Gloria Manuel, Marlene Marquez, and Jennifer Nguyen
University of Colorado Denver
Fall 2013
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HPV is the most common and most costly
sexually transmitted disease worldwide
Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by the
Human papillomavirus (HPV) strains 16 & 18
◦ About12,000 cervical cancer cases per year
◦ About 4,000 cervical cancer deaths per year
(National Cancer Institute, SEER Data, 2013)
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Approximately 42.5% of U.S. women are
infected with HPV at some point in their lives
(American Cancer Society, 2012)
1999-2007
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2009.
(JNCI, 2012 )
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HPV Vaccine Recommendations:
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Gardasil and Cervarix
Females ages 11-26: 11-17 and 18-26 years old
Males ages 11-21
3 doses over 6 months
Reducing Behavioral Risks
◦ Regular use of condoms
◦ Limiting the number of partners
(ACS, 2012)
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HPV Testing Recommendations
◦ Age 30 or older
◦ Abnormal Pap smears
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Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations
◦ Beginning at age 21
◦ Ages 21 to 29 - Pap test every 3 years
◦ Ages 30 to 65 - Pap test and HPV test every 5 years;
OR a Pap test alone every 3 years.
(ACS, 2012; CDC, 2013)
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HPV infection
Diet
Smoking
Poverty
Oral Contraceptives
Family History
(ACS, 2012)
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Healthy People 2020’s objective for cervical
cancer is to reduce the mortality rate by 10%
Baseline:
2.4 uterine cervix cancer
deaths per 100,000
females occurred in 2007
(age adjusted to the year
200 standard population
Target:
2.2 deaths per 100,000
females
Target-Setting Method:
10 percent improvement
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Cost and Access to Care
Cultural Beliefs/Language
Lack of Knowledge/Literacy
Misconceptions
Psychological Factors
Patient/Parents Factors/
Acceptance
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Parental consent/acceptance
Barriers for parents
Physicians/pediatricians beliefs and attitudes
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Addressing cost issue
Education
Engaging health care workers
Culturally-tailored interventions
Engage friends and family
Empowering Latinas
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Discuss cost issue with patients
Financial assistance (e.g., cover cost, co-pays)
Work with the Vaccines for Children program
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Culturally tailored educational materials to
increase HPV and vaccines knowledge
◦ Use different methods to educate
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Radionovelas
Pamphlets in Spanish
Magazines/Newspapers in Spanish
Focus groups – both adolescents and parents
Provide pediatricians with resources and
trainings on how to approach parents
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Engaging health care workers
◦ Using Promotoras
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Culturally tailored interventions
◦ Address barriers to community (i.e. transportation
problems), use community-based methods, include
schools, churches, etc.
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Engaging friends and family
◦ Educating parents, peers, siblings
◦ Having informative sessions for parents-only
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Empowering women to advocate for
themselves and their children
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NBCLatino.com
HPV in boys and men
Life of HPV vaccine
Continue building
culturally-tailored
research and
interventions for
Latinas