What Is Diabetes ?
Diabetes Mellitus - An Insight
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder
characterized by increased blood
sugar (hyperglycemia) due to
defective insulin secretion, insulin
action or both.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes:- No Insulin present at all. Happens often
during childhood. Usually below 30 years of
age. Also called as Juvenile Diabetes.
The cells responsible for making
Insulin are absent
Types of Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes:- Not enough insulin OR Insulin doesn’t work
(Insulin resistance)
Happens usually above 30 Years of age, also
known as Adult Onset Diabetes.
Insulin resistance
Symptoms for Type 2 Diabetes
Complications of Diabetes
What Is Insulin ?
Insulin
Insulin is a substance that controls
the amount of glucose (sugar) in the
blood.
Insulin
If there isn’t enough insulin or if it doesn’t have the proper
effect, the level of glucose in the blood increases and this can
have harmful effects.
Target for Diabetic patients
PPBG : < 180 mg/dl
FBG : 90 - 130 mg/dl
Diet
The Controls
Exercise
Foot Care
Diet Control
 Limit your food intake during each meal
or snack
 Divide your food intake into 3 evenly
spaced meals with a small healthy
snack between meals ,if needed
Diet Control
 Don’t skip meals
 Eat fibre rich foods such as fruits,
vegetables, grains and beans
 Limit the amount of fat , sugar
and salt in your meal
Diet Control
Points to be taken into consideration while planning the diet
 Avoid roots and tubers e.g.
potato, sweet- potato, but carrot
and radish can be consumed.
 Avoid sugar, glucose, jams,
honey, sweets, nuts,
Horlicks,Bournvita etc.
DO NOT EAT
US..WE ARE
NOT GOOD
FOR YOU
Choose
me
Diet Control
 Avoid fried food.
 Include salads but avoid
salad dressing with fat
 Include plenty of green leafy
vegetables.
Diet Control
 Quantity of oil should be restricted
 Dietary exchanges should be taken into consideration
consume very less oil
Diet Control
 Include food rich in fibre
 Avoid fruits such as mango,
banana, chickoo, custard apple etc
Exercise
Exercise
Losing weight can be:
Difficult
&
Frustrating
Exercise
But it is POSSIBLE to :
Lose weight
&
Sustain weight loss
Exercise
Physical activity is an important part of
Diabetes Management
Exercise
Exercise can:
 Boost your metabolism
 Increase muscle mass, so you
burn more calories
 Help improve the body’s response
to insulin and naturally lowering
glucose by burning extra calories.
Exercise
The facts: For people having diabetes
 You need to exercise daily or at least five
times a week
 The exercise duration should for
45 to 55 minutes at a time
Exercise
 Since the muscles that use glucose
appropriately are the long, thin
muscles, you need to develop
these muscles
 This requires exercise that is
low-resistance and high-frequency
such as walking
Exercise
With a daily low-resistance,
high-frequency exercise program
lasting 45 to 55 minutes, blood glucose
control for diabetes patients improves
and stabilizes, even before weight loss
is achieved.
Exercise
Exercise has no long-term effect on glucose.
Within 24 to 48 hours of cessation, the
beneficial effects on diabetes and its control
are lost.
Therefore, exercise is a life-long commitment
Exercise
Top Ten Benefits of Being Active
 Improves Blood Glucose Management
 Lowers Blood Pressure
 Improves Blood Fats
 Lesser intake of Insulin or Diabetes Pills
Exercise
 Lose weight and sustain it
 Lower risk of other health problems
 Gain more energy and sleep better
Exercise
 Relieves stress
 Builds stronger bones and muscles
 Enhances flexibility
Foot Care
Foot Care
Check your Feet Every Day!
Foot Care
 Foot problems can literally
develop overnight
 It is essential to check your
feet daily
Foot Care
Check your feet daily for the following :
 Cuts, blisters or sores
 Change in temperature
(hot or cold)
 Change in colour (pale, red, blue)
Foot Care
 Swelling
 Pain
 Dry, cracking skin
 Sweaty skin
Foot Care
 Athletes foot or other rashes
 Signs and symptoms of infection
 Corns and calluses
Foot Care
How to take care of your feet ?
Foot Care
 Look at your feet every day.
Make sure there are no cuts
or red areas
 Use a mirror to see the bottom
of your feet
 Don’t soak your feet. Wash
them well with mild soap
and water every day
Foot Care
 Dry them very well,
including in between the
toes
 Don’t walk barefoot
Foot Care
 Wear shoes that fit well
 Buy socks designed to keep
your feet comfortable
 Use lotion on your feet, but
not between the toes
Foot Care
Meet your Foot doctor
 Do not cut your toenails. File them
instead, or have them trimmed by
a foot doctor
 If you have poor circulation, nerve
damage, or very thick toenails,
see a foot doctor regularly
 Also see a foot doctor, if you
have corns, calluses, or bunions
Foot Care
 If you do get a cut or scratch, address
it right away
 Wash with mild soap and warm water
 Use a mild ointment
 Cover with gauze and paper tape or
a fabric bandage
Make sure to change
this often
Foot Care
If the affected area does not heal
OR
Gets red
OR
Has any drainage
Call your healthcare provider right away