Project Synopsis
Automatic Multi-level Car Parking
SUBMITTED BY:
Rahul Verma (0510133075
Shashank Jain (0510133091)
Shrey Jain (0510133094)
Siddharth Singh (0510133096
Automatic Multi-level
Parking System
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A Schematic
Diagram of the
Parking System
Abstract
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Basic multilevel car parking system with two floors.
Multi floor.
4 sensors on each floor.
Along with these 8 sensors ,separate sensors for each
floor.
When we press a start switch then lift is to be on and
immediate sense the space in the parking slots
If the space is available then lift start and stop on
particular floor, which is displayed in the LCD.
If no space is available.
If all the space are vacant.
Component List
STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
220 TO 9 VOLT AC- 750 MA
VARIABLE RESISTOR
4. 7 K OHM
DIODE
IN 4007 ( 2)
OPTOCOUPLER
PC 817 (2)
CAPACITOR
1000MFD(2) 16 VOLT
NPN TRANSITOR (2)
BC 548/547
REGULATOR
7805 ( 3 PIN REGULATOR) 1A
PNP TRANSISTOR(2)
BC 558/557
RESISTOR: FIXED
470 OHM.(3), 10 K OHM (1), 4,7 K
(2)
DC MOTOR
( GEAR SLOW SPEED 9-12 VOLT250 MA)
REED SENSOR (10)
CRYSTAL
LCD - 2 BY 16
DISC CAPACITOR -27 PF (2)
PUSH TO ON START SWITCH
1
- 12 MHz
Pin Diagram
Power Supply
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In this project we use 5 volt regulated power supply. For
this purpose we use one step down transformer with full
wave rectifier circuit. In the rectifier circuit we use two
diode as a full wave rectifier. One 1000mfd capacitor as
a filter capacitor to convert pulsating dc into smooth dc.
Output of the rectifier is not regulated, so for regulated
power supply we use ic 7805 as a regulator. Output of
the 7805 regulator is connected to the one led with
resistance in series . Led work as a power indication
circuit.
Here step down transformer is a center tap transformer.
We use center tap transformer in full wave rectifier
circuit.
Sensor
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In this project we use reed switch as a sensor. Reed switch is a
special magnetic proximity sensor. When this reed sensor is
activate by the external magnetic field then reed sensor is activate
automatically . In the reed sensor there is two wires inside the glass
casing. When external magnetic field is effect the sensor then these
plated join together and become short automatically.
We use this sensor in our project to sense the position of the car
and position of the lift on floor. When lift move then its searching the
reed sensor for stoppage. We paste one magnet with the lift ,
when lift move up-wards then magnet search the sensor. As the
sensor is sensed by the magnet then lift stop there automatically.
So whenever we want to stop the lift or check the position of the
vehicle then every time we search the magnetic sensor.
When any car park on the desired position then sensor activate and
provide a signal to the controller. Controller check the change of
voltage on this pin and save this data for auto sensing logic.
Microcontroller Interface
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In this project we use 8051 controller to interface all the inputs and
output. In the input device we use 10 sensor, one start switch, and
in output we use one lcd as a display and one motor to move upward and down word.
The brain inside the controller is to control all these inputs and
output and perform perfectally. 8051 is basically a INTEL IC but
now in these days is available with many company. We use ATMEL
89s51 series with advance feature than 8051 . ATMEL 89s51 is a
40 pin controller with 128 bytes of ram and 4 k byte of rom inside.
Pin no 40 of the controller is connected to the positive 5 volt power
supply.
We provide a 5 volt regulated power supply on this pin. Pin no 9 is
reset pin and this pin is connected to the one capacitor and resistor
network to provide a auto reset option, when controller is wake up .
For manually reset we connect one push to on switch in parallel with
the capacitor to provide a manual reset option. Pin no 20 is
connected to the ground pin. Pin no 18 and 19 is connected to the
external crystal to provide a constant oscillation to the circuit. Two
capacitor’s are grounded from the crystal pins to provide a
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First floor stoppage sensor is p3.2 and second floor stoppage
sensor is p3.3. Start switch of this project is p3.0. On this start
switch either we connect a start switch or we connect a infra red
sensor . In the case of infra red sensor when car is enter in the
parking position then lift sense automatically and start.
