Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit Dr. Jim Bergquist jbergquist@lcsc.org Lakes Country Service Cooperative August 2010 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 IPv6 Survival Kit Session Goals Brief overview of IPv6 topics to build confidence in configuring IPv6 Explore ways in which IPv4 and IPv6 can coexist on devices Use Packet Tracer to build, configure and troubleshoot a simple IPv6 network Take away knowledge, tips and resources for effectively adding IPv6 content to Discovery 4 and Exploration 4 Provide your students with fun and interesting facts about this important protocol IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 A big “Thank you” to … Michael McKeever, Computer Networking and Security Instructor, Santa Rosa Junior College, Petaluma, CA Dallas Shiroma, Manager of Emerging Technologies, Pacific Center for Advanced Technology Training, Honolulu, HI IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3 Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space … and other fun stuff IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4 Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space 128 bit addresses 2 128 is a very large number Assign one IPv6 address per grain of sand Fill here How many grains of sand would be needed to use all IPv6 addresses? Fill Earth-sized containers with the sand Sand Grain Hollow Earth-sized container Earth drawing credit: http://flickr.com/photos/ontdesign/ http://search.creativecommons.org/ © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IPv6 & Packet Tracer Cisco Public 5 Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space The filled Earth-sized containers would make 20 circles around the outer orbit of our solar system (Pluto) Our Solar System Blue dots are Earth- sized containers Based on image from public image gallery at http://www.eso.org/ IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 Features Enhanced by IPv6 See Chapter 7 of Exploration, Accessing the WAN, Chapter 6 of Discovery, Designing and Supporting Computer Networks Address autoconfiguration Plug and Play networking with wide variety of devices Connectivity to roaming mobile devices Built-in Security – Security is easier Better reliability through multihoming hosts More efficient route aggregation Simpler packet header Many devices and apps already support IPv6 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7 IPv6 Address Format, Types and Scopes Just what we need to know IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8 IPv6 Address Format 128 bits separated into eight blocks of 16 bits, as hex: FC00:00D3:0000:2F00:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A In each 16-bit block, leading zeros may be removed: FC00:00D3:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A FC00:D3:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A Adjacent zeroes can be compressed (once): FC00:D3::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 Prefix Length, Allocation of Bits Example: 2001:DB8:0:2F00:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64 Prefix length (number of network bits) is 64 Same notation as CIDR in IPv4, no subnet masks 16 subnet bits, (/49 to /64) given to a site – 65,535 LANs! Usually 64 bits are used for hosts in IPv6 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10 Types of IPv6 Addresses Unicast (one to one) Also: Multicast (one to many) Loopback (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) Anycast (one to “nearest,” not widely used) No broadcasts in IPv6 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11 Unicast IPv6 Address Scopes Link-local addresses—only on single link, not routed FE80 prefix Unique-local addresses—routed within private network FC00 prefix Global unicast addresses—globally routable 2001 prefix currently being issued 64 bit host portion IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12 IPv6 Address Assignment Often, it does the work for us IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13 IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration Static assignments are also possible Host automatically configures its own link-local address With link-local address, a host discovers connected routers to obtain a global prefix A host then builds its own global unicast address IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14 Stateless Autoconfiguration Process Uses MAC Address 48 bit MAC Address 00 00 00 90 90 27 90 27 27 17 FF FE FF FE FC 0F 17 FC 17 FC 0F 0F 1 = Unique 000000U0 64 bits become part of IPv6 address IPv6 & Packet Tracer Where U= U=1 02 90 27 FF © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 0 = Not Unique FE 17 FC Cisco Public 0F 15 Stateless Autoconfiguration Only the network part of the address is supplied in the ipv6 address command Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing Router(config)#int fa0/1 Router(config-if)#ipv6 addr 2001:db8::/64 eui-64 Router(config-if)#ipv6 enable Router(config-if)#no shut IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16 Stateless Autoconfiguration Router’s fa0/1 interface generates its link-local address and global unicast address Router#sho ipv6 int bri FastEthernet0/0 [administratively down/down] FastEthernet0/1 [up/up] FE80::201:42FF:FE44:3C02 2001:DB8::201:42FF:FE44:3C02 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 Good Practice in IPv6 Addressing Hosts should have globally routable addresses created with stateless autoconfiguration Use 2001 prefix Use /64 eui-64 to create them Serial links between routers should not use globally routable addresses Use FC00 prefix and static addressing Use a prefix length /64 However, the prefix length could also be, for example, /112 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 Good Practice in IPv6 Addressing Static addresses between routers Stateless autoconfiguration for hosts IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19 Commands for Students to Compare IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20 Commands for Students to Compare show ip interface brief show ip route show ip protocols IPv6 & Packet Tracer show ipv6 interface brief show ipv6 route show ipv6 protocols © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21 Ping Command for IPv6 Cisco routers, Packet Tracer routers and Packet Tracer PCs use ping Windows XP uses ping6 Packet Tracer PCs and Windows XP uses ipv6config IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22 Configuring IPv6 RIP Differs slightly from RIP for IPv4 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23 Global Commands Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing (enable IPv6) Router(config)#ipv6 router rip CIRCUS (define a routing process called CIRCUS) IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24 Interface Commands- Auto Config Router(config)#int fa0/0 Router(config-if)#ipv6 enable Router(config-if)#ipv6 addr 2001:db8:2:3::/64 eui-64 Router(config-if)#ipv6 rip CIRCUS enable Router(config-if)#no shut The router is now configured with IPv6 RIP on fa0/0 Repeat for other involved interfaces Ensure that the PCs are set for Auto Config in the Config Tab The IPv4 network command is not used IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25 IPv4 and IPv6 Co-existence Configuring Dual Stack IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26 Dual Stack Example Dual stack means configuring IPv4 and IPv6 on router interfaces and PCs No special router commands needed Works on any router that supports IPv6 Main tasks: Configure IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on appropriate interfaces Enable RIP and IPv6 RIP routing protocols (or OSPF and OSPFv3) Note: The IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables are separate IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27 PC0 is a Dual Stack Host Ping from an IPv4 host to PC0 Destination IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28 PC0 is a Dual Stack Host Ping from an IPv6 host to PC0 Destination IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29 IPv4 Routing Table, Router1 Router1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, … <output omitted> Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/0/1 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 R 192.168.7.