For Steam Boilers
& Hot Air, Fresh Air, et al.
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Thermostat Demand Analysis over time resets
burner fire time for steam boiler.
This will remove the leads and lags
associated with the over and under steam
value.
Interior space thermostat analysis anticipates
needed heat replacement precisely.
Thermostat Analysis over time
60 data points
1
0
18 red OFF points
41 green ON points
60 Total sample points
41 green ON points
=.6833 = 68%
=
Thermostat analysis was 68 % of the
hour. The Ideal Demand Analysis we
desire is 60% Thermostat call
Subtract the .68-.60=.8 (Time Change
Factor) x 3 (minute Increment factor) =
+2.4 Minutes
If the old fire cycle time was 30 minutes,
we add 2.4= 32.4 minutes.
Demonstrate negative time change.
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Limits of maximum and minimum burner
fire times.
Time limit avoid boiler fire short cycle and
allow for radiator catch up..
All firings are thermostat initiated, and
system pressure control limited.
Initial start up fire times are determined by
how long it takes to meet system pressure
controls from a cold start.
Fire time adjustments
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Controller demand analysis (previously
discussed) resets fire times, from hour to
hour.
Burner fire time will be increased or
decreased at the end of each analysis period (
60 min.) in order to meet the ideal thermostat
demand ratio. (60%). On mild days this may
well allow comfort satisfaction at lower than
system pressure limit at the boiler.
Radiators may well heat ½ way across.
Fire time adjusts to satisfy Ideal Demand rate
90 min
80
IDR %
Xo
X
X
o o
o
X
45 min
oX Xo
o
X
15 min
10 min
X
1
2
3 4 5
6
Time in hours
7
30 min
8
adjustment
70
60%
50
40
30
Start-up fire time = the time it takes
to satisfy pressure limit from a cold
start. (15-90 minutes)
Boiler pressure controls and
thermostat satisfaction can over ride
the fire time.
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Test pressure gauges and pressure control.
Boiler should be making steam within 30-45 minutes.
If not the boiler may be undersized.
Check that boiler burner rate is high enough to
produce good steam. (see boiler instructions)
Analyze burner for proper firing and minimum excess
air. ( CO2 %, stack temperature.)
Check chimney flue, piping insulation, vents, traps,
condensate return lines and boiler water level.
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The amount of time it takes to recover to
steam delivery after a break.
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10-40 minutes
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Minimum
= Fire Time 10 min.
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Each building has its own rhythm.
Factory settings can be adjusted if needed by
the installer.
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The goal is to have the thermostat satisfied
into the break.
There are savings and comfort advantages
as the thermostat is satisfied after the
burner is off.
The thermostat overrides all calls for burner
firing. All control points operate in series.
 If
the thermostat does not call
heat for more than one hour the
controller sets back to “Start up
time”, at thermostat activation.
 Boiler can be shut down by
pressure, thermostat, or
controller analysis time.
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Maximum Burner Time 45-90 minutes
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Fixed break time 10-90 minutes.
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Start up burn time: 20, 30, 45,
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60, 90 min.
Min Burn time : 10 minutes.(short cycle prev.)
Ideal demand ratio .5, .6, .7, .8
Analysis time: 40, 60, 90 minutes
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Thermostat activity analysis within the hour
will determine the increase or decrease
adjustment of the burner fire time in the
following hour.
Actual demand ratio vs. Ideal demand ratio
determines + or - to length of fire on time,
adjustment from previous hour calculated
fire time.
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Actual demand ratio = 70
Ideal Demand ratio = .60
(.70-.60)=.10 x 10= 1 time change factor
Time increment factor= 2 minutes
Previous hr. fire time 30 minutes
1 time chg.. factor x 2 min = +2 min
Prev. fire time 30min + 2 min= 32 min
New Burner fire time 32 min (increase)
Annual service is required for all boilers and
furnaces.
