Classification systems in slope stability analysis
General
Slope Mass Rating (SMR)
Chinese Slope Mass Rating System (CSMR)
Rock slope rating (RSR)
Slope stability rating (SSR) classification system
Dump mass rating
Introduction of softcomputing approach in slope stability
Artificial Neural Network
Fuzzy Inference System