GRT - Background
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The last 50 years have seen remarkable increases in the demand for moving
people and goods.
The surface transportation system has been under pressure to sustain the
substantial increase in heavy truck and personal traffic volume levels.
Considerable annual expenditures worldwide are allocated for developing the
transportation infrastructure, including urban roads and highways.
GRT provides products to build new, upgrade unpaved, and maintain existing
roads.
Major Milestones
2008 Forestry Plantations Queensland
Roads
2009 BC Iron– Western Australia (WA)
Roads
2009 BHP Billiton– Mt Whaleback WA
Hardstand
2009 Papua New Guinea (PNG)
Roads
2009 Fortescue Mines (WA)
Roads
2010 Rio Tinto – Tom Price Mine WA
Roads
2010 PNG Highlands – Remote Villages
Roads
2010 Canada – Environment Canada Approval
Approvals
2011 PNG – National Road Program
Potholes
2011 PNG – National Road Program
Roads
2011 Entered Markets of Indonesia, India, East Timor
2011 Expanded Laboratory Testings Facilities
2011 Expanded Design & Project Management Capability
An innovative formula for instant infrastructure
GRT – Dust Suppression
GRT 8000
Untreated Road Surface
Treated Road Surface
GRT 8000
Untreated Road Surface
Treated Road Surface
Dust Suppression Installation
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GRT8000 has an initial three stage application process over three days that creates a surface layer which is
semi-impervious to water and also provides the dust attenuation outcome.
Longevity of the application is in directly proportion to traffic, loading, and insitu material conditions.
Further applications of GRT8000 are typically budgeted to be applied periodically as required to meet
wearing rates according to operational and environmental conditions.
The below project has demanding conditions of more than 200 semi trailer water trucks per day on a road
formation of White Gravel & Black Cotton Soil (clay) blend road through flat terrain of poor drainage with
propensity of flooding.
Initial Treatment of three applications at 2x150mL /m2 and 1x200mL /m2 totaling 500mL /m2.
The estimated maintenance requirement per annum being five (5) additional coats at 100mL /m2 each
application after the initial treatment. Note: Each situation is different and roads may require less or more
maintenance as required.
Therefore a total budget of 0.5L of GRT8000 per m2 to maintain the section per year; giving rise to a total
budget of 1.0L of GRT8000 /m2 for the first year.
Note: The road surface prior to application of GRT8000 is best to be in a condition of reasonable cut, trim, and
compacted surface with water before application.
GRT Road Construction
Description:
Governor Powers Parkop GRT Wildlife Road section trial
section, Port Moresby PNG
Construction Phases
1. Trim existing road to profile.
2. Add imported material as required for formation.
3. Run stabiliser through area
4. Spray GRT9000 per dosage over width of treatment
area to OMC.
5. Run stabiliser through area twice
6. Trim surface with grader adding surface moisture
as required.