Flame check Excess air, Carbon Monoxide,
Good distribution, safety controls, Ware from
corrosion, chimney condition, fuel supply,
filters for fuel and air, Exhaust gases, water
quality, air in piping, venting of air, water
pressure,
Safety checks
efficiency and comfort.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Gas boilers and oil fired boilers and
furnaces ???
It’s the law !!
Why?
Blood Chemistry
Odorless, colorless,
Source: improper chimney vent of exhaust.
Harm: CO attaches to red blood cells and are
not recognized by our respiratory system. We
cannot use them in the cells. They never leave
the red cell and we starve from lack of oxygen.
Cure: Hospitalization immediately.
Prevention: Annual heating system service.
Carbon monoxide detectors. Replace every five
years.
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Boiler water level. 1/3-1/2 water in fill
glass
Pressure monitoring .5-2.0 lbs
Blow down auto refill devices to remove rust
Watch it cycle for a full two firings to verify
pressuretrol safety operation. Check for
short cycling.
Check for continuous boiler firing. (longer
than 40 minutes) This means you need to
talk to your boiler service to explain.
Check that all radiation is getting steam.
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Steam is delivered as soon as it is generated.
Traveling at great speed it will satisfy BTU
demand quickly. It is most important that all
system components are in good working order
as designed. It can not be overemphasized,
that complete inspection service and repair
maintenance be done, annually by a
professional.
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Steam radiators heat and cool quickly.
A steady radiation of BTU is the ideal.
How do we do this evenly.
By controlling the pressure to the need of the
room.
WE control the pressure by cycling the boiler
to put BTU’s in for BTU’s needed.
Some times the radiator may be hot but only
half way across.
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Boiler firing rate and oil nozzle size must be
proper for the boiler to have efficient heat
exchange from the fire to the waterside. If
the nozzle is too small the boiler will take
forever to heat. Steam pressure should be
met in less than 30 minutes. If not have the
boiler fire size checked by a professional
boiler person. See manufacturers suggested
gallons / hour. This information can be
found at manufacturers website.
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Many systems have had the asbestos
insulation removed. Few replace the
insulation due to the added expense. With
fuel prices going up, insulation return on
investment is becoming very attractive. The
system was designed to work with insulated
pipes.
Most steam systems can be reinsulated for
5-10 dollars per pipe foot.
You are wasting the heat in the pipes if you
do not.
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Proper boiler piping measurement check.
Testing cleaning and repair of:
air vents, traps, safety controls, chimney
inspection, flue gas analysis, heat exchange
cleaning, make up water supply rate, piping
insulation, condensate return systems and
boiler water, fuel supply and storage.
Proper venting of boiler room for fresh air
and fire prevention.
Carbon Monoxide detectors are required.
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Out door temperature changes take hours
before being reflected in interior heat loss.
Boiler is on before it is needed.
This causes uneven over heating, and
open windows.
Indoor thermostat sensor takes all heat
loss into consideration from the occupied
space, where the people are. No wasted
heat.
Time lag and lead with outdoor reset
Fixed curve
noon
outdoor temp
Lag boiler undertemp
Exqheat
Real Time curve
Lead
area of discomfort
ComfortControl isFirst
boiler overheat
Fix ed curve
outdoor temp
outdoor temp
boiler overheat
Lead
Exqheat
Fixed curve
Exqheat
Real Tim e curve
Real Time curve
Lag boiler undertemp
Night
Fire time adjusts to satisfy Ideal Demand rate
7 min
80
IDR %
Xo
X
X
o o
o
X
6 min
X
Xo o
o
X
4 min
3 min
X
1
2
3
4
5
6
Time in hours
7
5 min
8
adjustment
70
60%
50
40
30
 Steam
heat now has the
opportunity to be
comfortable and efficient
with the intelligent
management offered by
Exquisite Heat control.
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www.Exqheat.com 914-588-4791
John Cockerill US Patent: 6,402,043