Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy Test Review Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? Physiology A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) Tissue Cells are to tissues as tissues are to Organs Be able to describe anatomical position Standing up Feet facing forward Arms at sides Palms forward Know your directional terms & which are alike & opposite Anterior/Ventral vs Posterior/Dorsal Superior vs Inferior Medial vs Lateral Which directional term refers to the back? Posterior/Dorsal The heart is ________ to the lungs? Medial In atatomical position, the wrist is ____________ to the elbow. Distal Which type of section divides the body into anterior & posterior portions? Frontal/coronal Visceral refers to Internal organs Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate? Thoracic & abdominal The liver would be found in which cavity? Abdominal The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? hypogastric Homeostasis refers to Stable internal conditions In which quadrant would the pain of acute appendicitis be felt? Lower right quadrant The study of the body's organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called? Systemic anatomy The study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most medical schools) is called Regional anatomy X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and other technologies used to create pictures of internal structures are examples of Anatomical imaging Which organ systems is/are involved in transporting or exchanging gases in the body? Respiratory Cardiovascular/circulatory The organ system that consists of the skin, hair, and nails, and protects the body and prevents water loss is the Integumentary The organ system that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood and lymph, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and combats disease is the Lymphatic system Given these structures: Organ, organelle, chemical, cell, organism, organ system, tissue Arrange the structures in the correct order from smallest to largest: Chemical Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism The organ system that consists of glands such as the pituitary and thyroid glands and is a major regulatory system is the Endocrine system The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the Cell What is a function of negative feedback mechanisms? Maintain homeostasis What are the two examples of a positive-feedback mechanisms given in class? Chronic hypertension Childbirth From the anatomical position, the scapula (shoulder blade) is always _____ to the ribs Dorsal Posterior Superficial A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves is also correctly called the Midsaggital plane The term that would best describe an injury (lesion) of the upper arm is a(n) Brachial lesion A cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as a(n) Oblique section The trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and the Pelvis The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the Diaphragm The mediastinum divides what? The thoracic cavity into two parts The heart is found in what cavities/structures? Mediastinum Thoracic cavity The fluid found between serous membrane layers does what? Reduces friction Which of these statements about serous membranes is true? A. Serous membranes line cavities that open to the outside of the body. B. Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs. C. Retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by both parietal and visceral serous membranes. D. Serous membranes surround the pleural and peritoneal cavities, but not the pericardial cavity. E. All of these are true. B The pericardial cavity contains ___. Pericardial fluid The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what type of organs? Retroperitoneal Given the cavities: 1. Abdominal cavity, 2. Pelvic cavity, 3. Oral cavity, 4. Pericardial cavity Which of these cavities are lined with serous membranes? Abdominal Pelvic Pericardial A girl is lying on her left side. Her right ear is _____ to her nose. Posterior Lateral Differentiation occurs when Some portions of DNA become (or remain active) while other portions become (or remain) inactive. A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components? Sensor Control Effector center A feedback mechanism that takes the body away from homeostasis is Positive feedback mechanism A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is Negative feedback mechanism In anatomic terms, the forearm is the _____ region and the fingers are the _____ region. Antebrachial, digital In anatomic terms, the posterior portion of the elbow is the ____ region. olecranal The dorsal body cavity contains what two cavities? Cranial Vertebral The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within which trunk cavity? thoracic The coxal region refers to the hip The lowest level of organization in the body is the _______ level. chemical The upper and lower extremities compose the ________ portion of the body. appendicular Human somatic (body) cells contain the diploid number of chromosomes which is 46 Mitosis results in what type of cells? Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Frontal Section Divides the body into anterior & posterior parts (front & back) Sagittal section Divides the body into right & left halves Longitudinal section A cut across the long axis of an organ Transverse section Divides the body into superior & inferior parts. Divides an organ at right angles to the long axis Oblique section A cut across the axis of an organ at any angle other than a right angle Thoracic cavity Surrounded by rib cage, bounded inferiorly by diaphragm Pelvic cavity Contains the bladder, enclosed by pelvic bones Abdominal cavity Contains liver, stomach, kidneys & spleen Pericardial cavity Contains the heart, but not lungs Pleural cavity contains heart. lungs, but not