澳门特區核心能力建設進展简介
Introduction Macao SAR Progress
on IHR Core Capacity
Development
澳门特别行政区 卫生局
Health Bureau, Macao SAR (China)
澳門特區位置
Location of Macao
澳門特區概況(2013年)
Outline of Macao SAR (2013)
 居住人口Population 607, 500 ;
– 中国籍Chinese 92.3% 菲律宾籍Pilipino 2.7%葡国籍Portuguese0.9%。
 出生率 Birth rate 11.1 /1000
 嬰兒死亡率 Infant mortality rate2.9/1000
 預期生命 Life expectancy:
82.4 (男M 78.9, F85.6)
 面積 Area: 31.3 KM2;
 人口密度: 189,000/km2
 人均GDP/capita: 87187 USD
 主要產業Main industry: 博彩旅遊業 tourism
and gambling
澳門特區概況(2013年)
 訪客人數Visitors
– 每年per year: 29,324,800
– 每天per day: 80,341
 訪客來源 Source of Visitors
– 中國內地 Mainland China 60.2%
– 中國香港 Hong Kong 25.2%
– 中國台灣 Taiwan3.8%
– 其他 Others10.8%
人口變化
Change of Population in Macao
澳門的人口演進(1951-2010)
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
人口
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2009
2010
184,684
178,084
246,215
247,630
363,784
435,235
549,500
552,300
澳門人口金字塔
Population pyramid
>=75
70 - 74
Male
65 - 69
Female
60 - 64
55 - 59
50 - 54
45 - 49
Age
40 - 44
35 - 39
30 - 34
25 - 29
20 - 24
15 - 19
10 - 14
5-9
0-4
40,000.00
30,000.00
20,000.00
10,000.00
0.00
Population
10,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
40,000.00
主要疾病负担
Main Disease Burden
 主要死因Main cause of deaths
– 肿瘤 Tumors: 34.8%
– 循环系统 Cardio-vascular: 25.7%
– 呼吸系统 Respiratory: 15.5%
传染病概况
Outline of infectious diseases
 被消灭/消除/控制:Eradicated/Eliminated/
Controled
– 脊灰/乙型肝炎/麻疹 Polio/Hep B/Measles
– 食物传播疾病 Food born diseases
 面临持续挑战 Continuous Challenge
– 新发呼吸道传染病 Emerging respiratory
diseases
– 虫媒传播疾病 Vector-born disease
– 艾滋病 HIV/AIDS
核心能力1: 立法、政策和融資
Core Capacity 1:Legislation, policy & financing
 2007年，中央政府宣佈IHR(2005)適用全中國包括澳
門特區
On May 12, 2007, the Government of China declared
that the IHR(2005) applied to the entire territory of
China, including Macao Special Administrative
Region.
 2008年7月，IHR2005中葡雙語版在澳門特區公報上公
佈
On March 7, 2008, Chinese & Portuguese
translations of IHR 2005 were published in the
Official Bulletin of the MSAR under the order of CE.
