CHAPTER 3
CELLS
• CELL BIOLOGY
• SIZE
– 7.5-500 MICROMETERS
• SHAPE
– DEPENDS ON?
• EUKARYOTIC/PROKARYOTIC ?
COMPOSITE CELL
http://picsicio.us/keyword/diagrams%20of%20cells/
CELL MEMBRANE
model974.net
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
• www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0lqf4Fqpg
RECEPTOR PROTEINS
http://www.galaxy.com/rvw65745-401496/Clapham_Laboratory.htm
INTEGRAL PROTEIN
users.rcn.com
ENZYMES
http://biolibogy.com/images/structure_of_plasma_membrane.JPG
CELL ADHESION MOLECULES
bioweb.wku.edu
CELL SURFACE PROTEINS
http://biolibogy.com/images/structure_of_plasma_membrane.JPG
RIBOSOME
http://www.rbcarlton.com/19-Ribosomes.jpg
ER
http://liquidbio.pbworks.com/Matthew-Damstrom-Organelles-Project
VESSICLES
http://betarhythm.blogspot.com/2006/09/synaptic-vesicles-message-in-bottle.html
GOLGI APPARATUS
http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/golgi_apparatus.jpg
Mitochondria
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/mito.gif
Lysosomes
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/images/lysosomesfigure1.jpg
Peroxisomes
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/peroxisomes/images/peroxisomesfigure1.jpg
Centrosome/Centriole
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/centrioles/images/centriolesfigure1.jpg
Microfilaments/Microtubules
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image115.gif
Cell Nucleus
http://www.becomehealthynow.com/images/organs/cells/nucleus.jpg
Chromatin
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/images/chromatinstructurefigure1.jpg
Cell Transport
IMPORTANCE?
TYPES
DIFFERENCE?
Diffusion
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Scheme_simple_diffusion_in_cell_membrane-de.png
Diffusion
http://www.pdh-odp.co.uk/images/Diffusion%20of%20Gases.jpg
http://www.williamsclass.com/SeventhScienceWork/ImagesCellBricks/facilitatedDiffusion.jpg
Osmosis
https://tedu556.wikispaces.com/file/view/osmosis.gif/32102067/osmosis.gif
Osmosis
http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Images/tonicity1.jpeg
Filtration
Passive: can be
due to force
of gravity alone
http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514264290/html/graphic55.png
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/12_04_passive_active_transport.jpg
Endocytosis
•Coming into the cell
•Pinocytosis
•Phagocytosis
Endocytosis
http://www.solvobiotech.com/Literature/Scienceletter/3/active_transport.jpg
Pinocytosis
http://www.yellowtang.org/images/receptor_mediate1_c_la_784.jpg
Phagocytosis
http://www.ingid.org/teaching-programmes/Introbasicimmune/phagoc1.jpg
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
http://219.221.200.61/ywwy/zbsw(E)/pic/ech5-19.jpg
Exocytosis
http://s3.images.com/huge.96.481383.JPG
Transcytosis
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://media.wiley.com/wires/WNAN/WNAN73/nfig003.gif&imgrefurl=http://wires.wiley.com/remdoi.cgi%3Fdoi%3D10.1002/wnan.73&usg
Cell Cycle
•
•
•
•
Interphase
Mitosis- PMAT
Cytoplasmic division
Differentiation
Interphase
http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences
/fetology/genetics/
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image173.gif
Metaphase
http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/443/453744/metaphase.html
Anaphase
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/mitosis/earlyanaphase.html
Telophase
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/mitosis/allium_root_prep._slides/telophase_cytokinesis.html
Cytoplasmic Division
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=cytoplasmic+division&FORM=BIFD&adlt=strict
#
CELL DIVISION CONTROL
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
VARIES BY ?
~50 X
TELOMERES
STRESS CAN SHORTEN LIFESPAN
KINASES AND CYCLINS
CELL SIZE ?
EXTERNAL CONTROLS: HORMONES, GROWTH
FACTORS
• SPACE
– CONTACT INHIBITION
• INFREQUENT MITOSIS =
• TOO FRQUENT
– TUMOR
•
•
•
•
BENIGN
MALIGNANT: METASTISIZE
ONCOGENES
TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENES
STEM CELLS
DIFFERENTIATION
STEM CELL-> STEM CELL OR PROGENITOR CELL
PROGENITOR CELL:
TOTIPOTENT STEM CELL
PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL
MOST ORGANS HAVE PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
OR PROGENITOR CELLS
HOW DO CELLS IN BODY DIFFER?
CELL DEATH
•
•
•
•
APOPTOSIS
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
EMBRYO
DEATH RECEPTOR RELEASES ENZYMES: CASPASES
–
–
–
–
–
–
DESTROY DNA REPLICATION ANDS REPAIR ENZYMES
ACTIVATE ENZYMES THAT SNIP UP DNA
DISSOLVE CYTOSKELETON
DESTROY MITOCHONDRIA ?
SEPARATE CELLS
MEMBRANE TRIGGERS TO ATTRACT PHAGOCYTES
APOPTOSIS
CELL HAS CIRCULAR SHAPE; BULGES: BLEBS; NUCLEUS SHATTERS; CELL SHATTERS;
CELL FRAGMENTS ENCAPSULATE SO NO INFLAMMATION; GONE
Necrosis
http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514266676/html/graphic11.jpe