BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
ATEP ANNUAL TRAINING
Universal Precautions Training
This training is designed to:
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Provide basic understanding of Blood borne Pathogens (BBP)
Discuss Blood borne diseases and their transmission
Explain the term “Universal Precautions”
Recognize common modes of transmissions in the work place
Differentiate between Engineering Controls and Work Practice Controls
Review Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Hand washing
Provide information on Hepatitis B Vaccine and Exposure Incidents
• As required by:
– Commission on the Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (caATe)
– Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
29 CFR 1910.0130
Blood borne Pathogens
• Blood borne Pathogens (BBP) are
microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria
that are carried in the blood and can infect
and cause disease in people who are exposed
to blood containing the pathogen. These
microorganisms can be transmitted through
contact with contaminated blood and body
fluids.
Common Examples Blood borne diseases
• The two diseases specifically addressed by the
OSHA standard are:
o Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
o Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Also included are:
o Malaria
o Syphilis
o Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
o Hepatitis D virus (HDV)
Characteristics of Hepatitis
o Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver
o Can result in cirrhosis and liver damage
o potentially life-threatening bloodborne pathogen but
most people recover
o May be present in the body for up to six months
before symptoms occur
o HBV can be transmitted indirectly
o Can survive in dried blood up to 7 days
o There is a vaccine – 95% prevention rate
o One third of HBV have no signs or symptoms
HEPATITIS B VACCINE
• If you are working with
a “high risk group” you
should discuss getting
the vaccine with your
physician.
Characteristics of HIV
 HIV attacks the immune system
 People can carry the virus for years without visible
symptoms
 HIV is fragile and does not survive very long outside
the body
 In some cases HIV develops into AIDS
 No known vaccine to prevent infection or cure
Transmission of Bloodborne Diseases
o Blood borne Pathogens are transmitted when contaminated blood
or body fluids enter the body of another person. Those body fluid
include:
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Blood
Semen
Saliva
Vaginal & Penal Secretions
Mucous Membrane Secretions
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Pleural Fluid
Peritoneal Fluid
Pericardial Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
Any body fluid (such as vomit) visibly contaminated with blood
Any unidentifiable body fluid
Transmission of Bloodborne Diseases
o In the athletic training setting, contact is most
likely to occur when caring for an injured
individual and contact is made with the bodily
fluid.
o Therefore we practice Universal Precautions
with EVERY individual at all times.
What do we mean “Universal Precautions”?
• The concept of Universal Precautions is that
all blood and potentially infectious materials
must be treated as if they are known to
contain HIV, HBV or other blood borne
pathogens.
• Assume all blood and body fluids are contaminated
and potentially harmful to your health!!
6 Steps to consider for Universal
Precautions
1. ASSUME ALL BLOOD
AND BODY FLUIDS ARE
CONTAMINATED AND
POTENTIALLY HARMFUL
TO YOUR HEALTH.
Steps to consider for Universal Precautions
2. WASH HANDS AND
WORK SURFACES
FREQUENTLY.
Steps to consider for Universal Precautions
3. AVOID CONTACT WITH
SHARP OBJECTS.
4. USE GLOVES AND
OTHER PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WHEN YOU ANTICIPATE
EXPOSURE TO BLOOD OR
OTHER BODILY FLUIDS.
Steps to consider for Universal Precautions
5. WASH YOUR HANDS
IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING
EXPOSURE
Steps to consider for Universal Precautions
6. DISPOSE OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
SAFELY USING
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
LIKE A SHARPS BOX FOR
NEEDLE DISPOSAL.
WORKPLACE TRANSMISSION
• Accidental Injury
• Injury that may occur from broken glass, sharp
metal, needles, knives or even exposed
orthodontic wires.
• Indirect Transmission
• Occurs from contact with an object or surface
contaminated with infectious material and then
transferred to your mouth, nose, eyes or open skin.
When an Injury Occurs
Assess the situation
Administer First Aid
Report the Incident
Assess the Situation
Take a moment to
collect yourself so you
can approach the
situation.
Be calm and reassure the victim
Assess the severity of the injury
Avoid exposing yourself to blood or other bodily fluids without
precautions
ADMINISTER FIRST AID
 When blood or other bodily fluid is present, put on a
pair of gloves first!
 If bleeding is severe you can hand gauze to the
individual for them to apply pressure to the wound.
 If you are accidentally exposed to blood or another
fluid in the course of first aid, wash the exposed area
with an antibacterial soap and water as soon as
possible.
 If your eyes, nose or mouth have been exposed, flush
them with running water.
REPORT THE INCIDENT
o Report the exposure to
your preceptor
immediately in case there
is a need for additional
medical attention.
o Complete the Bodily Fluid
Exposure Report
immediately and give to
your preceptor. Your
preceptor will then
contact the Program
Director to report the
exposure.
CONTROLS IN PLACE TO PREVENT EXPOSURE
• Engineering Controls
– Isolates or removes the blood
borne pathogen from the
work place.
– Physical or mechanical
systems that eliminates the
hazards at the source
– Example: sharps disposal
container & biohazard
containers
– Eye wash system
• Work Practice Controls
– Reduces the likelihood of
exposure by altering the
manner in which the task is
performed.
