Addressing Multipurpose Infrastructure
Challenges:
An Overview from Innovative Approaches
Stockholm, Feb. 23, 2010
Ousmane Dione
Lead Water Resources Spec.
The World Bank
MY THEMES
1. Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for
poor developing countries
2. Multipurpose infrastructure: Challenges and
Opportunities;
3. Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From
Constraints to Benefit Sharing
4. In conclusion…
The infrastructure divide…..
Storage per capita in arid countries
cubic meters per
capita
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
2,000
1,800
M
al
i
Et
ig
e
N
hi
op
ia
ri
a
Pa
ki
st
an
In
di
a
M
or
oc
co
S
pa
in
Ch
in
a
us
tr
al
ia
even wider for energy access
2108
(United States consumption - 11994 kWh/yr/capita)
1,600
1,400
430
Source: World Bank analysis of ICOLD data
ld Average
Morocco
114
Senegal
204
Ghana
rkina Faso 29
Uganda 38
Tanzania 55
126
Kenya
Nigeria
0
Ethiopia 21
85
200
184
600
400
900
581
800
Egypt
1,000
500 kWh/capita-year minimum consumption
for reasonable quality of life
Algeria
1,200
Cameroon
Elec consumption (kWh/yr)/Capita
A
U
S
A
0
While Europe, North America and Australasia have developed most of
the HEP, it is clear that substantial new development would be
expected in South America, Africa and Asia.
75%
69%
22%
33%
7%
49%
Source: World Atlas of Hydropower & Dams, 2002
Multipurpose infrastructure: The entry points:
thermal
‘new’ renewable
Power
Options analysis
nuclear
Single-purpose, primary
hydropower
Multi-purpose,byproduct
Water
resources
Multi-purpose
options
storage & regulation
(flood & drought)
irrigation
water supply
navigation, recreation..
From Single Output …to Multiple Interests
Regional
Transmission
System
Energy for growth
Hydromet
System
Fisheries &
aquatic ecosystems
Hydropower
Growth Pole
Investments
Watershed
Management
Irrigated Agriculture
Flood
mngmt.
Local
Community
Infrastructure
Climate Change, an additional new challenge:
Yet, very little guidance on “How to do it” in water
infrastructure…
Climate change literature
how to do it
what to do
awareness
An urgent need to adapt to water extreme and
secure energy needs…
MY THEMES
1. Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for
poor developing countries
2. Multipurpose infrastructure:
from Challenges to
b
Opportunities;
3. Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From
Constraints to Benefit Sharing
4. In conclusion…
Sequencing and prioritizing options
can be complex...
But credibility lay on actions on the
ground.
Turning the challenges to opportunities: Exploring the
options
Option 1: Are there low hanging fruits?
Engage earlier in rehabilitation of strategic
infrastructure that yield benefits and provide
opportunities for further regional developments
Mount Coffee Hydro Plant
Towers but no
conductors
Kainji Hydro plant
Turning the Challenges to Opportunities: Exploring the
Options
Option 2: Engage on new infrastructure, ready to be launched as catalyst
for quick payoffs and plan smoothly bigger ones.
Gouina Hydropower site
Félou hydropower site
West Kosi Hydropower site
Both processes could be accompanied by
Institutional reforms and strengthening.
Turning the Challenges to Opportunities: Exploring the
Options
Option 3: Support on-going feasibility studies and then invest on best
options (e.g. Indus River Basin)
DIAMER BASHA DAM
MUNDA DAM
AKHORI DAM
KURRAM TANGI
DAM
Pipeline of River regulation projects in the Indus Basin
(Pakistan)
Name of Project
Live
Storage
(MAF)
Basha Diamer Dam
6.40
Mangla Raising
2.90
Gomal Dam
Installed
Irrigable
Area (Acres) Capacity
(MW)
Status/
Completion Date
4,500
2019-20
-
180
April 2009
1.14
163,086
17.4
October 2010
Satpara Dam
0.08
19,920
15.8
September 2009
Munda Dam
0.67
740 MW
2015
Kurram Tangi Dam
0.90
83.4 MW
2012
600
Engineering
Design being
undertaken
Akhori Dam
6.00
Four main challenges associated with
multipurpose development
• Technical challenges could be broad but rarely stop
project implementation;
• Institutional challenges vary within a large spectrum
of cases (e.g. up to trans-boundary issues);
• Environmental and Social challenges associated with
safeguards and Benefits sharing are among the most
controversial and often stale multipurpose projects;
• Financial challenges arising from various sources
(e.g. cost overrun)
Overlap of these challenges, is the main obstacle for
multipurpose in developing countries.
MY THEMES
1. Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for
poor developing countries
2. Multipurpose infrastructure: Challenges and
Opportunities;
3. Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From
Constraints to Enabling Framework
4. In conclusion…
Well articulated, Multipurpose development can bring Benefits
to Nation (s) and the Communities
ROR-1
Lifecycle Community Power Royalties
1. Watershed Management
(soil & water mgt, agric.
productivity)
Fore
st
2. Community Basic Services
(e.g. water supply, electricity)
Storage
ROR-1
3. Irrigation
ROR-1
4. Fisheries
ROR-1
5. Flood Control
6. Other Benefits:
•Economic Multipliers
•Reducing hydrologic risks
•Regional cooperation
Exploring multipurpose development: Basin
perspective
Opportunities:
• Choice of the most
suitable sites;
•Optimize water resources
in a cascade approach;
• Define benefit sharing in a
broader and multi-sectors
context;
• Ensure synergies of
actions on the ground;
• Bring riparian together
and minimize transboundary tensions;
•Design reservoirs in a more
sound manner (length vs
width)….
