Resource Leveling
Advantages/Applications of Resource Leveling
1. Maintain the lowest uniform number of
employees to perform the work.
2. Establishing plans for material delivery.
3. Reducing the daily demand for dollars.
Problems
1. Tends to cause a build up of resources
towards the end of the project.
2. Increasing the number of critical
activities.
Setting the Target Schedule
• Need effort to keep the plan working.
Late-Start Schedule
• Reduce activities parallelism.
• Risk of project overrun.
Target Schedule
Earth Moving Materials And Operations
Earth moving Process
- It is the process of moving soil or rock from
one location to another.
- Activities involved include
-excavation
-loading
-hauling
-placing (dumping
and spreading)
-compacting
-grading
-finishing
Factors Affecting Equipment Selection
• Ability of the equipment to perform the
required work.
• Maximizing the profit on the investment
produced by the equipment.
• Availability of equipment, parts and
service.
• Effect of downtime on other construction
equipment and operations.
Job Efficiency factor depends on (052-089)
1. Management Conditions
Skills, training, maintenance of equipment.
2. Job Conditions
Topography, weather conditions.
Swell
• A soil increases in volume when it is
excavated because soil grains are loosened
during excavation.
 wt BankVolum e 
Swell%  
 1 100
 wt LooseVolume 
Shrinkage
• When a soil is compacted, some of the air
is forced out of the soil’s void space.

wt BankVolum e 
 100
Shrinkage%  1 
 wt Com pactedVolum e
Load Factor
• Used to change from loose volume to bank
volume.
BankVolum e LooseVolume  LoadFactor
wt BankVolum e
LoadFactor
wt Com pactedVolum e
1

1  swell
Shrinkage Factor
• Used to convert from Bank volume to
compacted volume
Com pactedVolum e Bankvolum e ShrinkageFactor
wt BankUnitVolum e
ShrinkageFactor 
wt Com pactedUnitVolum e
ShrinkFactor  1  Shrinkage
Production of Earth Moving Equipment
Production = Volume per cycle x cycles per hour
* Cycle per hour must include appropriate efficiency
factor.
* Cost per unit of production
=
Equipment cost per hour
Equipment Production per hour