LIFESTYLE DISEASES
Cardiovascular Disease
 Noncommunicable disease – means that




you cannot “catch” it from someone or the
environment
Also known as CVD
A disease that affects the heart or blood
vessels
Cardio refers to the heart
Vascular refers to the blood vessels
Types of CVD – High Blood
Pressure or Hypertension
 Can damage the heart, blood vessels and
other body organs if it continues over a long
period of time
 Also a major risk factor for other types of




CVD
Known as the “silent killer” because it often
doesn’t have any signs or symptoms
Can occur at any age but usually 35+
About 1/3 of American have hypertension
Treatment is to manage weight, be physically
active, and eat nutritiously. Also medication
Types of CVD - Atherosclerosis
 Healthy blood vessels are smooth and elastic
 A disease characterized by the accumulation
of plaque on artery walls
 People that have atherosclerosis have a
condition called arteriosclerosis, hardened
arteries with reduced elasticity
 Smoking, high blood pressure, or high
cholesterol levels can lead to fatty
substances called plaque build up on artery
walls
Atherosclerosis
Diseases of the Heart
 Angina Pectoris – chest pain that results when
the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen
 This pain lasts from a few seconds to minutes and may
be a sign that the heart isn’t getting enough blood
 Arrhythmias – irregular heartbeats
 Happen when the heart skips a beat or beats very fast
or very slow
 Quite common and usually don’t cause problems
 Some types may be serious and should be checked by
a doctor
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKxQgjj2yVU&featur
e=autoplay&list=PLB9CAEA15E86171A5&index=2&pl
aynext=2
Disease of the Heart – Heart Attack
 Occurs when a reduced or blocked blood
supply damages the heart muscle.
 Many cause intense chest pain, but about
25% produce no symptoms
 Milder symptoms in women
 Symptoms below – Call 911 IMMEDIATELY!
 Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching chest
 Pain spreading to arms, neck, jaw, abdomen or
back
 Chest discomfort, with shortness of breath,
lightheaded feeling, sweating, nausea, or vomiting
Heart Attack and Stroke
Videos
 Heart Attack
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_1hxz8XxVk
&feature=BF&list=PLB9CAEA15E86171A5&index=
6
 Stroke
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_fo6ytlmD0
&feature=related
Diseases of the Heart
 Congestive Heart Failure – occurs when
the heart gradually weakens and can no
longer maintain its regular pumping rate
and force
 Cannot be cured, but it can improve through
continuous treatment, such as medication and
practicing healthy behaviors
 Heart transplant may be needed
Diseases of the Heart
 Stroke – an acute injury in which blood flow
to the brain is interrupted
 Stroke that occurs because of a burst blood
vessel is called a cerebral hemorrhage
 Can cause paralysis
 Damage depends on size of stroke and what
part of the brain is deprived of oxygen
 Warning signs include severe headache,
numbness on 1 side of the body, trouble
seeing from 1 or both eyes
Important information on CVD
 CVD can start to develop in early
adolescents or even childhood
 Autopsy results on adolescents who dies
from causes other than CVD have found
that one in 6 already had evidence of CVD
Risk Factors of CVD
 Heredity
 Gender – men or women?
 Age - 80% of people that die from CVD are 65
or older
 How can you prevent CVD from happening to
you?
Cancer
 What is cancer?
 Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
 Abnormal cells reproduce rapidly and
uncontrollably, they can build up inside otherwise
normal tissue.
 Tumor – a buildup of abnormal cells
 Benign - noncancerous
 Malignant - cancerous
 Usually a malignant tumor doesn’t stay in 1 place. It
spreads to neighboring tissues and enters the blood or
lymph to travel to other parts of the body - metastasis
Types of Cancer
 Lymphomas – cancers of the immune system
 Leukemias – cancers of the blood-forming
organs
 Carcinomas – cancers of the glands and body
linings, including the skin and the linings of
the digestive tract and lungs
 Sarcomas – cancers of connective tissue, such
as bones, ligaments, and muscles
Risk Factors for Cancer
 Daily your body produces countless #’s of
healthy, normal cells – but it also produces
some abnormal cells
 Your immune system usually kills these
abnormal cells before they become
cancerous
 When immune system is weak or the
abnormal cells multiply faster than the
immune system can destroy them, cancer
MAY develop
Risk Factors for Cancer
 Carcinogens – cancer-causing substance
 Tobacco and UV light are 2 of the most common
 Tobacco Use - #1 cause of cancer deaths in the US
is related to tobacco
 At least 43 different carcinogens have been
identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke
 About 87% of lung cancer deaths are caused by
smoking
 About 30% of all other cancers are linked to tobacco
use
 Oral cancer – lips, mouth, and throat
Risk Factors for Cancer
 Radiation
 The glow of a suntan might look attractive, but a
suntan is actually your skin’s reaction to damage
from the sun
 UV radiation from the sun is the main cause of
skin cancer
 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
 Some viruses have the ability to cause cancer
 Certain forms of HPV can cause cervical cancer
 Hepatitis B can cause cancer of the liver
Risk Factors for Cancer
 Dietary Factors – about 30% of ALL cancer
dealth are caused by dietary risk factors
 Diets high in fat and low in fiber is often linked
with colon, breast, and prostate cancers
 Fats – make colon cells more vulnerable to
carcinogens. Colon cells divide faster if diet is high in
fat, increasing risk that abnormal cells will form
 Dietary fiber – speeds mvmt of waste through the
intestines and out of body. If diet is low in fiber, the
waste moves more slowly, giving carcinogens in the
waste more time to act on body’s cells
Reducing Risk
 Protect skin from UV radiation
 Avoid tobacco and alcohol
 Practice abstinence from sexual activity to
reduce the risk of STD’s
 Be physically active
 Maintain a healthy weight
 Eat nutritious foods
 Follow eating plan low in sat fat and high in fiber
 Recognize warning signs of cancer
Detecting and treating
Cancer
 Dr’s are able to detect cancer earlier than in
the past
 Many advances in treatment options as well
 Early detection is key!!!
 Self-examination – checking your own body
including breasts, testicles and skin
 Medical examination – testing by a Dr for early
signs of cancer
 About ½ of all new cancers are detected during a
routine medical screening
Detecting and Treating
Cancer
 Biopsy – the removal of a small piece of tissue
for examination
 Usually used to see if cancer is present
Treatment Options
 Surgery – removes some or all cancerous masses from





