Examples on Functional Testing
Winter 2006
Presented by Nikos Giannopoulos
nikos@swen.uwaterloo.ca
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
1
Agenda


Telephone Billing Example
Flowchart → Decision Table Example
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
2
Agenda


Telephone Billing Example
Flowchart → Decision Table Example
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
3
Telephone Billing Example

The Spring and Fall changes between
Standard and Daylight Savings time create
an interesting problem for telephone bills.
Develop equivalence classes for a long
distance telephone service that bills calls
at a flat rate of $0.05 per minute. Assume
that the chargeable time of a call begins
when the called party answers, and ends
when the calling party disconnects
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
4
Telephone Billing Example


For simplicity we consider a fixed Daylight
Saving Time beginning date (March 13),
and a fixed Standard Time beginning date
(November 7)
For simplicity we consider that time
switches at midnight (March 13 and
November 7)
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
5
Telephone Billing Example

Inputs:
Start Date
 Start Time
 End Date
 End Time


Outputs:


Charge
Start Date & Time < End Date & Time
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
6
Telephone Billing Example

Proposed equivalence relation: which are
the crucial start/end dates to consider and
which are the crucial start/end times that
affect the billing procedure?
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
7
Telephone Billing Example

Start Date






Start Time


ST1 = { startTime : startTime = 24h clock }
End Date






SD1 = { startDate : January 1 ≤ startDate < March 13 }
SD2 = { startDate : startDate = March 13 }
SD3 = { startDate : March 13 < startDate < November 7 }
SD4 = { startDate : startDate = November 7 }
SD5 = { startDate : November 7 < startDate ≤ December 31 }
ED1 = { endDate : January 1 ≤ endDate < March 13 }
ED2 = { endDate : endDate = March 13 }
ED3 = { endDate : March 13 < endDate < November 7 }
ED4 = { endDate : endDate = November 7 }
ED5 = { endDate : November 7 < endDate ≤ December 31 }
End Time

