BLOODBORNE
PATHOGENS
STAFF ANNUAL TRAINING
Per N.J.A.C.6A-10.9
Universal Precautions Training
This training is designed to:
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Provide basic understanding of Blood borne Pathogens (BBP)
Discuss Blood borne diseases and their transmission
Explain the term “Universal Precautions”
Recognize common modes of transmissions in the work place
Differentiate between Engineering Controls and Work Practice
Controls
• Review Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Hand washing
• Provide information on Hepatitis B Vaccine and Exposure Incidents
• As required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR 1910.0130
Blood borne Pathogens
• Blood borne Pathogens (BBP) are
microorganisms such as viruses and
bacteria that are carried in the blood and
can infect and cause disease in people
who are exposed to blood containing the
pathogen. These microorganisms can be
transmitted through contact with
contaminated blood and body fluids.
Blood borne diseases
• The two diseases specifically addressed
by the OSHA standard are:
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Characteristics of Hepatitis
• Hepatitis
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Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver
Can result in cirrhosis and liver damage
Most people recover
HBV can be transmitted indirectly
Can survive in dried blood up to 7 days
There is a vaccine
One third of HBV have no signs or symptoms
Characteristics of HIV
 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
 HIV attacks the immune system
 People can carry the virus for years without
visible symptoms
 HIV is fragile and does not survive very long
outside the body
 In some cases HIV develops into AIDS
 No known cure
Transmission of Bloodborne
Diseases
abrasions
Blood borne
Pathogens are
Transmitted when
Contaminated
Blood or body
Fluids enter the
Body of another
Person. In the school
Setting, contact is most
likely to occur through:
Cuts
Dermatitis
BBP
Mucous
membranes
Of the mouth
Eyes or nose
Acne
Open Sores
What do we mean “Universal
Precautions”?
• The concept of Universal Precautions is
that all blood and potentially infectious
materials must be treated as if they are
known to contain HIV,HBV or other blood
borne pathogens.
• Assume all blood and body fluids are contaminated
and potentially harmful to your health!!
6 Steps to consider for Universal
Precautions
• 1. ASSUME ALL
BLOOD AND BODY
FLUIDS ARE
CONTAMINATED
AND POTENTIALLY
HARMFUL TO YOUR
HEALTH.
Steps to consider for Universal
Precautions
• 2. WASH HANDS
AND WORK
SURFACES
FREQUENTLY.
Steps to consider for Universal
Precautions
•
3. Avoid contact with
sharp objects.
• 4. Use gloves and other
personal protective
equipment when you
anticipate exposure to
blood or other bodily
fluids.
Steps to consider for Universal
Precautions
• 5. WASH YOUR
HANDS
IMMEDIATELY
FOLLOWING
EXPOSURE
Steps to consider for Universal
Precautions
• 6. Dispose of
hazardous material
safely using
engineering controls
like a sharps box for
needle disposal.
WORKPLACE TRANSMISSION
• Accidental Injury
• Injury that may occur from broken glass,
sharp metal, needles, knives or even exposed
orthodontic wires.
• Indirect Transmission
• Occurs from contact with an object or surface
contaminated with infectious material and then
transferred to your mouth, nose, eyes or open skin.
When an Injury Occurs
Assess the situation
Administer First Aid
Report the Incident
Assess the Situation
Take a moment to
collect yourself so
you can approach
the situation.
Be calm and reassure the victim
Assess the severity of the injury
Avoid exposing yourself to blood or other bodily fluids without precautions
ADMINISTER FIRST AID
 For minor cuts and scrapes, nose bleeds,
encourage student to self administer first aid.
 For more serious injuries, put on a pair of gloves
first
 If you are accidentally exposed to blood or
another fluid in the course of first aid, wash the
exposed area with an antibacterial soap and
water as soon as possible.
 If your eyes, nose or mouth have been exposed,
flush them with running water.
REPORT THE INCIDENT
o Report the exposure
to the principal and
nurse immediately in
case there is a need
for additional medical
attention.
o Complete the
Exposure Incident
Report with the nurse
as soon as possible.