Motor of the lift is connected to the p2.0 and p2.1 . Output of
these pins is connected to the opto coupler circuit. Here we use
pc 817 opto coupler to provide a electrical isolation between
motor control circuit and micro controller.
Output from the controller is connected to the cathode of infra
red led through 470 ohm resistor. When controller is on then
infra red led is on due to negative output from the controller.
When infra red led inside the coupler is on then this light drive
the internal phototransistor of the coupler.
Output from the coupler is now connected to the H bridge circuit.
In the H bridge circuit we use four transistor circuit with one dc
motor. In the H bridge we use four transistor circuit. In this four
transistor circuit two transistor’s are NPN and two transistor’s
are PNP .
With the help of these four transistor we control the direction of
the motor. Not only control the direction of motor but at the
same time these transistor share the load of the motor directly.
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Port p0 of the controller is connected to the LCD
directly. Here we use port p0 with the data pins of the
ASCII code.
LCD display only the ascii code. In the programming
we convert the digital code in to ascii code by adding
30h in any binary number. So to provide a data in the
lcd we send these code by the 8 data lines.
These data lines from the controller is from the p0.0 to
p0.7
P2.5, p2.6,p2.7 is connected to the control pins of the
lcd .
On this control pin we select the command register ,
data register, enable pin.
We use the command the data register pins to send
the data and command separately.
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Programming
First of all we write our software in the 8051 ide assembler. Here
we use 8051 assembler because we wrote our software in the
assembly code. We assemble these code in assembler and
assembler after asseble the software convert into hex code.
Now this hex code is transfer into the blank ic with the help of
the serial programmer. In the serial programmer we insert the
blank ic on the ZIP socket ( blank ic socket) and select the
particular ic in the assembler.
 8051
Ide layout
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Atmel 8051
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Programmer software
Advantages of Multi-story car
parking system
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Automatic multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking
slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area
than a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the
mechanical equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars
internally needs to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total
costs. Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an
energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and
human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed.
A multi-storey car parks offer greatest possible flexibility for the realization of
optimum parking solution. A fast parking process in which the driver does
not have to maneuver his car or drive backwards, guarantees highest
comfort and security. A single lift serves 6 to 12 parking spaces per level
taking up a minimum of space. Time-saving vertical and horizontal
movements take place simultaneously ensuring fast parking and retrieval
times.
Limitations of a multi-storey car
parking system:
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The subjective analysis has shown that the greatest effects of a Multi-Storey
Car Park on Surrounding Residential Blocks are the air and noise pollution
caused by the motor vehicles. Parking lots also tend to be subject to
contamination with concentrated spots of pollutants such as motor oil.
Also, they often cover large contiguous areas with impermeable paving
surface. This means that virtually all of the rain (minus evaporation) that
falls becomes runoff. The parking lot must be built to effectively channel and
collect runoff. Traditionally, the runoff has been shunted directly into storm
sewers, streams, or even sanitary sewers. However, larger municipalities
now require retention basins to catch runoff to reduce the stress on sewer
systems.
Many areas today also require minimum landscaping in parking lots. This
usually principally means the planting of trees to provide shade. Customers
have long preferred shaded parking spaces in the summer, but parking lot
providers have long been antagonistic to planting trees because of the extra
cost of cleaning the parking lot
References:
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A Brief History of Parking: The Life and After-life of Paving the
Planet
Preservation Online: Story of the Week Archives: Car Culture
Preservation Chicago
Chicago Business News, Analysis & Articles | Developer planning
2nd apartment tower downtown | Crain's
BBC NEWS | Scotland | Glasgow, Lanarkshire and West |
Consultation over historic garage
Daniele Luttazzi Lepidezze postribolari (2007, Feltrinelli, p.275)
(Italian)
Mary Beth Klatt "Car culture"
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