ET1 = { endTime : endTime = 24h clock }
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
8
Telephone Billing Example
Test Case
WE1
WE2
WE3
WE4
WE5
Start Date
Start Time
End Date
March 01, 2005
12:00
March 01, 2005
March 13, 2005
12:00
March 13, 2005
April 01, 2005
12:00
April 01, 2005
November 07, 2005
12:00
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
12:00
December 01, 2005
End Time
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
Expected Output ($)
3
3
3
3
3
Weak Equivalence Class Test Cases
SD6 = { startDate : invalid dates }
ED6 = { endDate : invalid dates }
ST2 = { startTime : invalid times }
ET2 = { endTime : invalid times }
Test Case
TE1
TE2
TE3
TE4
TE5
TE6
TE7
TE8
TE9
Start Date
Start Time
March 01, 2005
12:00
March 13, 2005
12:00
April 01, 2005
12:00
November 07, 2005
12:00
December 01, 2005
12:00
February 30, 2005
12:00
February 27, 2005
25:00
February 27, 2005
12:00
February 27, 2005
12:00
End Date
March 01, 2005
March 13, 2005
April 01, 2005
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
March 01, 2005
March 01, 2005
February 30, 2005
March 01, 2005
End Time
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
13:00
25:00
Expected Output ($)
3
3
3
3
3
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
Traditional Equivalence Class Test Cases
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
9
Telephone Billing Example
Test Case
SE1
SE2
SE3
SE4
SE5
SE6
SE7
SE8
SE9
SE10
SE11
SE12
SE13
SE14
SE15
SE16
SE17
SE18
SE19
SE20
SE21
SE22
SE23
SE24
SE25
Start Time
Start Date
12:00
March 12, 2005
22:00
March 12, 2005
22:00
March 12, 2005
22:00
March 12, 2005
22:00
March 12, 2005
22:00
March 13, 2005
22:00
March 13, 2005
23:00
March 13, 2005
22:00
March 13, 2005
22:00
March 13, 2005
22:00
March 14, 2005
22:00
March 14, 2005
22:00
March 14, 2005
22:00
November 06, 2005
22:00
March 14, 2005
22:00
November 07, 2005
22:00
November 07, 2005
22:00
November 07, 2005
22:00
November 07, 2005
22:00
November 07, 2005
22:00
December 01, 2005
22:00
December 01, 2005
22:00
December 01, 2005
22:00
December 01, 2005
22:00
December 01, 2005
End Date
March 12, 2005
March 13, 2005
March 14, 2005
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
March 12, 2005
March 13, 2005
March 14, 2005
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
March 12, 2005
March 13, 2005
March 14, 2005
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
March 12, 2005
March 13, 2005
March 14, 2005
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
March 12, 2005
March 13, 2005
March 14, 2005
November 07, 2005
December 01, 2005
End Time
13:00
01:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
23:00
01:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
23:00
01:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
23:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
22:00
23:00
Expected Output ($)
3
6
141
do the math…
do the math…
ERROR
3
6
do the math…
do the math…
ERROR
ERROR
3
12
do the math…
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
3
do the math…
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
ERROR
3
Strong Equivalence Class Test Cases
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
10
Telephone Billing Example
conditions
c1: January 1 <= startDate < March 13
c2: startDate = March 13
c3: March 13 < startDate < November 7
c4: startDate = November 7
c5: November 7 < startDate <= December 31
c6: startTime (24h)
c7: January 1 <= endDate < March 13
c8: endDate = March 13
c9: March 13 < endDate < November 7
c10: endDate = November 7
c11: November 7 < endDate <= December 31
c12: endTime (24h)
actions
a1: calculate charge accordingly
a2: show error message
conditions
c1: January 1 <= startDate < March 13
c2: startDate = March 13
c3: March 13 < startDate < November 7
c4: startDate = November 7
c5: November 7 < startDate <= December 31
c6: startTime (24h)
c7: January 1 <= endDate < March 13
c8: endDate = March 13
c9: March 13 < endDate < November 7
c10: endDate = November 7
c11: November 7 < endDate <= December 31
c12: endTime (24h)
actions
a1: calculate charge accordingly
a2: show error message
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
1
T
T
T
T
2
T
T
T
T
3
T
T
T
T
4
T
T
T
T
5
T
T
T
T
X
X
X
X
X
6
T
T
T
T
7
T
T
T
T
8
T
T
T
T
9
T
T
T
T
10
T
T
T
T
X
X
X
X
X
16
T
T
T
T
17
T
T
T
T
18
T
T
T
T
X
X
X
19
T
T
T
T
20
T
T
T
T
X
X
21
T
T
T
T
22
T
T
T
T
23
T
T
T
T
24
T
T
T
T
X
X
X
X
25
T
T
T
T
11
T
T
T
T
12
T
T
T
T
X
X
13
T
T
T
T
14
T
T
T
T
15
T
T
T
T
X
X
X
Decision
Table
X
University of Waterloo
11
Agenda
Telephone Billing Example
 Flowchart → Decision Table Example

ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
12
Flowchart → Decision Table Example
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
13
Flowchart → Decision Table Example
CONDITION A
CONDITION B
CONDITION C
CONDITION D
ACTION 1
ACTION 2
ACTION 3
CONDITION A
CONDITION B
CONDITION C
CONDITION D
ACTION 1
ACTION 2
ACTION 3
RULE 4.1
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
RULE 1
YES
YES
I
YES
YES
NO
NO
RULE 2
YES
NO
I
I
YES
NO
NO
RULE 3
YES
YES
I
NO
NO
YES
NO
RULE 4
NO
I
YES
I
NO
YES
NO
RULE 5
NO
I
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
RULE 6
NO
I
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
RULE 1.1 RULE 1.2 RULE 2.1 RULE 2.2 RULE 2.3 RULE 2.4 RULE 3.1 RULE 3.2
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
RULE 4.2 RULE 4.3 RULE 4.4 RULE 5.1 RULE 5.2
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
University of Waterloo
RULE 6
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
RULE 6
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
14
Agenda


Telephone Billing Example
Flowchart → Decision Table Example
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
15
References


Software Testing A Craftsman's Approach
2nd edition, Paul C. Jorgensen, CRC
Press (Chapters 5, 6, and 7)
Software Testing Techniques, Second
Edition, Boris Beizer
ECE 453, Prof. Kontogiannis
University of Waterloo
16