7. Compact with static drum roller.
8. Final trim and multi tyre roller
9. 2-coat chip seal GRT8000
10. Final compact multi tyred roller.
GRT – Cost Summary (QLD, AU)
Conventional Construction
Sub-Base: Import, Supply, Place, Compact
$18/m2
Base: Import, Supply, Place, Compact
…………………………………………..$14/m2
1 Coat Asphalt Seal…………….$xx/m2
Total Rate…………………………..$32/m2
Project……………………………….$1.12m
GRT Construction
Sub-base: Insitu material blend and compact
$ NIL
Base: Insitu /or import supply, Blend & Compact
………………………………………………..$22/m2
1 Coat GRT Seal………………………. $xx/m2
Total Rate…………………………………$22/m2
Project……………………………………..$770k
GRT Products - Stabilisation
GRT7000 (clear)
GRT9000 (black)
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White liquid
Polymer based on Alkyl Acrylatestyrene copolymer
Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3
Recommended for use in applications
where:
– Visual environmental impact is a
high significance
– visual appearance to be natural
soils finish
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Black liquid
Polymer-Bitumen based on
Copolymer base ingredients
Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3
Recommended for use in applications
where:
– General Road building and
integration is significant
– Visual appearance to be natural
or black finish
Products – Dust Suppression/Seal
GRT7000 (clear)
GRT8000 (black)
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White liquid
Polymer based on Styrene Carboxylated hybrid polymer
Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3
Recommended for use in applications
where:
– Visual environmental impact is a
high significance
– visual appearance to be natural
soils finish
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Black liquid
Polymer-Bitumen based on Styrene Carboxylated hybrid polymer
Specific Gravity: 1.02g/cm3
Recommended for use in applications
where:
– General Road building and
integration is significant
– Visual appearance to be standard
black road finish
GRT Products – Toxicology Study
GRT completed Toxicology Testing for GRT7000 and GRT9000:
– An acute toxicity test with stock solution of GRT7000 and GRT9000 at ratios of
(1:1000),(5:1000) and (10:1000) was done with P.reticulata
– In order to determine the in situ field impacts of GRT7000 and GRT9000 acute toxicity
screening tests, with P.reticulata were done on soil leachate of 1 soil sample compacted, cured
and treated with GRT9000 as well as a control which was not treated.
The results can be summarised for the acute toxicity test on stock solution as follows:
– Acute toxicity tests indicated that without adjusting PH the stock solution of GRT7000 and
GRT9000 at 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% was not harmful to the P.reticulata in 2ltrs of water after 72hr
period.
From the above mentioned results the following conclusions can be made:
– Results of the soil leachate tests. Using P.reticulata ,indicated that GRT7000 and GRT9000 is not
toxic for a typical material stabilised with these product when broken down and placed in 2ltrs
of water .
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100% SURVIVAL RATE OF P.RETICULATA IN GRT TREATEMENTS
FULL REPORT AVAILABLE IN TECHNICAL MANUAL UPON REQUEST
BACTERIAL REPORT (E-COLI; TFC;SPC;SALMONELLA) IN TECH-MANUAL
Design Approaches
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GRT conforms to designs to standards including: AustRoads, AASHTO, and others.
Typically, structural design approaches to flexible pavement are empirical in nature.
However limitations of the empirical approach are becoming increasingly obvious with developments in the
transportation system and increased knowledge in the fields of pavement mechanics and material science.
Premature failures of asphalt overlays within few years of construction are not uncommon, and the need for a
more comprehensive mechanistic pavement design model has been recognized. Despite efforts by researchers in
the last decades to enhance the mechanistic part of the design, no fully satisfactory, comprehensive alternative to
the empirical approach has been found.
Research conducted by the Directorate for Transportation of the European Commission, in the late 1990s, to
evaluate existing advanced analytical pavement design models, showed that the output varied considerably from
model to model
Now there is a major effort to develop a new AASHTO Design Guide, with a potential to address the specific effects
of the environment and traffic on the materials that relates its structural response to a realistic pavement
performance.
GRT is working with leading Pavement Design Engineers to provide a GRT Mechanistic Design Tool to optimise GRT
treated Roads.
