DUMBO: Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR
Outline
 Disaster
 Emergency Network
 Vehicular Communication
 Available Technologies
 DUMBO
 DUMBO2
Disaster
 Natural
 Tsunami, Nargis,
 Manmade
 Terrorist attack, Fire
Disaster (cont…)
 Consequences:
 Huge death
 Huge wounded
 Destroy surrounding (roads, buildings)
 Traditional communication infrastructure becomes inoperable
 Requirements:
 Rescue operation
 Co-ordination between the field worker and command center
 Emergency medical assistance
Emergency Network
 An emergency network:
 Fast deployable
 Without relying on the fixed infrastructure
 Provide multimedia communication (voice, video, text)
 Wide network coverage
 Available network devices (home appliances)
 Real-time monitoring systems
 Capable to move the network nodes independently within the
network coverage
Emergency Network (cont…)
Traditional Process: Usually the rescue worker uses
walkie talkie while in rescue operation. But it has
many demerits:
 Short range
 Collisions in communication (everybody uses the same channel)
 No video support
 No central monitoring systems to monitor the relative movement of
the field worker
Vehicular Communication
 Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V)
 Send and receive information between vehicles to vehicle
 Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I)
 Share information among the vehicles and the fixed infrastructure
Vehicular Communication (cont…)
Internet
HQ
GateWay
Road
Jungle
Sea
Available Technologies
Short Range
Bluetooth
 100 Meters (Class 1)
 10 Meters (Class 2)
 1 Meter (Class 3)
 1 Mbps (v1)
 3Mbps (v2.0)
 2.4 GHz
Zigbee
 250 Kbps @ 2.4 GHz
 40 Kbps @ 915 MHz
 20 Kbps @ 868 MHz
 10 – 100 Meters
 Low Data Rate
Medium Range
Wifi 802.11 b/g/n
 2.4 GHz
 11 ~ 300 Mbps
 30 ~ 200 Meters
IEEE 802.11p C2C
 5.9 GHz DSRC
 US Flavored
 a.k.a WAVE
CALM
 WAVE + Global 5 GHz
 GPRS/UMTS Conn
 EU Flavored
Long Range
EDGE
 0.9 ~ 1.89 Mbps
 Licensed Frequency
CDMA 2000 EV-DO
 Rev.0 153K ~ 2Mbps
 Rev.A 1.8 ~ 3 Mbps
 Licensed Frequency
WiMax
 10 ~ 70 Mbps
 Licensed Frequency
Expensive Infrastructure
Available Technologies (cont…)
 TETRA : Terrestrial Trunked Radio
 Special type of Mobile
 Walkie Talkie like service
 Low Throughput
 Fixed Infrastructure
 Expensive
DUMBO
Use Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) in an
environment where fixed network infrastructure is not
available, such as in the case of natural disaster
IP Star
Satellite
DUMBO’06
Field
Satellite
Access
IP Star
Uplink
MANET
OLSR
IP Star
Gateway
Terrestrial
Internet
Field
Satellite
Access
MANET
OLSR
PDA
sensor
Simulated
Head Command
Center (AIT)
Simulated Disaster
Area 1
Simulated Disaster
Area 2
DUMBO 2
 Interconnectivity between Mobile Ad-hoc Network
and Fixed infrastructure
 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications with mixed
vehicle types
 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like Gateway
 A newly revised Emergency Response Multimedia
Communication Applications (P2P SIP)
 Real-time monitoring system for rescue worker’s
movement.
DUMBO 2 (cont…)
HQ
Internet
GateWay
MANET 1
GateWay
MANET 2
Outline
 Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
 Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
 Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)
IEEE 802.11
Infrastructured network
Ad hoc network
A
B
C
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)
 Fast deployable
 Self configuring
 No need for network infrastructure
 Moving nodes
 Multi-hop network
MANET example
 B and D as intermediate nodes forward a packet to E
 Multi-hop network
MANET applications
 Military operations
 Sensor networks
 Rescue operations
 University
 Conferences
MANET characteristics
 Dynamic topology
 Limited bandwidth
 Energy constrained operation
 Limited physical security
MANET routing protocol
 Reactive routing
 Finding routes when needed (on demand)
 Proactive routing
 Maintaining all routes to reachable destinations (tabledriven routing)
 Using continues control messages to set up routes
Reactive
•Low routing overhead
•High delay of setting up a
connection
Proactive
•High routing overhead
•Low delay of setting up a
connection
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
(AODV), RFC 3561
 Finding routes when needed (on demand)
 Flooding a route request (RREQ)
RREQ
RREQ
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
(AODV), RFC 3561
 Finding routes when needed (on demand)
 A route reply is unicasted back
RREP
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), RFC
3626

A table-driven routing protocol
Using MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) to efficiently relay
broadcast messages
Three main modules





Neighbor detection
Topology discovery (via MPRs)
Route calculation
OLSR packet format
1. Neighbor detection
HELLO
HELLO
HELLO
Neighbor sensing
HELLO
HELLO
Neighbor nodes of B
A
C
D
HELLO
Multipoint relay
 Reducing the number of duplicate retransmissions
while forwarding a broadcast packet
 Limit the set of MPRs retransmitting a packet
 The number of MPRs should be small
Multipoint relay selection
 Each node selects and maintains its own MPRs
 “At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there must exist
a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”
Multipoint relay selection
 Each node selects and maintains its own MPRs
 “At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there must exist
a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”
The number of retransmissions
with/without MPRs
Please find MPRs (1)
Please find MPRs (2)
Please find MPRs (3)
2. Flooding topology information without
MPRs
Neighbor nodes of B
A
C
D
Flooding topology information with MPRs
Neighbor nodes of B
A
C
D
Route calculation
B
{A, C, D}
Routing of A
Dest.
Next hop
B
B
C
B
D
B
E
B
Routing of D
Dest.
Next hop
A
B
B
B
C
B
E
E
Routing of E
Dest.
Next hop
A
D
B
D
C
C
D
D
D
{B, E}
OLSR implementation
 olsr.org
 An ad hoc wireless mesh routing daemon
 Many OS platforms are supported

Nokia, iPhone, Mac OS, Linux, Wins
OLSR for windows
Configured olsrd parameters
 HELLO interval
 HELLO hold
 TC interval
 TC hold
 MID interval
 MID hold
 More details no olsrd parameters
 http://www.olsr.org/docs/olsrd.conf.5.html
HELLO interval and hold
Reasonable HELLO interval
 In RFC 3626
 HELLO interval = 2s
 TC interval = 5s
 The larger HELLO interval, the longer delay of
neighbor detection
 OLSR on a vehicle
 HELLO interval should be small
Routes
Communication applications
 Existing communication applications, VoIP, require
centralized servers
 The centralized architecture is not suitable for
MANETs due to mobility
Using P2P on MANETs
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
Operated
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
peer
Operated
Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)
 Providing multimedia communications for an
emergency operation
 Peer-to-peer (P2P) application where no a centralized
server is needed
 Running on OLSR protocol
EasyDC login
Main screen
Group List
Video and chat
Audio and chat
Group chat
Emergency button
EasyDC setup
Software setup
1. Install jre 6u6
2. Check the jre by opening command prompt and typing java -version.
Please make sure the version is shown correctly.
3. Install JMF
After that, run JMF Registry and click "Detect Capture Devices"
4. Setup ad hoc mode on wireless interface. Make sure that you use a
correct given IP address.
-To run software
Double click MainStartup.bat in EasyDC folder
-To run HQ software CenterStartup.bat
GPS Location (GLoc) Service
 A GPS receiver is connected to each node through Bluetooth.
 It receives the GPS information i.e. latitude and longitude of the
mobile node
 Sends it to the Map server using DUMBO network.
 Map the position of all nodes comprising the network and send for
better co-ordination and administration.
GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)
GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System
Objectives:
 Detects active links
 Monitors traffic flows through different links
 Provides metrics and statistics dynamically which
demonstrates the link quality and system performance .
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Features:
 Input parameters
 Output parameters
 Sniffer
 Graph Plot
 Analysis
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Input parameters
 Shows the default OLSR parameters such as HELLO interval, TC
interval, Hysteresis threshold limits etc. used for running the protocol.
 The parameter values can be changed.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Output Parameters
 Run Time Packet Analysis: Shows the list of neighbor nodes, Link
failure, Packet loss , Packet loss rate, Delay and Current Node status.
 Run Time Message Analysis: It shows the list of nodes originating the
OLSR message, Message loss, Message Loss rate, Hop Count and
Control Overhead corresponding to each originator node.
 Run Time Average Figures: The section averages the values among all
the nodes and shows the final figures at the run time.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Sniffer
 Captures the packets coming to the network interface.
 Shows the detail information of the packets captured and current
performance status.
 The packet information consists of the time, source node generating
packet, packet loss, packet loss rate, hop count, delay within the OLSR
packet.
 Illustrates a broad picture of the packet information useful for user to
observe the ongoing performance in detail.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Graph
 This section visualizes the network performance graphically at run
time.
 User can select type of plot interested along with the necessary scale
and tick steps.
 The system can generate different graphs for different parameters like
Average Link Failure, Average Packet Loss etc., with respect to time.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Analysis
 Provides the user with the comparative analysis of the ongoing network
performance.
 The criteria for the determination of the traffic level are:
 High – Above 75% of the highest Traffic Level
 Average – Between 75% to above 45% of the highest Traffic Level
 Low – Below or Equal to 45% of the highest Traffic
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
Help
 This section provides user with the general instruction for operating
the system.
 User can exit from the plug-in by selecting “Exit” in the “File” option in
the menu-bar.
 Besides, “About” option gives the brief information about the plug-in
development.
 On exiting from plug-in, all the related threads are closed and stop the
application.
OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
MANET Configure
MANET Configure (cont…)
MANET Configure (cont…)
MANET Configure (cont…)
GPS Receiver Connection
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)
DUMBO 2 Network Setup
DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)
DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)
OLSR Over Network (OON)
 Sometimes, MANETs are connected to the Internet
 We create an overlay network covering both MANETs
and the Internet
 EasyDC can run on top on this overlay network
without being modified
OLSR overlay network
OON configuration
 Only fixed IP nodes exchange OLSR messages
An example