Kracht- en coördinatietraining,
een integratieve benadering
Frans&Bosch&
!
Fontys,&WRU,&Japan&Rugby
Conclusion;
Strength-training is coordination-training
under increased resistance
!
!
Strength-training has to satisfy the laws of
motor-learning.
Robustness may be more important in injury
prevention than higher force production
The majority of literature
on strength training is
oriented towards
mechanics to the
extreme, even to the
extent that Sir Isaac
Newton might well appear
to be a more important
founder of the theory of
strength training than all
the neurophysiologists
that lived in the centuries
after him combined.
current biomechanics is mainly based on Newtonian laws
2011
Ralph Mann
Why not „biology”?
current biomechanics is mainly based on Newtonian laws
The assumption that Newtonian laws can explain
performances dominates current models in S&C and even
rehab protocols in (sports)physiotherapy
“why do (bigger) numbers not add up to better
protection against injuries?”
6
Is proprioceptive training the alternative for rehab?
Basic motor properties
Basic motor properties
S
S
E
C
F
p e e d
t r e n g t h
n d u r a n c e
o o r d i n a t i o n
l e x i b i l i t y
Speed
Basic motor
properties
!
!
Strength
!
!
Coordination
speed-training
strength-training
technique-training
9
Basic biomotor properties
S
S
E
C
F
p e e d
t r e n g t h
n d u r a n c e
o o r d i n a t i o n
l e x i b i l i t y
“Speed is non existing”
Willem van Hanegem
“Strength is not existing either”
Frans Bosch
“And the concept of basic motor properties does not make any sense”
Frans Bosch
10
“old school”
Speed
Basic motor
properties
!
!
Strength
!
!
Coordination
speed-training
strength-training
technique-training
This needs to meet two criteria:
!
- the basic motor property needs to be a independent entity (clear distinction
between what belongs to it and what not).
- there needs to be a guaranteed automated transfer of the basic motor
quality from one motor pattern to an other motor pattern.
!
There is massive evidence that the concept of BMP does not meet these
criteria!
11
increase in strength
strength
inter-muscular
coordination
intramuscular
coordination
hypertrophy
time (weeks)
Strength as a function of coordination
Rate of Force Development
decreasing influence slack
increasing forces on bones
28
SEC
SEC parts
24
CE
force
SEC
PEC
lenghthchange (mm)
PEC
20
CE parts
16
take off
12
8
4
0
stretch
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
time (msec)
a
b (vertical squatjump)
F (force) and
T(timing)perfect
!
!
!T = 0,01 sec
!off
!
!
! F >>
! or
! F <<
max. jump
hight =
50 cm
hight =
} jump
17 cm
hight =
} jump
17 cm
Torque without the corrections from muscle
properties makes control very difficult
VU amsterdam
force
stretch
v Soest Bobbert!
VU amsterdam
Torque with the
corrections from
muscle properties
Torque without the
corrections from
muscle properties
Peak force
RFD
Counter movement as a solution
But also cause of injury
slack in elastic muscle behavior
PRETENSIONRELEASE
slack
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
energy transport
No slack because of extra weight
The need for deceleration
explosive benchpress
with high weight
benchthrow with empty bar
optimized by going
from motion in
the sagittal plane
to longitudinal axis
rotation
optimized by going
from sagittal to
frontal plane
motion
sagittal plane
amortization
frontal plane
amortization
Peak force
good enough
and
robust
The need for deceleration
Benefits of co-contractions
slack in elastic muscle behavior
PRETENSIONRELEASE
B
A
B
A
F
A
B
Preflexes, the role of
cocontractions
0
v
Recent findings suggest that the CNS simplifies motor control by constraining
muscles to be activated in fixed groups, or synergies, where each synergy is defined as a set of
muscles recruited by a single neural command signal. Complex muscle activation patterns in a
wide range of motor tasks including locomotion, finger spelling, and postural tasks, can be
into the summed activation of just a few muscle
synergies (d'Avella and Bizzi 2005; d'Avella et al. 2003; Ivanenko et al. 2003, 2004;
decomposed
Krishnamoorthy et al. 2003; Poppele and Bosco 2003; Poppele et al. 2002; Ting and
Macpherson 2005; Tresch et al. 1999; Weiss and Flanders 2004). A muscle synergy control
simplifying strategy for the control of
complex movements because it reduces the number of output
patterns that the nervous system must specify for a large number of muscles yet
allows flexibility in the final expression of muscle activation.
structure provides an attractive
Crucial concept in physiotherapy?
Conclusion;
!
Co-contractions and synergies serve an
important role in protecting the anatomy.
!
Classic strength training only has limited
positive effect on robustness
Toepassing in revalidatie
The classic approach
Panjabi 2003 & o’Sullivan 2005
Preflex control
Proprioception
Faseovergang;
Een element (de bol) is in een stabiele positie
(1).
Een verstoring (de paarse pijl) verbreekt
deze stabiliteit (2).
Het element komt in een instabiele positie (3)
en verspringt vervolgens naar een andere
stabiele positie (4).
!
De overgangen verlopen plotseling, zoals de
overgang tussen gaan en lopen
lichaamszwaartepunt
dynamic patterns approach
Phase transitions in control
high intensity control
low intensity control
the model of phase transitions
or
the 3 step model of stability training
Is het aanleren van een
perfecte houding
relevant voor de werkelijkheid?
Is het aanleren van een
perfecte houding
relevant voor de werkelijkheid?
Examples: knee stability in
functional patterns
VMO training enough?
de oplossing voor de Trendelenburgers?
6
pelvic drop + adduction +
endorotation!
!
!
friction syndrome of the
lateral femoral condyle!
!
patello femoral pain and
patello tendon injuries
The majority of literature on strength
training is oriented towards mechanics
to the extreme, even to the extent that
Sir Isaac Newton might well appear to
be a more important founder of the
theory of strength training than all the
neurophysiologists that lived in the
centuries after him combined.
Conclusion;
Strength-training is coordination-training
under increased resistance
!
!
Strength-training has to satisfy the laws of
motor-learning.
Robustness may be more important in injury
prevention than higher force production