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They affect over 50 million people over age 18
in the United States
Many have a median onset as early as 13 years
of age
Indirect and direct economic costs associated
with treatment of anxiety disorder was $46.6
billion as late as 2004
May interfere with being able to form and
sustain relationships
May interfere with obtaining or sustaining
employment
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Panic attack
Panic Disorder
without agoraphobia
Panic Disorder with
agoraphobia
ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder
Substance induced
Anxiety Disorder
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Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
Disorder
Anxiety Disorder due
to a general medical
condition
Anxiety Disorder Not
otherwise specified
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A discrete period in which there is the sudden
onset of intense apprehension, fearfulness, or
terror, often associated with feeling of
impending doom. During these attacks,
symptoms such as shortness of breath,
palpitations, chest pain or discomfort, choking
or smothering sensations, and fear of “going
crazy” or losing control are present.
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1) palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
2) sweating
3) trembling or shaking
4) sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
5) feeling of choking
6) chest pain or discomfort
7) nausea or abdominal distress
8) feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
9) derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization
(being detached from oneself)
10) fear of losing control or going crazy
11) fear of dying
12) paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
13) chills or hot flushes
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Is anxiety about, or avoidance of, places or
situations from which escape might be difficult
(or embarrassing) or in which help may not be
available in the event of having a Panic Attack
or panic-like symptoms.
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characterized by clinically
significant anxiety provoked
by exposure to a specific
feared object or situation,
often leading to avoidance
behavior.
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Is characterized by clinically
significant anxiety provoked by
exposure to certain types of
social or performance situations,
often leading to avoidance
behaviors.
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Is characterized by obsessions
(which cause marked anxiety or
distress) and/or by compulsions
(which serve to neutralize
anxiety).
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Is characterized by the reexperiencing of an extremely
traumatic event accompanied by
symptoms of increased arousal
and by avoidance of stimuli
associated with the trauma.
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Is characterized by symptoms
similar to those of Posttraumatic
Stress that occur immediately in
the aftermath of an extremely
traumatic event.
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Is characterized by at least 6
months of persistent and
excessive anxiety and worry.
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Is characterized by prominent
symptoms of anxiety that are
judged to be a direct
physiological consequence of a
general medical condition.
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Is included for coding disorders
with prominent anxiety or phobia
avoidance that do not meet criteria
for any of the specific Anxiety
Disorders defined in the DSM-IV-TR
(or anxiety symptoms about which
there is inadequate or contradictory
information).
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Common characteristics:
Brief
Easy to administer
Easy to score
Easy to interpret
Little knowledge of testing procedure needed
Most are self-report
Most are done in 15 minutes
87 item 7 point, likert-based
questionnaire that assesses beliefs
considered characteristic of
obsessive thinking.
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assesses the overestimation of threat from
potentially contaminated objects.
42 item self-report measure of the
frequency of OCD symptoms and
distress experienced from them in the
past month.
20 item self report measure compromised
of two subscales which assess
compulsive behaviors in OCD---harm
avoidance and incompleteness
10 item, 5-point Likert scale measuring
the severity and frequency of obsessions
and compulsions experienced during a
day.
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14 item instrument that focuses thoughts
ands somatic modes of trait anxiety and
is used to assess the presence of general
anxiety in situations.
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26 item, 3-point Likert, self-report
measurement that assesses DSM-IV
symptoms of PTSD for multiple traumatic
experiences.
To obtain scale, contact
Melvyn Hammarberg, PhD
Department of Anthropology
University of Pennsylvania
325 University Museum
33rd and Spruce Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398
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43 item, 5-point Likert, self-report
measure associated with 17 DSM
symptoms embedded in the scale and
items measuring general distress.
17 item, 11 point Likert, self-report
measure used to measure and assess
DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD. Useful for
those multi-traumatic events and
unknown trauma history.
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21 item self report inventory.
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders fourth edition. (2000). Arlington, VA.:
American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
Dziegielewski, S.F. (2010). Dsm-iv-tr in action
2nd edition. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley
& Sons
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Mayo Clinic Staff, (2010). Treatments and
drugs. Mayo clinic. Retrieved October 25, 2010,
from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/panicattacks/DS00338/DSECTION=treatments-anddrugs
Autism research asd-carc. (2007). Retrieved from
http://www.asdcarc.com/index.php/publishe
r/articleview/?PHXSESSID=7361595bf597d985
3f375f838eff96d3&/1/frmArticleID/421/staticI
d/1253/#A9