GRT Testing – CBR Performance
RESULTS PROVIDED BY CLIENTS’ REGISTERED LABS TO NATIONAL STANDARDS
160
GRT retains up
to 80% of Dry
strength in a
Soaked Test
140
120
100
80
60
Untreated - Soaked
40
Treated - Soaked
20
0
Project 1
Project
Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to
Okapa Road
Project 2
Soil
Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to
Okapa Road
Unprocessed Grey Mudstone
from Kefanga
Mix Kamaliki sub-base (Base B) +
capping from Kefanga - grey
mudstone
Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to
Okapa Road
40mm crushed Kamaliki sub base
Australia – Dalby, Shultz’s Road
Pilot
Black Soil & White Gravel insitu
blend
Project 3
Project 4
Untreated
Soaked (4days)
Treated
Soaked (4days)
53
94 (GRT7000)
45
65
27
140 (GRT7000)
149 (GRT7000)
95* (GRT9000)
*FIELD DCP TESTS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 2HRS SOAKAGE AFTER FLOODS IN AREA
GRT Testing – Mpa Soak 4 Days
QLD TRANSPORT & MAIN ROADS
TEST REPORT: A6154
GRT9000 WITH CBR 35 MATERIAL
6,000
Dry MPa
Wet MPa
5,000
L/m3
L / m2
Dry MPa
Wet MPa
Series 1
0L
0.00L
813
0
0%
Series 1a
20 L
1.50L
3,186
1,625
51%
Series 2
21 L
1.61L
3,216
1,640
51%
Series 2a
32 L
2.41L
3,550
2,250
63%
Series 2b
37 L
2.75L
3,950
2,800
71%
Series 3
43 L
3.21L
4,255
3,251
76%
Series 3a
47 L
3.50L
4,500
3,700
82%
Series 3b
54 L
4.02L
4,725
4,100
87%
Series 4
64 L
4.82L
4,968
4,527
91%
6,000
% Retain
4,000
3,000
2,000
Series 1
Wet MPa
Series 3
Series 4
Dry MPa
Series 3b
Series 2b
0
0
Series 3a
1,000
Series 3
Series 2a
Series 2b
2,000
Series 2a
Series 2
Series 2
3,000
1,000
Series 1a
Series 1a
4,000
Series 1
5,000
GRT – Typical Pavement Dosage
DOSAGE OF LITRES PER SQUARE METRE FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN TO MEET
REQUIRED RETENTION OF DRY STRENGTH MPa FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN
Application of GRT Stabiliser GRT9000 in L / m2
TREATED PAVEMENT DEPTH (m)
1.50L
1.75L
2.00L
2.50L
2.75L
3.00L
3.50L
4.00L
5.00L
6.00L
7.00L
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
BELOW
DESIGN
MINIMUM
ROAD
SHOULDER
STABILISER
DRY/ARID
CLIMATE
DESIGN
GENERAL
PURPOSE SUBTROPIC
HEAVY
VEHICLE
TROPICAL
ULTRA HEAVY
AND
FLOODING
<50%
50%
50-69%
70%
75%
75<
LEGEND: WET STRENGTH PERCENTAGE RETENTION OF DRY STRENGTH
TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH
0.050m
0.075m
0.100m
0.125m
0.150m
0.175m
0.200m
ARID/LIGHT
TRAFFIC
NEW
STANDARD
HEAVY
VEHICLES
1.5 L/m2
2 L/m2
2.75 L/m2
3.5 L/m2
4.25 L/m2
4.75 L/m2
5.5 L/m2
1.75 L/m2
2.75 L/m2
3.5 L/m2
4.5 L/m2
5.25 L/m2
6.25 L/m2
7 L/m2
2 L/m2
3 L/m2
4 L/m2
5 L/m2
6 L/m2
7 L/m2
8 L/m2
WET/HAUL
2.5 L/m2
4 L/m2
5 L/m2
6.5 L/m2
7.5 L/m2
9 L/m2
10 L/m2
Case Study – Regional Highway
Indicative Cross Sections
Estimate Required Thickness for ESAL 2.5
for Life 20yrs @ R80%
• Conventional 533mm
– Sub-base, Base A&B >406mm
– Surface course >130mm
• GRT 185mm
– Treat Sub-base >120mm
– Surface course >65mm
– Significant cost savings in Time &
Machinery plus single pass with
CBR 25 material treated and rolled
Each Road is different and all projects
require individual design by Civil Engineers
Case Study Palm Plantation Stage 1
• 4 of 60km Haul Roads required rating of 16t/axle
• 10 of 350km Access Roads required rating 3t/axle
• Another Soil Stabilisation product had been used on the Main Roads &
Access Roads
• The product used was a sulphate product
• The intense wet season destabilised the roads
• GRT was requested to conduct tests on the soil and seek a solution using
GRT product
Condition of Road at Inspection
After the first wet season roads
had significant Deformation
Operators Deemed Road to be
Non-Trafficable due to failure
GRT Laboratory Testing - Soak
Sample Untreated
Sample Treated with GRT9000
Soak Test at 0 Hours
Untreated already breaking up
Treated sample unaffected
Soak Test at 3 Hours
Untreated completely collapsed
Treated sample unaffected
Soak Test at 16 Hours
Untreated completely collapsed
Treated sample unaffected
Case Study - Roads
Access Roads at Inspection
Access Roads after Installation
GRT - Pilot Project Recommendations
Specific
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State a defined outcome/result
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Be precise
Measurable
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Quantifiable
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Define reasonable criteria for success
Achievable
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Within the capabilities of the products but challenging
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Comparable with objectives for other systems
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Within available resources (time and/or money)
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Appropriate resource should be in place
Relevant
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Directly linked to the objectives and priorities
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Appropriate to current and future developments
Time-framed
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Set a date for completion
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Identified as medium or long-term
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Part of a series of phased dates for long-term.