核心能力1: 立法、政策和融資
Core Capacity 1: Legislation, policy & financing
 《执行IHR（2005）制度》行政法规
Administrative regulation
“implementation of the IHR (2005)
system” 2011年6月26生效
Takes effect on June 26, 2011
 设立“入境口岸卫生委员会”
Establish “Health Committee for Ports of
Entry”
 负责制定入境口岸部分的行动计划
Responsible for elaborating the action
核心能力3: 監測
Core capacity 3:Surveillance
 病例監測Case-based surveillance
– 法定傳染病Notifiable diseases surveillance
– 傷害和中毒Injuries and poisons surveillance
 事件監測 Event-based surveillance
– 須申報暴發 Notifiable outbreak
– 學校 School outbreaks surveillance
– 托兒所 Day care centre outbreaks surveillance
– 老人院 Nursing home outbreak surveillance
– 醫院 Hospital outbreak surveillance
– 傳媒 Media surveillance
核心能力4: 應對
Core capacity 4: Response
 Public Health Emergency rapid response
mechanism has been established
– Written protocol on emergency response is
in place
– Public health physician on duty is
accessible by relevant stakeholders 7/24
– Rapid Response Team is available and
can be deployed within 2 hours
– Continuous training and regular exercise
are provided
核力能力5: 準備
Core capacity 5: Preparedness
 Risk assessment to identify most likely
source of urgent public health event has
been conducted
 Surge capacity plan and stockpiling of
some critical material are in place
核心能力:風險溝通
Core capacity: Risk communication
 Risk communication persons and units
were designated in each levels of
government
 Risk communication plans have been
developed for priority plan
核心能力: 人加資源
Human resource capacity
 Port health has been included in the job
description of new law for health
inspectors
 Recruitment and Training have been
undertaken
 On going training for members of multidiscipline rapid response team is
undertaken
實驗室Laboratory
 Public Health Laboratory was assigned
as the reference laboratory of public
heath diagnosis
 ISO and other accreditation were
applied to the PHL
 Network with regional and international
laboratory was established
 Biosafety guidelines, SOP and training
are available
入境口岸: Point of entry (PoE)
 Inspection animal and plant product by
Municipal Affairs Bureau
 Inspection of others by Health Bureau
 Surveillance on travelers was
undertaken
 Surveillance on vector was undertaken
in airport
口岸和社區防控的合作
PoE and Community
 以加强社区防御能
力和减少其脆弱性
为重点Emphasize
on strengthen
capacity and
decrease the
vulnerability
 口岸检疫为辅
Supplemented by
PoE inspection
控制
Control
預防
Prevention
監測
Suveillance
Ferry terminal
外港客運碼頭
及直昇機場
Ground crossing
關閘
Ferry terminal
北安臨時
客運碼頭
Ferry terminal
內港碼頭
Int’l Airport
澳門國際機場
Ground
crossing
蓮花橋口岸
Cargo Port
九澳貨櫃碼頭
澳门卫生检疫和IHR实施
 2003年前: 适用国际卫生条例，除遗骸外
，没有其他检疫机构和机制
 2003年开始逐渐建立卫生检疫机构和机
制
 2005年后正式开始实施IHR
为实施IHR(2005)而开展的
口岸卫生工作
 招募和培训人员
 建立流程和机制
 开展卫生检疫和机场卫生监督工作，特
别是机场病媒控制
 建立旅行卫生信息网页
2013年7月起常规发热筛查措施
 主要口岸:热成像仪
检查+怀疑者人手耳
温检查
 小人流口岸:出入境
管制官员以手动红
外线检查
人畜共患疾病事件
Zoonotic Events
 All foods are imported, majority from
Mainland
 Completely no agriculture or poultry
industry in Macao
 Animal and plant food and food material
are strictly inspected by municipal
department, which has close
collaboration with Mainland
人畜共患疾病事件
Zoonotic Events
Information exchange of zoonotic events
between Mainland and China
Agriculture
sector of
Mainland
Health sectors
of Mainland
Municipal sector
of Macao
Health sector of
Macao
食品安全Food Safety
 2013年10月20日，新的食品安全法生
效，食品安全中心成立
An Comprehensive Food Safety Law
was taken into force and Food Safety
Centre under Municipal Affairs Bureau
was established on Oct 20, 2013
化學事件和放射緊急事件
Chemical Events & Radiation Emergency
 The responsive departments are
assigned to variety event under the law
for Emergency Public Events Warning
and Alarm Systems.
 Comprehensive ionizing radiation was
under developed.
 Response plan was conducted and drill
was conducted
摘要
Summary
 The Government of Macao SAR has
placed IHR implementation among its
top priorities to ensuring health security.
 Plenty of work has to be done but the
Government is committed to take its
responsibilities to achieve international
health security.
谢谢
传染病预防
 基础卫生设施
 疫苗: 免费接种针对严重结核病、乙型肝
炎、肺炎链球菌、b型流感嗜血杆菌、水
痘、百日咳、白喉、破伤风、麻疹、腮
腺炎和风疹
 水和食物安全
 健康教育
 环境卫生和病媒控制
传染病的准备和应对
 预案
 药物，材料和设施储备
 人员培训
 法例
 机制
– 跨部门和公私合作
澳门特区检疫安排分工
 第11/2011号行政法规–执行国际卫生条例（2005）
的制度。明确口岸卫生的协调机制
人/遗骸: 卫生局
交通工具/集装箱: 卫生局
动植物及生鲜食物: 民政总署(巿政部门)