Emily
语音的基本范畴
★ 语音是组成语言最 基本的要素之
一，也是学好一门语言的关键，对于
儿童英语学习而言，语音则是培养其
儿童听、说、读写能力的基础。
语音对于幼儿语言学习的影响
★心理语言学家证明，与成人相比儿童
音域宽、语音的可塑性大，负迁移小，
易形成地道的语音、语调。所以教师
应从语音入手，抓好语音基础教学。
浅析英音之于美音
vs
★美国英语里见r要发卷舌音，英国英语里没有卷舌音；bird/door/car
★美国英语用的是口腔“后部发声方法”，英国英语用的是口腔“深后部发
声方法”；
★美国英语速度慢，语调爱用平拖腔，就像汉语里的一声，英国英语愿意用
降调，就像汉语里的四声；
★美国英语因发音外露而音形对应规律明显，英国英语因发音内含而音形对
应规律被隐藏。
语音教学对于幼儿教学的重要性
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（一）模仿是儿童学习语音的先天优势
（二）语音对儿童阅读能力的影响
（三）语音影响儿童与他人沟通能力
（一）模仿是儿童学习语音的先天优势
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学习语音的主要手段是模仿, 这种模仿是从听觉定向活动开始的, 经过在脑分析
器的作用, 然后由心理运动器官的操练而完成的 。儿童学习有着天生的模仿力，
儿童可模仿各种声音，因为他们的发音器官非常有弹性，可顺应不同的语音系统
雕塑形状。因此儿童学习第二语言，较成人更加容易获得纯正、地道的第二语言
发音。所以在儿童时期学习英语语言打好语音基础很有必要。
（二）语音对儿童阅读能力的影响
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语音意识是影响英语阅读能力的关键因素。在国外的许多研究中,都发现语音意识
在儿童阅读能力发展中的重要地位。其中较为著名的有Bradley 和Brayant 所进
行的一项为期3 年的追踪研究。结果发现:阅读困难儿童在反映语言发展水平的语
音意识测验中得分显著低于正常儿童,语音意识与儿童的阅读能力间存在着因果关
系。因此在幼儿园、小学阶段建立良好的语音基础非常有必要。
（三）语音影响儿童与他人沟通能力
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创造一个自由、宽松的语言交往环境，支持、鼓励、吸引学生与教师、同伴或其
他人交谈，体验语言交流的乐趣。只有发准了音，学生才能正确地表达自己的意
愿和要求。语音不好的学生不但与他人交流存在困难，同时也影响幼儿身心各方
面健康的发展。因此，提高儿童运用语言的能力，学好语音是关键。
26个英文字母的正音
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Aa [ei]
Bb [bi:]
Cc [si:]
Dd [di:]
Ee [i:]
[ef]
Gg [ʤi:]
Hh [eiʧ ]
Ii [ai]
J j [ʤei]
Kk [kei]
L l [el]
Mm [em]
N n [en]
Oo [ǝʊ ]
Pp [pi:]
Qq [kju:] Rr [ɑ:]
Ss [es]
Tt [ti:]
Uu [ju:]
Vv [vi:]
Ww [‘dʌblju:]
Xx [eks]
Yy [wai]
Zz [zi:]/[zed]
Ff
26个字母的书写
字母操的教学
Aa--apple
Bb--bird
Cc--cat
Dd--dog
Ee--elephant
Ff--fish
Gg--girl
Hh--house
I i--it J j--jeep
K k--kite L l--lion
Mm--mouse
N n--nose
O o--ox
P p--pig
Q q--queen
R r--rabbit
S s--snake
T t--tiger
U u--umbrella
V v--violin
W w--wind
X x--box
Y y—yo-yo
Z z--zoo
20以内数字的正音
■1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine 10 ten
■ 11 eleven
12 twelve
■ 13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
国际音标
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英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，
20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个
似拼音
元音
12个单元音
长元音 [i:] [ə:] [O:] [u:] [a:]
短元音 [i] [e] [o] [u] [ə] [ ] [e]
8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [ie]
[Ce] [ue] [ u] [au]
辅音10对
清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S]
[tS] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z]
[dZ] [dr] [dz]
3个鼻音 [m] [n] [ ]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]
2个半元音 [w] [j]
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巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。
双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。
辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，
有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
基本单词的正音
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three thank month
zoo
zebra zipper
nine neck net
food moon stool
happy cloudy thirsty
low nose toe
cat bag sad
kite my write
down house about
tree try trousers
student study stone
street stream straight
television pleasure vision
this the weather
dog doll job
good look foot
song see sit
teacher chair children
fish English sheep
letter beg set
horse door small call
rabbit ruler red
speak sport spring
school skirt sky
dry draw drink
juice jelly sandwich
教师课堂用语
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GREETINGS
ROLL CALL
CLASSROOM RULES
GAMES
PRAISE&ENCOURAGEMENT
DISCIPLINE&CONTROL
COMMANDS&INSTRUCTIONS
BEGINNING &ENDING THE CLASS
GREETINGS
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1. Hello/Hi!
