Lecture 2 Electronic Instrument
Introduction
第二课 电子仪器介绍
Exercises
• Please read the text and complete the exercises in 30
minutes.
1.Answer the following questions according to the text.
• What is the main functions of the electronic instruments?
——The leading purpose is to measure various physical
quantities such as current, voltage, resistance,
temperature, sound level, pressure, etc.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using
oscilloscope for voltage measurement?
——The most obvious advantage is that the oscilloscope
shows waveform, frequency and phase simultaneously
with the amplitude of the voltage being measured.
——The disadvantage is the problem of resolution.
• How do you determine the RMS of voltage using the
oscilloscope?
——Peak to peak value divided by 2.
• What can a multi-meter measure?
——It can measure DC and AC voltage, current,
resistance, and in some cases, decibels.
• Which three types of waveforms can the EE1641B
Model function signal generator produce?
——Sine, square and triangle.
2.Translate the following phrases and expressions.
• present an accurate electronic picture
——显示精确的波形
• be calibrated in relation to sine waves
——根据正弦波来校准
• to contain significant harmonics
——含有大量谐波
• to interpolate between divisions
——细分刻度
• peak-to-peak value
——峰-峰值
• be in series with the circuit or component to be
measured
——与测量的电路或元件串联
3.Choose the best answer.
• The best source of information about an instrument is
the operating and instructions manual, which is
provided with any new instrument purchased. Here
C
the underlined word “which” means _____.
A. best source of information
B. an instrument
C. the operating and instructions manual
A an
• If you are not thoroughly familiar _____
instrument’s operation, read the manual before using
the instrument.
A. with
B. about
C. to
• “The most obvious advantage is that the oscilloscope
shows waveform, frequency and phase
simultaneously with the amplitude of the voltage ( or
current) being measured.” Here the underlined part is
used as ______.
C
A. 宾语
B. 形式主语
C. 表语
• When the signals being measure contain significant
harmonics, the calibrations are inaccurate. The word
“significant” can be replaced by ______.
B
A. important B. a large amount of C. difficult
• We can measure DC and AC voltage, current,
resistance ______
B a multi-meter.
A. with
B. by
C. from
C
• When measuring current, the circuit must be _____
and the meter inserted in ______ with the circuit or
component to be measured.
A. short…series
B. opened…parallel
C. opened…series
4.Judge true or false according to the text.
• We can use an oscilloscope to show the RMS of
voltages directly. ( F )
• It has a low resolution using oscilloscope to measure
voltage. ( T )
• The scales of simple VOMs are more difficult to read
in comparison with an oscilloscope. ( F )
• It is obvious that the oscilloscope can show
waveform, frequency, phase and also the amplitude
of the voltage being measured. ( T )
• A voltmeter is always placed in series with the circuit
or component to be measured. ( F )
5.Translate the following sentences into English.
• 电子仪表可用于测量各种各样的物理量，如电流
、电压、电阻、温度等。
——The electronic instruments can be used to measure
various physical quantities such as current, voltage,
resistance, temperature, etc.
• 示波器在测量电路中的电压和电流时既有优点也
有缺点。
——Oscilloscope has both advantages and
disadvantages when used to measure voltage or
current in a circuit.
• 电压表需并联于待测量的电路或元件两端。
——A voltmeter must be placed in parallel with the
circuit or component to be measured.
• 如果感兴趣的只是电压或电流的大小，可直接使
用万用表测量。
——If the only value of the interest is voltage or current
amplitude, use the voltmeter directly.