Niger Basin at glance
•Basin Organization:
Niger Basin Authority.
•Creation: 1963
•Recent Legal agreement:
NBA convention 1980
•Riparian countries:
Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Chad,
Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea,
Mali, Niger & Nigeria
Active area: 1.5M km2
Population: 100 million
Water flows:
River length: 4200 km
Maxi: 200 km3 / year
Mini: 0 at Niamey (1985)
Niger River Basin
Senegal River Basin
Senegal Basin at glance
•Basin Organization:
OMVS.
•Creation: March 11, 1972
•Recent Legal agreement:
Inclusive Framework (2005)
•Riparian countries:
Guinea, Mali, Mauritania
& Senegal.
•Active area: 380,000 km2
•Population: ±13 million.
•Water Resources:
-River length: 1800 km
-Maxi: 30 km3 /year
-Mini: 0.1Million
Addressing the Institutional Framework is
Critical
• Niger Basin: overall reform of the Niger Basin
Authority (NBA);
• Framework between the regional, the national and
the local levels (through consultations and
planning) defined;
• Senegal River Basin: Inclusion of Guinea within
OMVS framework;
• Senegal River Basin: OMVS institutional chart
revised to include the three levels (regional,
national and local);
Getting the institution right: OMVS organogram
Summit of Heads of State
Council of Ministers
Regional
level
OMVS High Commission
Consultative Organs
(Planning, Consultation & Regulation)
National
Cells
OMVS
Guinea
Local
Coordination
Committees
07 LCCs
OMVS
Mali
14 LCCs
OMVS
Mauritania
08 LCCs
OMVS
Senegal
09 LCCs
Ensure timely consultations and communications
with stakeholders on specifics
• Niger River Basin: Fada Ngurma Forum is the civil
society consultative framework for the basin
development issues;
• Senegal River Basin: NGO’s union (CODESEN and
CONGAD) are the key interlocutors;
• Senegal River Basin: Local Coordination
Committees representatives participate in OMVS
Permanent Water Commission (PWC);
• Ensuring that linkages between the regional, the
national and local are also translated into actions
on the ground.
Consultations of stakeholders and trainings on
development issues
Ensure that Environmental and Social issues are
properly addressed:
From safeguards compliance to grassroots benefits and
ownership:
• Identify at an early stage the benefits at stakes and
include them in the design;
• Integrate benefit packages as appropriate (e.g.
irrigation and rural electrification);
• Build ownership and foster inclusion as they are
critical for success.
• Provide benefits to stakeholders and communicate on
results with links to the multipurpose infrastructure;
Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Rural Electrification based
on existing transmission lines
Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Irrigation development in
the Senegal Valley
Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Agroforestry and
Watershed Management in the Fouta Djalon
Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Development of Fishery in the
Senegal Valley
Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Reduction of Water Borne
Diseases (Malaria & Bilharzia)
Scaling up cooperative benefits from multipurpose:
The results
Cooperative Benefits generated in
Cooperative Benefits generated in Niger
Senegal Basin MWRD –OMVS
Basin WRDSEM (US$ 500 million):
program (US$ 310 million):
• Institutional reform & strengthening
• 3 million LLINs to mitigate malaria
of NBA & its national cells.
effects from the dams;Praziquantel to • Rehabilitation of Kainji & Jebba HEP
children against Bilharzia;
2000MW – connection to Niger
• Navigation over 900 km;
&Benin ;
• Rural electrification along the 1500 • Feasibility studies of 4 dams (ML, GN,
km power transmission;
NGR, CMR);
• Watershed management in Guinea
• Construction of intakes and
and erosion control in Niger;
rehabilitation of pumping stations
(55, 000 ha irrigation)
• Irrigation (34,000ha in Mali, Niger
and Benin);
• Watershed management in Guinea;
• Local level empowerment with NGOs; • Development of fisheries in Mali.
• Stakeholders empowerment through
• Feasibility studies of 4 dams.
Fada Ngurma Forum.
From local to Regional
From Regional to local
Overcoming the financing
gap and instrument
GUINEA
FA
MAURITANIA
MALI
SENEGAL
Joint Project Agreement
Subsidiary Credit Agreements
OMVS
Performance
Contracts
SAED
SONADER
PDIAM
GENIE-RURAL
Financing Arrangements for the Senegal River Basin Multipurpose Program
…..Technical focus on the most innovative and optimized
approach: multipurpose cascade in SRB
33
…..Technical focus on the most innovative and optimized
approach: multipurpose cascade in NRB
34
Maintain leadership focus: Successful Multipurpose is
Good Water Resources Management which is also Good
Politics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In conclusion
With climate change impacts, multipurpose infrastructure
through basin approach can respond to water storage, reduce
variability ands optimize various needs (Energy?) through a
cascade design;
Multipurpose infrastructure can provides multiples benefits to
nation (s) and stakeholders (win/win);
Basin organizations provide the tools (institutional and legal);
Shift ways of doing business based on the infrastructure legacy
and basin context;
Project not always gratefully received – understand what is at
stake and communicate;
Action speaks louder than words – What is good for population is
good for politicians ….. good for financing partners;
That, at least, is the theory! ….But move it to practice.
THANK YOU