2. How are you feeling today?
3. Good morning. /Good afternoon./Good evening.
4. How are you? Fine, thank you.
5.Nice to see you (again)!/Nice to meet you./Glad to see you!
6.How are you doing today? Fine./Good./Not bad/So so.
7.See you next time.
8.See you (later/tomorrow).
9.Goodbye/Bye bye.
ROLL CALL
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1. Is everyone here? Yes/No.
2. Who is not here?
3.When teacher calls your name, please stand up and say “I’m here.”
4.Do you remember your name?
5.Is xxx here?
6.Who is not here? XXX is not here.
7.Why are you late?
8.What’s the matter?
CLASSROOM RULES
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
No Chinese!
Obey the rules!
No talking!
Speak loudly!
Do actions!
GAMES
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Let’s play a game.
Are you ready?
One, two, three, go!
Who is the first one? I’m the first one.
Who is the winner? We are winners!
Who wants to try?
It’s your turn.
Please follow
me.
I will divide you into two teams. You are the Apple team, and you are
the Banana team.
Really? Are you sure? Yes, I’m sure.
When I say your name, please stand up.
Let’s count. “one, two, three~~”
Louder, please.
Let’s form a line.
Let’s make
a circle.
Better luck next time.
Don’t feel bad. You will win next time.
Quickly!
Come on!
GAMES
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Let’s jump/run/hop/walk/hand in hand.
Clap your hands.
Stamp your feet.
Raise your hands.
Wave your arms.
Show me your ~~
Squat down.
Stretch your legs/arms.
Nod your head./ Shake your head.
Close your eyes./ Open your eyes.
Read after me, please.
Open your books and turn to page X.
All together please.
Let’s chant!
Can you read it?
Let’s sing a song.
Yes or no?
Do you like it?
Let’s listen to the music.
Come here.
Go there.
Stand up./Sit down.
Turn around.
Hands up./Hands down.
Put up your hands./ Put down your hands.
Pick up the cards.
Point to the cards.
PRAISE&ENCOURAGEMENT
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1. Good/Very good!
3. Well done!
5. Excellent!
good job.
7. Wonderful!
9.Great! (You are great!)
11.Good idea.
clever.
13.I believe you can answer it.
15.Take it easy.
17.You can do it.
much.
19.You are a smart boy/girl.
2. Have a try, OK?
4. Bravo!
6.You did
8. Sounds good.
10.Perfect!
12.You are so
14.Try it again.
16.You are right.
18.I like it very
DISCIPLINE&CONTROL
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1. Be quiet.
2. Go back to your seat.
3. Listen carefully.
4. Sit straight!
5. Pay attention.
6. Look at me!
7.Please stop talking.
8.Don’t push others.
9You are too noisy, please stop.
10.Please don’t make noise.
11.Mary, Mary, Let me try! (Mary is teacher’s name.)
COMMANDS&INSTRUCTIONS
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1. Open/close your book.
2. Look at the board.
3. Put your book aside.
4. All together now.
5. Raise your hand.
6. One more time/once again!
7. Repeat after me.
8. Look here!
BEGINNING &ENDING THE CLASS
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1. Time for class.
2. Time’s up.
3. Let’s begin/start.
4. Class is over.
5. That’s all for today.
6. Let’s take a break.
7.Let’s start.
8.Shall we begin? Yes, let’s begin.
9.What do you want to know today?
9.Please look at me.
10.Break time.
11.So much for today.
12.Let’s sing “goodbye” song together
语调
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通过培训受训教师的发音语调标准正确；能够熟练运用各种语气营造和烘托课堂
气氛。
常见基本句型语调要求：
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1.陈述句为降调：常见句型
2.一般疑问句为升调 ：
Is it… ? Do you like…? Can you…?
Have you got a …? Are you….?
3.特殊疑问句为降调：
What/Why/Where/What time
Whose/How many/Which/Who is/are/am…?
4.选择疑问句为前升后降：Is it a …or a …? Do you want …. or ….?
5.祈使句为降调: Please ...
Put …
Don't ..
语气
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帮助教师营造情景气氛及活动游戏气氛
1.情景气氛语气：happy/sad/angry/crazy/foolish/proud/scared/afraid
2.活动气氛语气：热烈，激情，具有带动性