Engineering Controls VS Work
Practice Controls
• Engineering Controls
• Isolates or removes the
blood borne pathogen
from the work place.
• Physical or mechanical
systems that eliminates
the hazards at the source
• Example-sharps disposal
container
• Eye wash system in
Nurses’ office
• Work Practice
Controls
• Reduces the likelihood of
exposure by altering the
manner in which the task
is performed.
• Hand washing
• Personal Hygiene
• Cover area that is soiled
until proper cleansing
done
HANDWASHING
• Hand washing is one of the simplest
and most effective practices used to
present transmission of blood borne
pathogens.
• Take 2 paper towels and put under arm
• Turn on warm water and put soap on
hands
• Rub for 20 seconds vigorously, getting
fingers, hands, wrists and fingernails.
• Rinse thoroughly & use one towel to
turn off faucet
• Use 2nd towel to dry hands and open
door.
PERSONAL HYGIENE
• Use good judgment when working in areas with
potential exposure.
• Refrain from eating, drinking or applying lip balm
or cosmetics where there is a likelihood of
exposure.
• Don’t keep food or drink in refrigerators or on
countertops where there is potential for
infectious material
• Minimize splashing or spraying of droplets when
attending to an injury
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT—”PPE”
• To protect yourself, it
is essential to have a
barrier between you
and the potentially
infectious material.
• Gloves, goggles,
masks and aprons
should be used
appropriately with the
task and degree of
exposure.
HEPATITIS B VACCINE
• It is strongly
suggested if you are
working with a “high
risk group” you
discuss the vaccine
with your physician.
Exposure Incidents
• Exposure Control Compliance Manual
Requirements
 Documentation of exposure routed and how
exposure incident occurred
 Identification and documentation of source of
individual’s infectivity, if possible
 Medical attention @ Ocean Bay Occupational
Medicine Center or Emergency Dept. if needed
Post Evaluation
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TRUE OR FALSE
Universal precautions refers to the infectious disease control systems,
that assumes every direct contact with body fluids is infectious and
requires every employee exposed to be protected as though all body
fluids are infected with bloodborne diseases.
Universal Precautions Training is required by the Occupational Safety
Health Administration (OSHA) to limit the threat of Bloodborne Pathogens
in the work place.
Every school employee must understand the dangers of infection and
safe practices to minimize risk.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are 2
disease specifically addressed by the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Symptoms of the disease range
from jaundice, flu like symptoms to none at all.
Hepatitis B virus can survive in dried blood for up to 7 days at room
temperature.
Post evaluation continued:
7. The Hepatitis B vaccine series is an effective tool against the Hepatitis B
Virus. It is suggested you receive the vaccine if you work in a high risk
area.
8. HIV attacks the body’s immune system causing the disease known as AIDS
and/or other opportunistic infections.
9. Symptoms of HIV include night sweats, weight loss, muscle and joint pain.
10. The HIV is fragile and does not survive very long outside the body.
11.Presently, there is no vaccine to prevent HIV.
12.Transmission of bloodborne diseases in the work place include accidental
injury & indirect transmission.
13.Accidential injury may occur from contaminated objects like broken glass,
needles, knives and sharp metal including orthodontic wires.
14.Indirect transmission happens when you touch a contaminated surface or
object and then transfer the infections to you nose, mouth, eyes or open
skin.
Post evaluation continued
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
An ECP (Exposure Control Plan) involves engineering controls
and work place practices that outline a system of safeguards and
barriers to reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens to
employees.
Handwashing is one of the simplest and most effective practices
used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
When an injury occurs, it is important to assess the situation first,
before administering first aid.
A sharps container for needles is an example of engineering
controls in the work place.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn utilized to
reduce the risk of exposure. Gloves should be worn whenever
needed to prevent contact.
The Hepatitis B vaccine series is offered cost free to employees at
risk for exposure, and whenever there is an exposure incident in
the work place.
Post Evaluation Answers
Congratulations if you answered all as
TRUE