Bio 369: Plant Physiology
William Terzaghi
Spring 2013
COURSE OVERVIEW
1) Understanding how plants work.
Understanding how plants work.
• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
Understanding how plants work.
• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
• 5% (max) can be stored in organics
Understanding how plants work.
• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
• 5% (65W/m2) can be stored
• Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)
•
•
•
•
Understanding how plants work.
Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
5% (65W/m2) can be stored
Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)
Plants must have high surface area & low metabolism
Understanding how plants work.
• Photosynthesis
Understanding how plants work.
• Photosynthesis
• Nutrition
Understanding how plants work.
• Photosynthesis
• Nutrition
• Metabolism
•
•
•
•
Understanding how plants work.
Photosynthesis
Nutrition
Metabolism
Growth & development
COURSE OVERVIEW
1) Understanding how plants work.
2) Understanding how plant physiologists work.
• Method
COURSE OVERVIEW
1) Understanding how plants work.
2) Understanding how plant physiologists work.
• Method
• Technology
Plan A
Standard lecture course
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
3.20% of grade will be “elective”
• Paper
• Talk
• Research proposal
• Poster
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
3.20% of grade will be “elective”
• Paper
• Talk
• Research proposal
• Poster
• Exam
Date
JAN 14
16
18
21
23
25
28
30
FEB 1
4
6
8
11
13
15
18
Plan B schedule- Spring 2013
TOPIC
General Introduction
plant structure I
plant structure II
plants and water I
plants and water II
mineral nutrition I
mineral nutrition II
solute transport I
solute transport II
Photosynthetic light reactions I
Photosynthetic light reactions II
Calvin cycle
C4 and CAM
Environmental effects
Phloem transport I
Exam 1
20
22
25
27
MAR 1
4
6
8
11
13
15
18
20
22
25
27
29
APR 1
Phloem transport II
Respiration I
Respiration II
Respiration III
Lipid synthesis
Spring Recess
Spring Recess
Spring Recess
Biofuels
Nutrient assimilation I
Nutrient assimilation II
Cell wall synthesis and growth I
Cell wall synthesis and growth II
Growth and development I
Growth and development II
Light regulation of growth I
Easter
Easter
APR 3
5
8
10
12
15
17
19
22
24
26
29
May 1
???
Light regulation of growth II
Growth regulators I
Growth regulators II
Growth regulators III
Growth regulators IV
Exam 2
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Last Class!
Final examination
Possible elective topics
1) Plant defense compounds
2) Control of flowering
3) Blue-light responses
4) Plant stress responses
5) Plant pathogens
6) Plant movements (heliotropism, venus fly traps, etc)
7) Plant neurobiology
8) Plants and global warming
9) Organelle genetics
10) Plant biotechnology
11) Phytoremediation
12) Lamarckian evolution
13) Self-incompatibility
Lab Schedule
Date
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
TOPIC
18
General introduction, plant structure
25
Water potential and transpiration
1
Mineral nutrition
8
Light reactions of photosynthesis
15
CO2 assimilation, C3 vs C4 and CAM
22
Environmental effects on CO2 assimilation
1
Respiration
8
Spring Recess
15
Induction of nitrate reductase
22
Growth and development I
29
Easter
5
Independent project
12
Independent project
19
Independent project
26
Independent project
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it
takes us.
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
What would make a good biofuel?
How and where to grow it?
Can we get plants/algae to make diesel, H2 (g) or
electricity?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
Can we use plants to clean up contaminated soil or
water?
What’s involved?
What would be a good plant?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
How will plants be affected?
Can we use plants to help alleviate it?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed
• Where do they make it?
• What factors influence it?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed
5. Other plant products?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed
5. Other plant products?
6. Organic farming, alternatives to herbicides & pesticides
Caffeine bioremediation
Something else?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)
3. Climate change
4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed
5. Other plant products?
6. Something else?
1.Pick a problem
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
3.Design some experiments
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
3.Design some experiments
4.See where they lead us
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
3.Design some experiments
4.See where they lead us
Grading?
Combination of papers and presentations
Plan C
Grading?
Combination of papers and presentations
•First presentation:10 points
•Research presentation: 10 points
•Final presentation: 15 points
•Assignments: 5 points each
•Poster: 10 points
•Intermediate report 10 points
•Final report: 30 points
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi
Office: SLC 363
Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointment
Phone: (570) 408-4762
Email: terzaghi@wilkes.edu
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi
Office: SLC 363
Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointment
Phone: (570) 408-4762
Email: terzaghi@wilkes.edu
Course webpage:
http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi
Office: SLC 363
Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointment
Phone: (570) 408-4762
Email: terzaghi@wilkes.edu
Course webpage:
http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html
Text: Taiz & Zeiger (2011). Plant Physiology, 5th Ed.
Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA. ISBN 978-0-87893-856-
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
3. Root
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
A. Cuticle = lipid barrier
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
A. Cuticle = lipid barrier
B. Epidermis = barrier cells
Leaf Structure
A. Cuticle = lipid barrier
B. Epidermis = barrier cells
C. Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
Leaf Structure
Cuticle = lipid barrier
Epidermis = barrier cells
Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Leaf Structure
Cuticle = lipid barrier
Epidermis = barrier cells
Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells
Bundle Sheath = control import/export
Leaf Structure
E. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
F. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
Leaf Structure
E. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
F. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
• Phloem = sugars
Leaf Structure
E. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
F. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
• Phloem = sugars
• Live!
Plant Structure
Kranz anatomy = less mesophyll, more bundle sheath
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
• Apical meristems create new shoot cells
Plant Structure
Stem
• Apical meristems create new shoot cells
• Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem