Abhidhamma
ABHI = higher, sublime, special
distinguished
Dhamma = teaching or
ultimate realities
1
According to the Abhidhamma
philosophy there are two types
of Truth:
• Conventional truth (sammuti sacca)
• Ultimate Truth (paramattha sacca)
2
Kalàpas in the body
3
4
5
Conventional Truth
Atom
Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Sub-atomic
particles
6
Ultimate Truth Råpa Kalàpa
1.Earth element
2.Water
3.Fire
4.Wind
5.Colour
6.Smell
7.Taste
8.Nutritive Essence
7
In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is
fourfold:
1. Consciousness (citta)
2. Mental Factors (cetasika)
3. Matter (rpa)
4. Nibbna
conditioned dhamma
unconditioned dhamma
8
The 1st Ultimate-Truth
CONSCIOUSNESS (citta)
1. Characteristic (lakkhaõa): awareness or
knowing of an object.
2. Function (rasa): to be a forerunner of the
mental states.
3. Manifestation (paccupaññhàna): it is a continuity
of processes.
4. Proximate cause (padaññhàna): Mind (mental
factors) and matter.
9
CONSCIOUSNESS (citta)
• The process of cognizing an object.
• In the blink of an eye, billions of consciousness arise and
pass away.
• At any one moment, only one consciousness arises.
• In conventional truth, one lives from conception to death,
however in the ultimate sense one lives only for one
conscious moment.
• Although it arises at tremendous speed, each
consciousness goes through the same 3 stages: arising
(birth), static (decay) and dissolution (death)
10
MIND MOMENT
Citta
arising
static
dissolution
11
Consciousness can be classified with
respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways:
1. Unwholesome (akusala)
2. Wholesome (kusala)
3. Resultant (vipàka)
4. Functional (kiriya)
12
Six Types of Roots
• Three wholesome roots
– Non greed
– Non hatred
– Non delusion
• Three unwholesome roots
– Greed
– Hatred
– Delusion
13
Consciousness can be classified with
respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways:
1. Unwholesome (akusala)
2. Wholesome (kusala)
3. Resultant (vipàka)
4. Functional (kiriya)
14
12 unwholesome consciousness
8 rooted in greed
1. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with
wrong view, unprompted.
2. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with
wrong view, prompted.
3. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from
wrong view, unprompted.
4. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from
wrong view, prompted.
5. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity,
associated with wrong view, unprompted.
6. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity,
associated with wrong view, prompted.
7. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity,
dissociated from wrong view, unprompted.
8. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity,
15
dissociated from wrong view, prompted.
12 unwholesome consciousness
2 rooted in hatred
1. One consciousness accompanied by
displeasure, associated with aversion,
unprompted.
2. One consciousness accompanied by
displeasure, associated with aversion,
prompted.
16
12 unwholesome consciousness
2 rooted in delusion
• One consciousness accompanied by
equanimity, associated with doubt.
• One consciousness accompanied by
equanimity, associated with restlessness.
17
Consciousness can be classified with
respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways:
1. Unwholesome (akusala)
2. Wholesome (kusala)
3. Resultant (vipàka)
4. Functional (kiriya)
18
8 sense-sphere wholesome
consciousness
1. One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with
knowledge, unprompted.
2. One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with
knowledge, prompted.
3. One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated
from knowledge, unprompted.
4. One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated
from knowledge, prompted.
5. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity
associated with knowledge, unprompted
6. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity
associated with knowledge, prompted
7. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity
dissociated from knowledge, unprompted
8. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity
19
dissociated from knowledge, prompted
8 sense-sphere resultant
consciousness
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with
knowledge, prompted
One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from
knowledge, prompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with
knowledge, prompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from
knowledge, prompted
20
8 sense-sphere functional
consciousness
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with
knowledge, prompted
One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from
knowledge, prompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with
knowledge, prompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from
knowledge, unprompted
One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from
knowledge, prompted
21
Rootless consciousness 18
(ahetuka-cittàni)
• 7 Unwholesome resultant consciousness
• 8 wholesome resultant consciousness
• 3 Functional consciousness
22
Unwholesome resultant
consciousness
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eye consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling;
Ear consciousness
Nose consciousness
Tongue consciousness
Body consciousness accompanied by pain
Receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral
feeling;
Investigating consciousness accompanied by
neutral feeling;
23
Wholesome resultant rootless
consciousness
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eye consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling;
Ear consciousness
Nose consciousness
Tongue consciousness
Body consciousness accompanied by pleasure
Receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral
feeling;
• Investigating consciousness accompanied by joy
• Investigating consciousness accompanied by neutral
feeling;
24
Rootless Functional
Consciousness
• Five-door adverting consciousness
accompanied by neutral feeling
• Mind-door adverting consciousness
• Smile-producing consciousness
accompanied by joy
25
Consciousness can also divided into
four groups by way of plane :
 Sense-sphere consciousness (kmvacara-citta)
 Fine-material-sphere consciousness (rpvacara-citta)
 Immaterial-sphere consciousness (arpvacara-citta)
 Supramundane consciousness (lokuttara-citta)
26
31 planes
of
existence
NPNNP
Nothingness
Infinite conciousness
4 immaterial
sphere planes
Infinite space
7 Planes of 4th Jhana
3 Planes of 3rd Jhana
3 Planes
2nd Jhana
11
Senseofsphere
planes
16 Fine material
sphere planes
3 Planes of 1st Jhana
6 Deva realms
1 Human realm
1 Asura realm
1 Peta realm
11 Sense
sphere
planes
1 Animal realm
1 Hell beings realm
27
28
29
30
31
6 DevaRealms
1. CATU-MAHâRâJIKA
2. TâVATIÑSA
3. YâMA
4. TUSITA
5. NIMMâNA-RATI
They enjoy the 5 sense objects which they created
for themselves.
6. PARANIMMITA-VASAVATTI
They enjoy 5 sense pleasure objects created by
others for them.
32
33
34
31 planes
of
existence
7 Planes of 4th Jhana
3 Planes of 3rd Jhana
3 Planes of 2nd Jhana
3 Planes of 1st Jhana
16 Fine
material
sphere
planes
.
.
.
.
.
.
35
3 Planes of 1st Jhàna
1. PâRISAJJA BRAHMA
Realm of Brahma’s Retinue
2. PUROHITA BRAHMA
Realm of Brahma’s Ministers
3. MAHâ BRAHMA
Realm of Great Brahma
36
3 Planes of 2nd Jhàna
1.PARITTABHA
Realm of minor lustre
2.APPAMâNABHA
Realm of infinite lustre
3.ABHASSARA
Realm of radiant lustre
37
3 Planes of 3rd Jhàna
1.PARITTA-SUBHA
Realm of minor aura
2.APPAMâNA-SUBHA
Realm of infinite aura
3.SUBHA-KIöHA
Realm of steady aura
38
7 Planes of 4th Jhàna
1.VEHAPPHALA
Realm of great reward
2.ASA¥¥A-SATTA
Realm of mindless beings
(Only body.No mind.)
3.AVIHA
The durable realm
4.ATAPPA
The serene realm
5.SUDASSA
The beautiful realm
6.SUDASSI
SUDDHAVâSA
Only Anagamis are reborn
in these 5 planes.
The clear-sighted realm
7.AKANIòòHA
The highest realm
39
7 Planes of 4th Jhana
3 Planes of 3rd Jhana
3 Planes of 2nd Jhana
3 Planes of 1st Jhana
6 Deva realms
1 Human realm
1 Asura realm
1 Peta realm
1 Animal realm
5 wholesome fine-material sphere
consciousness
1 Hell beings realm
1.
1st jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with
initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness,
and one- pointed ness.
2.
