http://halfdone.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/th
e_thinker_skeleton.jpg
The skeletal system protects your insides and
makes the structure for you to stand. When you
were born, you had over 300 bones! Over time,
the bones will come together to make one bone.
When you are an adult, you will have 206 bones.
Bones are hard, but hollow, giving the bones
strength. Bones have cells to repair bones and
grow. In bones, bone marrow makes blood cells,
both red and white. http://yucky.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000124.html
Skeletal System.jpg (JPEG#31E8F
http://momocrats.typepad.com/momocrats/ima
ges/2008/05/16/milk_glass300.jpg
The Skeletal System (continued)
You have bones to protect vital organs in your body. When you were born, you had over 300
bones. When you are an adult, you will have 206 bones. Bones also provide a structure.
Bones are connected to each other by ligaments. The places where bones meet one another
are called joints. Also at this point is cartilage. Cartilage is a cushion which helps the bones to
not wear down, by making sure they don’t rub together. Bones don’t move by themselves.
Muscles help bones and where they connect are called tendons. Marrow in the bones create
blood cells.
Fun Facts
• Bones would be six times stronger than steel if they were
the same weight!
• The human hand has 27 bones.
• The smallest bone in the body is the size of a rice grain.
There are three types of muscles. The first type of muscle is smooth muscle,
otherwise known as involuntary muscle. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of
organs and structures such as the stomach, esophagus, blood vessels, and
bronchi. The second type is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is also known as
voluntary muscle. It is used to effect skeletal movements. The third type of
muscle is cardiac muscle and can also be called involuntary muscle. It is only
found in the heart.
Have a healthy diet and
stretch before working out.
http://weblogs.cltv.com/features/health/livingh
ealthy/yoga.jpg
Muscles of the Body (continued)
Muscles help move you. You have over
630 muscles in your body, resulting in
your body weight being about 40%
muscle. The muscles move by muscle cells
contracting and relaxing. The muscle cells
use chemical energy in food to move.
Involuntary muscles do things
automatically. Voluntary muscles do
things when they are told to. When
muscles are pulled, they are torn, but
repair themselves.
http://www.oldandsold.com/a1photos/muscular_system.jpg
The Skin
The skin is the largest organ in our body. It has three layers. The layers are; the
epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous fat. We lose 30,000 to 40,000 dead skin
cells every minute. The epidermis makes melanin. Melanin gives skin color. When you
are in the sun your skin cells make more melanin to protect you from getting sunburned.
Although melanin protects you, you also need sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. The
skin forms a protective barrier against germs and other organisms. Your skin also helps
you keep a constant body temperature. Human skin is only about 2 mm. thick.
Always wear sunscreen
to protect your skin.
http://cancer.stanford.edu/information/cancerDiagnosis/images/ei_0390.gif
The Skin (continued)
Skin is the largest organ in your body. Skin protects our bodies and allows us to have
the sense of touch. The skin is made up of three layers; the epidermis, the dermis,
and the subcutaneous fat. The epidermis is the top layer where new cells are formed.
New cells move up to the top of the skin and the old cells that were at the top die and
rise to the surface. We lose about 30,000 to 40,000 dead skin cells every minute of
the day. Some of the epidermis makes a substance called melanin, which gives skin
its color. The dermis has blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands, and nerve endings.
The dermis works with your brain and nervous system so your brain knows what
you’re touching. The oil glands in the dermis makes sebum, which is your skin’s
natural oil. Sebum makes your skin waterproof. The subcutaneous fat helps your
body stay warm and absorbs shocks. You will also find the start of hair in
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/skin.html#
subcutaneous fat. The hair grows out of follicles.
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/skin.html
The Nervous System
The nervous system is a complex
system, which consists of the
brain, spinal cord, and a network
of nerves. The nervous system
controls everything you do.
Nerves send messages to the
brain through the spinal cord. The
brain receives messages through
neurons. When neurons are
stimulated they create an
electrical pulse. It is divided into
two systems, the central nervous
system and the peripheral
nervous system.
http://toddhargrove.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/038nervous-system.jpg
The nervous system is made up of your spinal cord, your brain, and a huge network of nerves
that go throughout your body. It is the central control center for your whole body. Your brain
uses information it receives from your nerves to control your actions and reactions. The nerves
carry messages back and forth. Sensory nerves send messages to the brain. Then, motor nerves
carry messages back from the brain to glands and muscles in your body. When neurons are
stimulated by heat, cold, touch, and other things, they begin to make an electrical pulse. This
pulse travels on the neuron to the end. At the end of the neuron, chemicals carry the pulse to
the next neuron. This keeps happening until neurons have passed the message to the brain or to
the muscles and glands in your body. Since the nervous system tells your brain what to do, you
couldn’t do a number of things without it. The central nervous system allows you to dream,
laugh, write, taste, think, and your heart can’t even beat without it! http://yucky.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000136.html
- To
keep your nervous
system healthy, it is
important to have
enough vitamin D and
B12 in your body.
http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/
2008/12/23End%20of%20Month/vitamin_d3.jpg
When you eat, chemicals in your saliva start
chemical reactions. Your teeth chew the food into a
wet ball. After a couple of chews, your tongue
pushes the chewed food to the back of your throat.
