PROJECT GUIDE
ASST. PROF. SUCHITA LAKRA
SUBMITTED BY
DEBADATTA PATRO (090101EER024)
MADHU SUDAN SAMANTRAY
BHUYAN (090101EER041)
G. ANIL KUMAR (090101EER059)
ANIL KUMAR SAHU (090101EER012)
SUBHRANSU KUMAR SAHU
(090101EER001)
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
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Power factor (PF) is a measurement by which we can
measure the efficiency of the electrical equipments as well
as ac electric power system on the basis of electrical energy
consumption. It determines power quality.
Due to inductive loads, the apparent power becomes greater
than the real power that increases the phase difference
between voltage and current. So, the power factor drops
below unity and the system becomes less efficient.
Our project deals with correcting the power factor to make it
closer to unity.
 It
Is a measure of how effectively the current
is being converted into useful work output
 It Is a good indicator of the effect of the load
current on the efficiency of the supply
system.
 Power factor = cosѲ, where ‘Ѳ’ is the phase
angle
 power factor=P/S, where p=real power,
s=apparent power.
Apparent power
Reactive power
KVAR
KW
Real power

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Since power factor is defined as the ratio of
KW to KVA, we see that low power factor
results when KW is small in relation to KVA.
Inductive loads are responsible for high
KVAR resulting a low power factor.
KVAR

KVA
KVA
KVAR
KW
KW
So , inductive loads (with large KVAR) result
in low power factor.

A high power factor is generally desirable in a
transmission system to reduce transmission losses .

Generally power factor correction is for two type of
loads :linear load, Non linear load.

Power factor correction brings the power factor of an
AC power circuit closer to 1 by supplying reactive
power.
Power
supply
Power line
Current
transformer
Incandescent
bulbs
Capacitor
bank
Switching
drives
Power factor
transducer
: LTPFU
relay
Microcontroller
Atmega 32
LCD display
(Block Diagram of the existing system)
(Block Diagram of the proposed
system)
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED FOR HARDWARE
IMPLEMENTATION
 POWER
•
•
FACTOR TRANSDUCER
Power Factor Transducers measure the power Factor in 1
Phase and 3 Phase electrical systems. The resulting
output signal is directly proportional to the system power
factor. The output can be connected to Recorders for
display, analysis or control.
In our project we are using a power factor transducer of
model: LTPFU.
Configuration Of Power Factor Transducer
Circuit
A
B
C
Y
I/P
I/P Current
Voltage
1f2W A
110V A
3f3W B
220V B
3f4W Y
Other Y
Other
1A
5A
Other
Frequency
A
B
Output
50Hz A 0~10mA DC
60Hz B 0~20mA DC
C 4~20mA DC
D 0~5V DC
E 1~5V DC
F 0~10V DC
Y Other
Aux. Power
A
C
D
E
N
Y
AC 110/220V (Dual
Power)
DC 24V
DC 110V
DC 125V
* Self-Power Mode
Other
 MICROCONTROLLER
• Here we are using a atmega16 microcontroller
When power factor improvement capacitor
banks are designed and arranged properly, the
PF correction scheme becomes efficient. The
capacitor bank is comprised of individual
capacitor elements.
 salient features of PF correction capacitor banks
are extremely high reliability with self-healing
capabilities; capable
of
controlling
the
requirement of kVARs to achieve PF as close as
unity; compact, efficient and long service life;
protected against over-voltage, over-current,
over temperature, switching surges.

 LCD
interfacing Program
 ADC Programming
Here soldering were done on 16*2 LCD for interface with
microcontroller 16 pin of LCD were connected with AVR
burner.Pin1-GND,Pin2-VCC,Pin3-GND,Pin4-PD0.4(5th
pin
PORT D), Pin5-PD0.5(6th pin PORT D), Pin6-PD0.6(7th pin
PORT D), Pin7-PA0.0(1th pin PORT A), Pin8-PA0.1(2th pin
PORT A),Pin9-PA0.2(3th pin PORT A), Pin10- PA0.3(4th pin
PORT A), Pin11- PA0.4(5th pin PORT A),Pin12- PA0.5(6th pin
PORT A), Pin13- PA0.6(7th pin PORT A), Pin14PA0.7(8th pin
PORT A),Pin15-VCC- (9th pin PORT C), Pin16- GND-(10th
pin PORT A)
Connection were done as per the function of the LCD and
microcontroller . Then we build the program in AVR-4
Software with no error and we got the output
http://cmrt.centralemarseille.fr/cpi/ever09/documents/papers/ev7/EVER09paper-142.
 http://blog.dianyuan.com/blog/u/51/1174286041.pdf
 http://www.mouser.com/ds/0/mikroElektronika/mikroc_
pro_avr_manual_v100-16829.pdf
 http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc2503.pdf
 http://www.mouser.com/ds/0/mikroElektronika/mikroc_
pro_avr_manual_v100-16829.pdf
 http://www.emtndia.net/equipment_tips/electrical_system/pdf/Diane%2
0Power%20Factor.pdf