body
Radiation – uses radioactive substances to kill cancer
cells and shrink cancerous masses
Chemotherapy – uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells
Immunotherapy – activates a person’s immune system to
recognize specific cancers and destroy them
Hormone therapy – uses medicines to interfere with the
production of certain hormones, such as estrogen, that
help cancer cells grow
Remission – a period of time when symptoms disappear
Diabetes
 A chronic disease that affects the way body cells
convert sugar into energy
 The pancreas produces too little or no insulin, a
hormone that helps glucose from food enter body
cells and provide them w/energy
 Some diabetics do produce enough insulin, but cells
don’t respond
 Symptoms – frequent urination, excessive thirst,
unexplained wt loss, sudden change in vision,
tingling in hands/feet, frequent fatigue, sores that
are slow to heal, more infections than usual
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
 Type 1 – accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes
 Body fails to produce insulin, glucose builds
up in blood and cells don’t get energy they
need
 Autoimmune disease – a condition which the
immune system mistakenly attacks itself
 People must take daily does of insulin
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
 Accounts for 90-95% of all cases of diabetes
 Usually occurs after age 40, but rising in
younger people
 Body is unable to make enough insulin or to
use insulin properly
 Prevention:
 Choose low-fat, low-calorie foods
 Participate in regular physical activity