2nd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with
sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointed
ness.
3.
3rd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with
joy, happiness, and one- pointed ness.
4.
4th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with
happiness and one- pointed ness.
5.
5th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with
equanimity and one- pointed ness.
40
5 Jhāna Factors
•
Initial application of mind (Vitakka) - the directing
and placing of the mind onto the object of the
pañibhāga nimitta.
•
Sustained application of mind (Vicāra) - the
sustained keeping of the mind on the pañibhāga nimitta.
•
Joy (Pīti) - interest, or liking for the pañibhāga nimitta.
•
Happiness (Sukha) - Pleasant feeling or happiness
associated with experiencing the pañibhāga nimitta.
•
One-pointed ness (Ekaggatā) - One-pointed ness of
mind or fixing the mind firmly on the pañibhāga nimitta.
41
5 Masteries of Jhàna
•
Mastery in adverting: being able to advert to the
jhāna factors after emerging from jhāna.
•
Mastery in attaining: being able to enter jhāna
whenever one wishes.
•
Mastery in resolving: being able to stay in jhāna for
as long as one has determined to stay.
•
Mastery in emerging: being able to leave the jhāna
at the time one determines to emerge.
•
Mastery in reviewing: being able to review the jhāna
42
factors from which one has just emerged.
7 Planes of 4th Jhana
3 Planes of 3rd Jhana
3 Planes of 2nd Jhana
3 Planes of 1st Jhana
6 Deva realms
1 Human realm
1 Asura realm
1 Peta realm
1 Animal realm
5 fine-material sphere resultant
consciousness
1 Hell beings realm
1.
1st jhāna = resultant consciousness together with
initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness,
and one- pointedness.
2.
2nd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with
sustained application, joy, happiness, and onepointedness.
3.
3rd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with joy,
happiness, and one- pointedness.
4.
4th jhāna = resultant wholesome consciousness
together with happiness and one- pointedness.
5.
5th jhāna = resultant consciousness together with
equanimity and one- pointed ness.
43
31 planes
of
existence
7 Planes of 4th Jhana
3 Planes of 3rd Jhana
3 Planes of 2nd Jhana
3 Planes of 1st Jhana
16 Fine
material
sphere
planes
.
.
.
.
.
.
44
5 fine-material sphere functional
consciousness
1.
1st jhāna = functional consciousness together with
initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness,
and one- pointedness.
2.
2nd jhāna = functional consciousness together with
sustained application, joy, happiness, and onepointedness.
3.
3rd jhāna = functional consciousness together with joy,
happiness, and one- pointedness.
4.
4th jhāna = functional consciousness together with
happiness and one- pointedness.
5.
5th jhāna = functional consciousness together with
equanimity and one- pointedness.
45
.
.
.
.
.
.
4 Immaterial-sphere
wholesome consciousness
.
.
.
.
1. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the
base of infinite space
2. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the
base of consciousness
3. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the
base of nothingness
4. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the
base of neither perception nor non-perception 46
.
.
.
.
.
.
4 Immaterial sphere
resultant consciousness
.
.
.
.
1. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the
base of infinite space
2. Resulatnt consciousness pertaining to the
base of consciousness
3. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the
base of nothingness
4. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the
base of neither perception nor non-perception 47
31 planes
of
existence
4
immaterial
sphere
planes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
48
4 Immaterial sphere
functional consciousness
1. Functional consciousness pertaining to the
base of infinite space
2. Functional consciousness pertaining to the
base of consciousness
3. Functional consciousness pertaining to the
base of nothingness
4. Functional consciousness pertaining to the
base of neither perception nor non-perception 49
saÿsàra
50
Supramundane consciousness
(Lokuttara-Citta)
• The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5
aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence)
• Four wholesome paths
–
–
–
–
Stream entry
Once returning
Non –returning
Arahant
• Four resultant fruitions
–
–
–
–
Stream entry
Once returning
Non –returning
Arahant
NIBBâNA
51