Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources
at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Therefore, for full marks, you have to find:
2 overall comparisons + 3 direct comparisons
OR
1 overall comparison + 4 direct comparisons
Source
C, Fiona
Watson
Source D,
Pete
Armstrong
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Example of an overall comparison(the views of the source):
Sources C and D agree overall about the effects of
the Scottish victory at Stirling Bridge as they both
State that Wallace now takes a leading role in the
nation.
Sources C and D agree overall about the effects of
the Scottish victory at Stirling Bridge as they both
highlight the seriousness of the English response to
the defeat.
Comparing Sources at Higher
Example of a direct comparison
Sources C and D agree that the English response to defeat at Stirling
Bridge was to raise an army to avenge this. Source C states that
writs were immediately sent out to the Sherriff of York, and 28
Northern English and Scots Lords. Source D states that the English
responded “without delay” and sent orders for the Sherriff of
Nottingham and Derby to send troops north to aid other English
Lords.
Sources C and D agree that the English response to defeat at Stirling Bridge was to raise
an army to avenge this. Source C states that writs were immediately sent out to the
Sherriff of York, and 28 Northern English and Scots Lords. Source D states that the
English responded “without delay” and sent orders for the Sherriff of Nottingham and
Derby to send troops north to aid other English Lords.
Sources C and D agree that the Scots victory at Stirling Bridge forced the English nobility to
unite and take action. Source C states that the defeat finally united the discontented
nobles. Source D states that the disaster shocked the English nobility into action.
Sources C and D agree that the Scots victory at Stirling Bridge enabled the Scots to regain
control of some of the captured Scots castles. Source C states that they regained control of
some castles manned by English garrisons. Source D states that the castles of Stirling and
Dundee were taken by early 1298.
Sources C and D agree that the Scots victory at Stirling Bridge ensured that Wallace
became the leader of Scottish resistance to Edward. Source C states that Wallace now
operated as the representative of King John and the community. Source D states that the
victory led to him being the undisputed leader of the Scots.
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Comparing Sources at Higher
Source C: from a contemporary English chronicle.
A certain Scot, by name William Wallace was an outcast from pity, a robber, a sacrilegious man, a man
who burnt alive boys in schools and churches in great numbers. Wallace had collected an army of Scots
in the battle of Falkirk against the King of England, and had seen that he could not resist the powerful
army of the King, and so fled himself from the battle, leaving his people to be slain by the sword. This
man, after his innumerable wickednesses, was at last taken prisoner by the King’s servants and brought
to London, as the King ordained that he should be formally tried. He was put to a most cruel, but amply
deserved, death. His head was fixed on a stake and set on London Bridge. His four quarters thus
divided, were sent to the four quarters of Scotland. Behold the end of a merciless man whom his
mercilessness brought to this end.
Source D: from Alan Macquarrie, Kingship and Nation (2004).
William Wallace was probably the son of the laird of Elderslie who had not signed the Ragman Rolls, and
was consequently outlawed by the English justiciar. He escaped capture by the English garrison of
Lanark with the help of his mistress, who was killed in the process. In revenge, Wallace killed the Sheriff
of Lanark and set himself up as head of a band of outlaws. The Battle of Falkirk was a victory for the
English mounted knights and the Welsh archers, who wore down the schiltrons by repeated cavalry
charges and discharges of arrows. Wallace escaped and rescued the survivors as best he could. He
remained at liberty until betrayed by Sir John Stewart of Mentieth. After his trial he was dragged for
miles at the tail of a horse to Smithfield where he was put to death by being strangled, and
dismembered.
To what extent do Sources C and D agree about the career of William Wallace?
Compare the content overall and in detail.
(5)
Source A: from the Treaty of Birgham (1290).
Having considered the peace and tranquillity of both kingdoms and in doing so mutual friendship should
continue between our peoples for all time, we have granted in the name of our lord (Edward I) that the rights
and liberties and customs of Scotland shall be wholly preserved. We promise that the kingdom of Scotland shall
remain separate and divided from the kingdom of England by rightful boundaries and borders as has been
observed up to now and that it shall be free and independent. We grant that no tenant-in-chief of the king of
Scotland shall be forced to go outside the kingdom to do homage or fealty or to pay relief for his lands. No
parliament shall be held outwith the kingdom and borders of Scotland on matters concerning that kingdom or
its borders or the position of those that live in the kingdom. No one of the kingdom of Scotland shall be held to
answer outwith that kingdom for any agreement entered into, or for any crime committed, or in any other cause
contrary to the laws and customs of that kingdom.
Source B: from GWS Barrow, Robert Bruce (1988).
The whole course of the negotiations which culminated in the marriage agreement, called the Treaty of
Birgham, shows the guardians above all anxious to do nothing that might impair the “rights” or the integrity of
Scotland. The Treaty of Birgham was the high-watermark of the endeavour by the Guardians and the
community. The treaty envisaged two feudal kingdoms, England and Scotland ruled separately though in
harmony by a king and queen. The Scottish kingdom was to remain, as the Scots had demanded, free and
without subjugation. Elections to the clergy in Scotland were to be free of external interference and tenants-inchief of the Scots Crown need do homage for their lands in Scotland only, persons in Scotland who had been
accused of a crime or sued at law should not have to answer in a court outside their country. The treaty has
been praised as a document of wise statesmanship and patriotism, but it was also something else. It was
essentially a cautious, protective document.
To what extent do Sources A and B agree about the Scots’ attempts to protect their
independence after the death of Alexander III?
Compare the sources overall and in detail.
To what extent do Sources A and B agree about the Scots’ attempts to protect their
independence after the death of Alexander III?
Compare the sources overall and in detail.
Sources A and B agree about the Scots’ attempts to
protect their independence after the death of Alexander
III as they both agree that the Scots ensured that no one
could be tried for a crime committed in Scotland in
another court outside the country. Source A states that
no one could be held to account outside Scotland for
crimes committed and Source B states that persons
would not have to answer crimes in a court in another
country.