Strategic Actions
Typical outputs that might be expected from this stage
include:
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Communication plan – Publicity, Reports etc.
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Lessons learnt
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Input to standards
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Maintenance plan
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Handover documentation
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Business plan review
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Risk review.
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Further Projects scheduled
GRT Pilot Project – Road Stabilisation
The Pilot Project at Shultz’s Road, Ducklow, QLD. required 200+ Semi-Trailer water trucks, plus many Bdouble
trucks daily, and drill rigs to be trafficable in all weather to mitigate down time of drilling operations. (Drill
rigs were ultimately trafficked along this road in flood conditions).
Road Was Unsealed White Rock 70mm over Cotton Black Soil
Treatment to blended 50:50 White Rock & Black Soil with 2.5L GRT9000 per square metre with seal coat of
GRT8000.
Construction Phases
Standard Procedure modified to utilise grader mixing in lieu of stabilising machine
1. Rip to depth and widen existing road to profile with grader as required.
2. Add imported material as required for formation to repair and/or upgrade.
3. Run stabiliser through area to be treated in section
4. Spray GRT9000 per dosage over width of treatment area to OMC.
5. Run stabiliser through area twice
6. Trim surface with grader adding surface moisture as required.
7. Compact with static drum roller.
8. Final trim
9. Spray seal coat GRT8000
10. Final compact multi tyred roller.
Pilot Project - Completed
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Road Condition before
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Road Condition after
• Road Condition during
heavy rain, normally
closed in similar
conditions
Pilot Project – Project Procedure
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Initial Application of GRT9000
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Grader turning/mixing GRT9000 into
insitu material
GRT recommends use of stabilisation machine for mixing GRT products into
materials. Use of a grader should be last resort for mixing product and should
always be undertaken under the supervision of GRT Technical Personnel.
Pilot Project – Project Procedure
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Further application of GRT9000 to
grader turned Insitu material
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Further application of GRT9000 to
grader turned Insitu material
Pilot Project – Project Procedure
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Spreading windrow of GRT9000
blended material with Grader
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Rolling trimmed road with drum
roller
GRT recommends use of stabilisation machine for mixing GRT products into
materials. Use of a grader should be last resort for mixing product and should
always be undertaken under the supervision of GRT Technical Personnel.
Pilot Project – Project Procedure
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Close up of finished road
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Freshly finished
Pilot Project - Completed
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Road Condition when
cured
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Road Condition after
Traffic
• Road Condition during
heavy rain normally
closed in similar
conditions
Case Study - Roads
Control Test: Test site 7 was untreated and used as Control
White Rock untreated retained CBR 30%
Cotton Black Soil untreated retained average of 13%
All testing onsite was with only 2hrs of soakage
Case Study - Roads
Case Study - Roads
Broken Roads Leads to
Broken Communities
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