One of the first discoveries of the importance of
vitamins came in the 1700s.
A Scottish doctor, James Lind, discovered that sailors
who were fed citrus fruits recovered from scurvy.
Today, health scientists know that scurvy is caused by
a lack of vitamin C, which is found in abundance in
citrus fruits.
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Nutrients that are made by living things, are required
only in small amounts, and that assist many
chemical reactions in the body are vitamins.
There are two classes of vitamins
fat-soluble vitamins—dissolve in fatty material
water-soluble vitamins—dissolve in water
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Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored by the body
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins
Sources of fat-soluble vitamins are
vegetable oils
liver
eggs
certain vegetables
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Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored by the
body.
Examples of water-soluble vitamins are C and all of
the B vitamins.
Sources of water-soluble vitamins are
fruits
vegetables
whole-grain foods
and many other foods
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Vitamins called antioxidants help protect healthy
cells from the damage caused by the normal aging
process as well as from certain types of cancer.
Vitamins C and E are two of the most powerful
antioxidants.
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Your body requires only small amounts of minerals,
which are nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and
soil.
You need seven minerals—calcium, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and
sulfur—in significant amounts.
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Calcium is important in blood clotting and the
functioning of your nervous system.
It is an essential ingredient in the formation and
maintenance of bones and teeth.
A lack of calcium can sometimes lead to osteoporosis,
a condition in which the bones gradually weaken.
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Potassium and sodium work together to maintain
water balance in the body.
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Iron is necessary for healthy red blood cells.
If a person’s diet does not include enough iron, he or
she may develop anemia, a condition in which the
red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin.
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Sodium is important in several body processes,
including the functioning of the heart and water
balance.
Too much sodium can cause a problem with blood
pressure.
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Vitamin and mineral supplements, therefore, are not
usually necessary if your diet is nutritious and wellbalanced.
An excess, or overdose, of vitamins or minerals may
damage your health.
If you do take a vitamin or mineral supplement, a
health care provider can advise you about how much
is the right amount.
Slide 18 of 27
 Deficiency
disease
 Phytochemicals
 Niacin
 Major Minerals
 Trace Minerals
 Bioavailability
 Megadose
 Folic Acid
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Water-soluble
vitamins
 Fat-soluble
vitamins
1.
A.
B.
C.
What are the two categories of vitamins?
How are they different?
Give examples of each.
2. A. How long have vitamins and minerals been
known about?
B. How does technology help?
C. How has this knowledge made some diseases
less likely?
3. How are vitamins and minerals different?
One of the first _____________________ of the
importance of vitamins came in the _____________.
A ________________ doctor,
_____________________, discovered that
_______________ who were fed citrus fruits
recovered from ______________.
Today, health scientists know that _______________
is caused by a lack of ___________________, which
is found in ____________________ in citrus fruits.
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27
___________________ that are made by living
things, are required only in ___________ amounts,
and that assist many ________________ reactions
in the body are ___________________.
There are ____ classes of vitamins
___________________ vitamins—dissolve in fatty
material
_____________________vitamins—dissolve in
water
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Fat-soluble _____________ can be stored by the
body
Vitamins __________________________________
are fat-soluble vitamins
Sources of fat-soluble vitamins are
vegetable oils
_______________
eggs
certain vegetables
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Water-soluble vitamins __________________ be
___________________ by the
_____________.
_________________ of water-soluble ____________
are C and all of the ______ vitamins.
Sources of water-soluble vitamins are
________________________
vegetables
______________________________
and many other foods
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Vitamins called _________________________ help
protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the
________________ aging ________________ as well
as from certain types of _____________________.
Vitamins _______ and _________ are ________ of the
most _____________________ antioxidants.
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Your body _________________ only small amounts of
_____________________, which are nutrients that occur
_____________________ in rocks and ____________.
You need __________ minerals—calcium, ____________,
potassium, ______________, phosphorus, __________,
and sulfur—in significant _______________.
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__________________ is important in _____________
clotting and the __________________ of your
______________________ system.
It is an _________________ ingredient in the formation
and _________________________ of ______________
and teeth.
A ____________ of calcium can sometimes _______ to
________________________, a condition in which the
______________ gradually ___________________.
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________________________ and
____________________ work together to maintain
water _______________ in the _______________.
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Iron is necessary for healthy
_____________________________________.
If a person’s __________ does not include __________
iron, he or she may develop _________________, a
___________________ in which the red blood cells do
not contain enough ___________________________.
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____________________ is important in
________________ body ____________________,
including the functioning of the _______________ and
water __________________.
___________ much ___________________can cause a
problem with _________________________.
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____________________ and mineral supplements,
therefore, are not usually __________________ if your
diet is nutritious and _______________________.
An _________________, or overdose, of
_________________ or minerals may
_______________ your _____________________.
If you do take a vitamin or mineral
_____________________, a health care
________________ can advise you about _________
much is the ___________________ amount.
Slide 38 of 27
 Deficiency
disease
 Phytochemicals
 Niacin
 Major Minerals
 Trace Minerals
 Bioavailability
 Megadose
 Folic Acid
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Water-soluble
vitamins
 Fat-soluble
vitamins
1.
A.
B.
C.
What are the two categories of vitamins?
How are they different?
Give examples of each.
2. A. How long have vitamins and minerals been
known about?
B. How does technology help?
C. How has this knowledge made some diseases
less likely?
3. How are vitamins and minerals different?