The English Civil War
Cavaliers and Roundheads
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Background Information
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Queen Elizabeth I (ruled 1558-1603) was
popular with the people and this time was
known as “The Golden Age” of England.
After her death conflict arose between the
crown and Parliament.
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.James I (ruled 1603-1625)
 .James
was the first Stuart King. He was the
son of Mary, Queen of Scots.
 .James believed in the Divine Right of Kings.
 .James spent a lot of money and was constantly
asking Parliament for more money.
 .James ended the war with Spain and paid war
repayments.
 .James tried to marry his son to a Catholic
Spanish princess.
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James I (ruled 1603-1625)
 .James
was against the
Puritans and threatened to
“harry them out of the land.”
 .1607 – Jamestown, Virginia
was established as the first
permanent English colony in
America.
 .1611 – The King James
Version of the Bible is printed.
 .1620 – The Pilgrims land on
Plymouth Rock.
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Charles I (ruled 1625-1647)
 .Married
a Catholic.
 .Dissolved Parliament after
not getting all the money he
wanted to wage a war on
France and Spain.
 .Forced landowners to “loan”
him money or loose their
land and be jailed.
 .Forced people to house
soldiers in private homes.
 .Set up martial law, or rule by
the military.
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Charles I (ruled 1625-1647)
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.Recalled Parliament in 1628
to get more money.
 The
Petition of Right put
four limits on the king
 .No
taxes or loans without
Parliament’s consent.
 .No prison without just
cause.
 .No quartering without
consent of the homeowner.
 .No martial law except in
time of war.
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Charles I (ruled 1625-1647)
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.Charles dissolves Parliament again.
.Charles makes William Laud the Archbishop of
Canterbury.
 .Persecution
of the Puritans.
 .The Great Migration –1630-1643 over 1,000,000
Puritans migrate to the American colonies.
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The Short Parliament
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.Charles tries to force the
Scots to join the Church of
England, starting a war
with Scotland.
.The Scots invade
England. Needing money
to supply the army, Charles
recalls Parliament.
.After three weeks, Charles
dissolves this Parliament –
The Short Parliament.
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The Long Parliament
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.Still needing money,
Charles recalls Parliament
again. This Parliament
sits for 20 years – The
Long Parliament.
.The Irish rebel against
Charles.
.Charles arrests five
leaders of Parliament who
disagree with him. The
English Civil War begins.
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The Civil War
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The English Civil War
broke out in 1642.
Cavaliers supported the
king
Roundheads supported
Parliament.
 Oliver
Cromwell led the
New Model Army
(England’s first
Redcoats) to victory.
 Most of the army was
made up of Puritans.
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The Commonwealth

Cromwell purges Parliament
of all who do not support him.
 The
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Rump Parliament.
Charles I is beheaded,
1/30/1649.
Parliament abolishes the
monarchy and the House of
Lords and declares England
a republic, called the
commonwealth.
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Dictatorship
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Cromwell dispersed the
Rump Parliament by force.
Cromwell sets up a military
dictatorship.
Cromwell rules as a dictator
for nine years.
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Restoration
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After the death of Oliver
Cromwell in 1658, his
son comes to power
shortly, but has no
support from the army.
In 1660, Charles II is
made king of England.
 The
Church of England
becomes the official
church.
 Puritans and Catholics
are persecuted.
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James II
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When Charles II died in 1685, his
brother James became king.
James was a Catholic which upset
the Anglicans who controlled
Parliament.
James’ two daughters, Mary and
Anne, were Protestant.
In 1688, James had a son. James
was going to raise him as a
Catholic.
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The Glorious Revolution
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William of Orange and
his wife Mary (James
II’s daughter) are
invited to England to be
King and Queen.
James flees to France.
With almost no
bloodshed, the
“Glorious Revolution”
replaced one king with
another.
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The English Bill of Rights (1689)
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William and Mary signed a Bill of Rights.
 Parliament
had the right to make laws and levy
taxes.
 Standing armies could only be raised with
Parliaments consent.
 Right of citizens to bear arms.
 Right to a jury trial.
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Conclusion
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The English Civil War,
Commonwealth, Restoration, and
Glorious Revolution made an
England where the king would
never rule by divine right, but by
the consent of Parliament.
This period in English history
influenced the colonies in America
who would later rebel against the
king.
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