Your muscles squeeze the food down your
esophagus into your stomach. The esophagus uses
muscle movements, called peristalsis, to get the
food in your stomach. Your stomach then churns
and mixes this food. Food can be in your stomach
for 3 to 4 hours. After the stomach, the food goes
into the small intestine. The small intestine helps
break down the food. Finally, the food travels
through the large intestine and exits as feces.
http://yucky.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000126.html
http://www.encognitive.com/images/digestive-system-2.jpg
The Digestive System (continued)
Digestion allows your body to get nutrients and energy from food. When you eat,
chemicals in your saliva help break down the food. After the food is chewed it goes
down your esophagus to your stomach. To make sure that the food enters your
esophagus and not your windpipe, which is near it, the epiglottis flops down over your
windpipe closing it off from food. Once the food enters the stomach, the stomach
breaks it down. Food can be in your stomach for 3 to 4 hours. Gastric juices in the
stomach help kill any bacteria that was in the food. Next the food travels into the small
intestine, where it is broken down further. From there the food travels through the
large intestine where it finally exits the body as feces.
Drink lots of water
to avoid
dehydration.
http://www.steakenthusiast.com/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/NewYorkStripSteak.jpg
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is made up of the heart,
blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood to
every part of your body through blood vessels. The
circulatory system is made up of the vessels and
muscles that help control the flow of the blood
around the body. The main parts of the circulatory
system are the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.
When blood begins to circulate, it leaves the heart
from the left ventricle and goes into the aorta. The
blood leaving the aorta is full of oxygen. Then the
blood travels throughout the body. On its way back
to the heart, the blood travels through a system of
veins. As it reaches the lungs, carbon dioxide is
removed from the blood and replaced with fresh
oxygen that is inhaled through the lungs.
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/cir1.htm
http://www.lauragrady.com/www/Imagesmrsgrady/Resources/Copy%20of%20good%20cIRC.gif
The Circulatory System (continued)
The circulatory system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Blood is pumped from
your heart to the lungs, where oxygen goes into the blood. The blood with oxygen then
travels back to the heart and through the arteries and capillaries to the rest of the body.
Veins then carry the blood without oxygen to the heart to repeat this. Red blood cells give
oxygen to the cells. The blood that moves from the heart delivers oxygen and nutrients to
your entire body. On the return trip, the blood picks up waste products so that your body can
get rid of them.
Fun Facts
1. If your blood vessels were strung together, they would circle the globe
two and a half times!
2. The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels!
http://www.surviveplanetx.com/images/globe_west%20USA%5B2%5D.JPG
Get plenty of exercise!
The Respiratory System
The diaphragm, mouth, lungs, airways,
throat, windpipe, and nasal passages
are a part of the respiratory system.
The respiratory system helps you
breathe. The lungs take in oxygen and
then carbon dioxide is breathed out.
The oxygen goes throughout the body
through blood. There are many
diseases that can cause problems with
the respiratory system. These include
lung cancer, asthma, and tuberculosis.
Other problems could be things such
as a sore throat. http://42explore.com/respsyst.htm
http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respir
atory_anatomy.jpg
The Respiratory System (continued)
Every living thing needs oxygen to survive. We get oxygen through the respiratory
system. The respiratory system includes the mouth, diaphragm, nasal passages,
lungs, airways, throat, and the windpipe. It supplies the blood with oxygen when we
breathe. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. The air we breathe out has
100 times more carbon dioxide than the air we breathe in.
NEVER SMOKE!!!!!!!
http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/3/c/e/1206566111376377206tribut_No-Smoking_Sign.svg.med.png
1. Did you know that when you hiccup, your
diaphragm had a spasm? It causes you to
breathe in air suddenly.
2. There are about 600 millions air sacs in your
lungs. If they were stretched out, they would
cover a tennis court!
3. Irritations in the upper airway is what
causes you to sneeze.
The heart is a muscle. It’s about the size of your fist. What do our hearts do? Our hearts send
blood around our bodies. The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and then
pumps it to the lungs. The left side is different. It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it
to the body. The heart fills with blood and contracts. It contracts to squeeze out the blood.
The heart has four different chambers. There are two chambers on each side of the heart.
Two chambers are on the top and two chambers on the bottom. The two chambers on top
are called the atria. Only one chamber is called an atrium. The atria are the chambers that fill
with blood returning to the heart from the body and lungs. The heart has a left atrium and a
right atrium. The two chambers on the bottom are called the right and left ventricles. They
squirt out the blood to the body and lungs. Your body needs a steady supply of blood to keep
it working. http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/heart.html#
Exercise on
a regular
basis and
eat healthy.
http://www.biomaterials.org/SIGS/Cardiovascular/images/cv_anatomy_heart.jpg
The Heart (continued)
The heart is a muscle about the size of a fist and it keeps the blood pumping through our
bodies. It contracts and relaxes to squirt out blood. The blood in our bodies circulate through
the heart. The heart has four chambers; the top chambers are the atria and the bottom
chambers are the ventricles. The atria and ventricles work as a team. The atria fill with blood,
then dump blood into the ventricles. The ventricles then squeeze, pumping blood out of the
heart. While the ventricles are squeezing, the atria refill and get ready to start the process
over again.
Fun Facts
A woman’s heart beats faster than a man’s.
The human heart weighs less than a pound.
The human heart can create enough pressure so that it could squirt
blood to a distance of thirty feet.
In a lifetime, the heart pumps about one million barrels of blood.
In one day, your heart beats 100,000 times.
http://www.freakingnews.com/images/app_images/barrel.jpg
Cartilage: A type of connective tissue.
Neurons: Threads of nerve cells that make an
electrical pulse.
Esophagus: The tube that carries food from the
throat to the stomach.
Air Sac: Air sacs hold the air in the lungs.
Marrow: Fatty network of connective tissue in
bones.