Key words and Technical terms
• quantity
——physical quantities
• current
• voltage
• resistance
• sound level
• pressure
• delicate
——delicate devices
• sensitive
——sensitive devices
量，数量
电流
电压
电阻
音量
压力，电压
精密的
敏感的，灵敏的
• instruction
指示，说明书，指令
• manual
手册，指南
——operating manual
• specification
详述，规格，规范
• limitation
限制，局限性
• oscilloscope
示波器
• accurate
正确的，精确的
——accurate electronic picture
• amplitude
幅度
• frequency
频率
• phase
相位
• VOM
• voltmeter
——electronic voltmeter
• meter
• calibrate
• sine
——sine waves
• significant
• harmonic
——harmonic content
• resolution
电子伏特表
伏特计
电表
校准
正弦
有意义的，重要的，大量的
谐波
分辨率
• scale
进制，刻度
• vertical
垂直的
——vertical scale
• division
分开，分割
——each scale division
• interpolate
插入
——interpolate between divisions
• peak-to-peak value
峰-峰值
• RMS (root-mean-square) 均方根值（有效值）
• maintenance
保持，维护，维修
• troubleshooting manuals 故障手册
• readout
• wave shape characteristics
• multi-meter
• general-purpose
——general-purpose meter
• decibel
• numerical
——numerical display
• jack
——positive jack, common jack
读数
波形特性
万用表
通用
分贝
数字的
插孔，插座
• test leads
• function switch
• range switch
• polarity
• facilitate
• adjust to zero
• a zero adjust control
• compensate
——compensate for
• battery
——weakening battery
测试引线
功能开关
量程开关
极性
使容易，使便利
调零
调零控制
偿还，补偿
电池
• indicator
• place across
• in series with
• in parallel with
• generator
——function signal generator
• versatile
——versatile signal source
• triangle
——triangle wave
• waveform sketch map
指示器
跨接
与…串联
与…并联
发电机，发生器
通用的，万能的
三角形
波形图
• attenuation
——attenuation button
• counter
• scanner
衰减
计数器
扫描仪
Expressions
• be familiar with…
对…熟悉
——If you are not thoroughly familiar with an
instrument’s operation, specifications, functions, and
limitations, read the manual before using it.
• in relation to…
与…有关，涉及
——Most meters are calibrated in relation to sine waves.
• multiply …by …
用…乘…
——Multiplying 2 by 3 makes 6.
• be converted to …
把…转换成
——Usually the peak-to-peak value is required to be
converted to RMS.
• be capable of
能够
——A multi-meter is a general-purpose meter capable of
measuring DC and AC voltage, current and resistance.
• in parallel with …
与…并联
——When measuring the resistance of a component in a
circuit, the voltage to the circuit must be removed and
the meter placed in parallel with the component.
• take …as an example
以…为例
——Take the EE1641B Model function signal generator
as an example.
• range from …to …
从…到…的范围
——The wide frequency of the signal generator ranges
from 0.2Hz to 2MHz.
Core Sentences Translation
• The best source of information about an instrument is
the operating and instructions manual, which is
provided with any new instrument purchased.
——有关仪器的最佳信息来源是操作手册和说明书，
购买的新仪器都会附带。
• The most obvious advantage is that the oscilloscope
shows waveforms, frequency and phase simultaneously
with the amplitude of the voltage being measured.
——最明显的优点是示波器在测量电压幅度时，能同
时显示波形、频率和相位。
•
With the oscilloscope, the voltage is measured from
the displayed wave, which includes many harmonic
content.
——用示波器（测量），电压是根据显示的含有许
多谐波分量的波形测得的。
• In most cases, the oscilloscope’s vertical scales are
used for voltage (or current) measurements, with
each scale division representing a given value of
voltage (or current).
——大多数情况下，示波器的垂直刻度用于测量电
压（或电流），每一小刻度代表一定的电压值（
或电流值）。
• The amplitude of a voltage waveform on an
oscilloscope screen can be determined by counting
the number of centimeters, vertically, from one peak
to the other peak of the waveform and multiplying it
by the setting of the volts/cm control.
——示波器屏幕上的电压波形的幅度可以通过波形
峰-峰值所占的垂直厘米数（格数）乘上控制旋钮
所设定的伏特/厘米来确定。
• To sum up, if the only value of interest is voltage
amplitude, use the meter because of its simplicity in
readout.
——总而言之，如果只想知道电压幅度，就使用电
压表，因为它读数简便。
• There are two types of multi-meters: analog, using a
standard meter movement with a needle, and digital,
with an electronic numerical display.
——有两种类型的万用表：使用标准仪表指针的模拟
式万用表和使用电子数字显示的数字式万用表。
• The needle will have a screw for mechanical adjust to
set it to zero and also a zero adjust control to
compensate for weakening batteries when measuring
resistance.
——（有一个）螺丝钉用于机械调零（万用表）指针
，且可在测量电阻时通过调零控制补偿电池损耗。
• A voltmeter is always placed across the circuit or
component to be measured.
——电压表总是跨接于待测的电路或元件两端。
• When measuring current, the circuit must be opened
and the meter inserted in series with the circuit or
component to be measured.
——当测量电流时，电路应当断开并将仪表插入，
与待测量的电路或元件串联。
• This model of signal generator provides the following
types of waveform for output: sine, square and
triangle.
——这种型号的信号发生器可提供如下输出波形：
正弦波、方波、三角波。
• You should choose the proper “frequency range”
button and adjust the “amplitude” knob to obtain the
signal you want from the “50Ω” output terminal.
——应选择合适的“频率范围”按钮及调节“幅度
”旋钮从而在“50欧”输出端获得所需信号。