Extending Spanish
Power
4-1 pgs.110-113
Charles V and the Hapsburg
Empire
By the 1500s Spain had emerged as the first modern European power
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand expelled all of the Muslim rulers
and enforced religious unity.
Queen Isabella also financed Columbus’s voyage to the Americas
In 1519 Charles V, Ferdinand’s grandson, inherited a huge empire
He not only inherited the crown of Spain but also the heir of the Austrian
Hapsburgs
Ruling two empires involved Charles in constant warfare
After years of religious warfare Charles was forced to allow the German
princes to choose their own religions.
In 1556 Charles gave up his empire and entered a monastery. He divided
up his empire leaving Hapsburg lands to his brother Ferdinand and
gave Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy and Spain's empire to his
son Philip
Philip II and Divine Right
During King Philip II’s reign he wanted to expand Spanish influence, strengthen
the Catholic Church, and make his own power absolute
Thanks in part to silver from Americas, he made Spain the foremost power in
Europe
Philip, unlike most of the other people of his time, devoted a lot of time to
government work
He centralized royal power, making every part of government responsible to him
He ruled as an absolute monarch
He stated that he ruled by divine right
He believed that his authority to rule came directly from God
He saw himself as guardian of the Catholic Church and spend majority of his
life defending the Catholic Reformation and trying to turn back Protestants
Enforced religious unity in his lands and turned Inquisition against protestants
and other people thought to be heretics
The Wars of Philip II
During last half of Philip’s reign he battled Protestant
rebels in the Netherlands
At that time, the region included 17 provinces that are now
Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg
In 1500s riots against the Inquisition sparked a general
uprising in Netherlands and fighting raged for decades.
In 1581 the northern, mostly Protestant, provinces declared
their independence and became the Dutch Netherlands.
Did not get official recognition until 1648
Invading England
By the 1580s, Philip saw England’s Queen Elizabeth as his
chief Protestant enemy.
Eventually the Queen openly supported the Dutch against
Spain.
She encouraged English captains, known as Sea Dogs, to
plunder Spanish treasure ships
To end these attacks, Philip prepared a huge armada to
carry a Spanish invasion force to England
The armada sailed with more thank 130 ships, 20,000 men,
and 2,400 pieces of artillery. They were confident of victory
Spain’s Golden Age
The century from 1550 to 1650 is often known as Spain’s golden age
El Greco was a famous painter of this period.
He studied in Renaissance Italy before settling in Spain.
Made haunting religious pictures, dramatic view of the city of Toledo, and striking
portraits of Spanish nobles.
His use of colors influenced other famous artists also
The golden age also produced great writers like Lope de Vega
Wrote more than 15,000 plays including comedies and action-packed romances.
Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, the first modern novel in Europe
It mocked the traditions of Spain’s feudal past. Yet Cervantes admired both the
unromantic, earthy realism of Snacho Panza and the foolish but heroic idealism of
Don Quixote
Economic Decline
In the 1600s Spanish power and prosperity slowly
declined.
Lack of strong leadership was one reason. The
successors of Philip II were far less able rulers than
he.
Economic problems were also greatly to blame.
Costly oversea wars drained wealth out of Spain
almost as fast as it came
Then, too, treasure from the Americas led Spain to
neglect farming and commerce.
Government heavily taxed the small middle class.
The expulsion of Muslims and Jews deprived the
economy of many skilled artisans and merchants.
Finally, American gold and silver led to soaring
inflation, with prices rising much higher in Spain
than other places in Europe.
By the late 1600s France had replaced Spain as the
most powerful European nation.
Identify
Hapsburgs- The Hapsburgs empire is Austria
Singlo de oro- “Golden century”
Diego Velazquez- a court painter to King Philip IV, and best
known for his vivid portraits of Spanish royalty
Miguel de Cervantes-The man who wrote Don Quixote, the
first modern novel in Europe
Define
Absolute Monarch- a ruler that has complete authority over
the government and lives of the people
Divine right- the belief that Philip II’s authority came
directly from God
Armada- a fleet of war ships
Review
Armada- [Spanish] FLEET of war ships
Charles V- Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain gave up throne
because of stress
Philip II- King of Spain-- ruled for 42 year-- sent the armada to England
Sea Dogs- British sailors and captains seen as “pirates” by Spain and
Portugal
El Greco- “the Greek” painter in Spain
Lope de Vega- Spanish author wrote “the Sheep well”
Miguel de Cervantes- Spanish author wrote “Don Quixote”
More Review
What country was the first modern country in Europe around
1500?
Spain
What Country did the Hapsburg’s rule, actually what country
and empire? Austria
What country was Spain’s protestant rival in the late 1500s?
England, Queen Elizabeth I
By the late 1600s what country was more powerful than Spain?
France
Bibliography
http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/king-philip-iispain.htm
http://www.nps.gov/cham/planyourvisit/spanish-goldenage.htm
Google.com