– Hand washing
– Personal Hygiene
– Cover area that is soiled until
proper cleansing done
– Frequent cleaning of
treatment tables
HANDWASHING
• Hand washing is one of the simplest and
most effective practices used to present
transmission of blood borne pathogens.
• Take 2 paper towels and put under arm
• Turn on warm water and put soap on
hands
• Rub for 20 seconds vigorously, getting
fingers, hands, wrists and fingernails.
• Rinse thoroughly & use one towel to turn
off faucet
• Use 2nd towel to dry hands and open door.
PERSONAL HYGIENE
• Use good judgment when working in areas with
potential exposure.
• Refrain from eating, drinking or applying lip balm or
cosmetics where there is a likelihood of exposure.
• Don’t keep food or drink in refrigerators or on
countertops where there is potential for infectious
material
• Minimize splashing or spraying of droplets when
attending to an injury
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT—
”PPE”
• To protect yourself, it is
essential to have a
barrier between you
and the potentially
infectious material.
• Gloves, goggles, masks
and aprons should be
used appropriately with
the task and degree of
exposure.
Gloves
o Gloves provide a barrier and shall be worn if contact with
any body fluid is anticipated.
o When using disposable gloves do not attempt to wash or
decontaminate them.
o When contaminated, torn, or punctured, replace gloves
immediately or as soon as feasible.
o Prior to putting on gloves, long hair should be pulled back
and secured with a clip to keep it off your face.
o This is to avoid the necessity of brushing it out of the way
with potentially contaminated gloved hands.
o Practice putting on and removing gloves using the following
procedure. This aids in the prevention of accidental
exposure.
Glove Removal Procedure
1. Gather any contaminated material and hold it in
one hand.
2.Using the index finger of the opposite hand, pull
the outside surface of the glove downward towards
the fingers (turning the glove inside out and
avoiding contact with your skin).
3.Continue holding glove with opposite gloved
hand.
Glove Removal Procedure (continued)
4. Slide the index finger of your bare hand
inside the glove on the opposite hand
(avoiding contact with the outside
contaminated surface of the glove).
5. Peel off glove turning it inside out around
the other glove.
6. Holding the inside non-contaminated side
of the glove, place it into a proper biohazard
container.
7. Thoroughly wash hands with disinfectant
soap and warm water.
ADDITIONAL PPE
• Gowns/aprons
– Gowns are used to protect the clothing of the wearer from
becoming saturated and causing an exposure incident.
– These are used in situations where the potential for
spraying or splashing of blood or body fluids exists.
– They should also be used during the clean-up process
when large amounts of blood and other body fluids are
present.
• Eye Protection
– Goggles, chin-length face shields, and glasses with solid
side shields provide protection from splattering fluids and
protection from incidental touching of eyes and/or face
with gloved hands.
ATHLETIC TRAINING CLINIC
RESTRICTIONS
• In the AT CLINIC (ATCL) where there is reasonable
likelihood of exposure, students are not to eat, drink,
apply cosmetics, smoke, or handle contact lenses.
• Do not store food or beverages in or around areas
such as shelves, cabinets, or on bench tops where
blood or other potentially infectious materials are
present.
Post Evaluation
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TRUE OR FALSE
Universal precautions refers to the infectious disease control systems, that
assumes every direct contact with body fluids is infectious and requires every
employee exposed to be protected as though all body fluids are infected with
bloodborne diseases.
Universal Precautions Training is required by the Occupational Safety Health
Administration (OSHA) to limit the threat of Bloodborne Pathogens in the work
place.
Every school employee must understand the dangers of infection and safe
practices to minimize risk.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are 2 disease
specifically addressed by the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Symptoms of the disease range from
jaundice, flu like symptoms to none at all.
Hepatitis B virus can survive in dried blood for up to 7 days at room
temperature.
Post evaluation continued:
7. The Hepatitis B vaccine series is an effective tool against the Hepatitis B Virus. It is
suggested you receive the vaccine if you work in a high risk area.
8. HIV attacks the body’s immune system causing the disease known as AIDS and/or
other opportunistic infections.
9. Symptoms of HIV include night sweats, weight loss, muscle and joint pain.
10. The HIV is fragile and does not survive very long outside the body.
11.Presently, there is no vaccine to prevent HIV.
12.Transmission of bloodborne diseases in the work place include accidental injury &
indirect transmission.
13.Accidential injury may occur from contaminated objects like broken glass, needles,
knives and sharp metal including orthodontic wires.
14.Indirect transmission happens when you touch a contaminated surface or object
and then transfer the infections to you nose, mouth, eyes or open skin.
Post evaluation continued
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
An ECP (Exposure Control Plan) involves engineering controls and work
place practices that outline a system of safeguards and barriers to
reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens to employees.
Handwashing is one of the simplest and most effective practices used to
prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
When an injury occurs, it is important to assess the situation first,
before administering first aid.
A sharps container for needles is an example of engineering controls in
the work place.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn utilized to reduce
the risk of exposure. Gloves should be worn whenever needed to
prevent contact.
The Hepatitis B vaccine series is offered cost free to employees at risk
for exposure, and whenever there is an exposure incident in the work
place.
Post Evaluation Answers
Congratulations if you answered all as TRUE