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30 IPv6 Routing Table, Router1 Router1#sho ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 6 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP C 2001:DB8:0:1::/64 [0/0] FastEthernet0/0 L 2001:DB8:0:1:202:16FF:FE53:4601/128 [0/0] ::, FastEthernet0/0 R 2001:DB8:0:7::/64 [120/1] via FE80::2D0:BCFF:FEAB:6681, Serial0/0/0 C FC00:0:0:1::/64 [0/0] L FC00:0:0:1::2/128 [0/0] L FF00::/8 [0/0] IPv6 & Packet Tracer via ::, via via ::, Serial0/0/0 via ::, Serial0/0/0 via ::, Null0 © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31 Configuring Dual Stack - Lab Open this lab with Packet Tracer 5.3 Work with a neighbor on questions that arise IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32 ICMPv6 Packet Type Numbers You can look at packet details with Packet Tracer IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33 Some ICMPv6 Type Numbers Activity: Use Packet Tracer in Simulation mode Click a packet to see type number Router Advertisement (Neighbor Discovery)- 134 Specific to IPv6 Sent periodically to neighbors v6 Echo Request (ping)- 128 Compare with v4: Type 8 v6 Echo Reply (ping)- 129 Type 134 Compare with v4: Type 0 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34 IPv6 Modeling in Packet Tracer IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35 IPv6 Modeling in Packet Tracer In PT, click Help. In browser, click Modeling, Layer 3 IP Addressing topics Click Modeling, Routing IPv6 routing protocols IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36 Links to Additional Information IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37 Additional Information Portals, Forums, information sites “IPv6” (go to) General IPv6 information, FAQ, links go6, (“The IPv6 portal”) (go to) Upcoming events, blog, wiki, newsletter, member area IPv6 Task Force (“The IPv6 Portal”) (go to) Introduction, news, pressroom, RSS, IPv6 Guide, and Portal The IPv6 Forum (go to) Events, news, book recommendations, government news, competitions, and an “IPv4 Exhaustion Counter”! IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38 Additional Information Useful RFCs and lists IETF RFC repository (go to) Find an RFC if you know its number networksorcery.com list of IPv6 RFCs (go to) Excellent searchable list, including obsoleted RFCs Microsoft IPv6 implementation (go to) RFCs used to implement IPv6 in Windows 2003 Server and XP IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39 Additional Information Introduction to IPv6 – Why IPv6? (go to) Overview and In-depth sections Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to) Excellent source for learning and troubleshooting List of RFCs for IPv6 (go to) Useful for understanding Cisco IPv6 implementations A description of address types IPv6 Introduction video podcast by Darrel Root IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40 Related Academy Conference Sessions IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41 Related Academy Conference Session Material IPv6 and Packet Tracer, Dr. Jim Bergquist, 2009 Getting Ready for IPv6, Dr. Ron Kovac and graduate students, 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit, Julian Carranza, 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit, Michael McKeever, 2010 Will include a lab for configuring NetLabs IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42 List of Activities in IPv6 and Packet Tracer From 2009 conference Stateless Autoconfiguration Stateless Autoconfig.pkt Build an IPv6 EUI-64 Address.doc (A separate activity) IPv6 RIP IPv6 RIP.pkt IPv6 OSPF IPv6 OSPF CCNP Lab 8-1.pkt Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packets Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packet types.doc (and answers) ICMPv4 ICMPv6 packets.pkt IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43 List of Activities in IPv6 and Packet Tracer Broken Networks 3 Router-IPv6 RIP-broken1.pkt IPv6 RIP-broken2.pkt Unconfigured Network Unconfigured.pkt (Configured.pkt included for reference) Dual Stack Dual stack-both IPv6 and IPv4.pkt Upgrade IOS for PT 2620XM to support IPv6 Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router.doc Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router_ANSWERS.doc No pkt file IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44 Obtaining Conference Materials Go to https://cisco.webex.com/meet/kalderso Click the Files tab Select the + to expand the “2009USAcadConf” folder, OR Select the + to expand the “2010USAcadConf” folder (It will be posted after completion of all conferences) Download the files you want IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 45 Obtaining Conference Materials Another method, for 2010 materials Login to the 2010 Virtual Academy Conference In the Resource Room, session materials are posted for each conference separately IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46 Topics Not Covered Here … … but check the additional resources I’ve referenced IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47 Topics Covered in Other Resources See the links to resources and additional information Why IPv6, and why not NAT? Time frame for implementation Details of the parts of the address Special addresses Type and scope of addresses Details of packet header Neighbor discovery IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48 Topics Covered in Other Resources See the links to resources and additional information IPv6 ACLs Security with IPv6 Mobility with IPv6 IPv4 to IPv6 migration: dual stack, tunneling, translation Current deployment status of IPv6 Some IPv6 sites on internet Tunneling IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49 Q&A IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 50 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 51 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52 FAQ Area IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53 Where is IPv6 covered in Exploration? Network Fundamentals 6.3.6 Routing Protocols and Concepts 1.1.3, 3.1.1, 5.1.1, 10.2.3, 11.1.1, 11.7.1 LAN Switching and Wireless no coverage Accessing the WAN 7.0.1, 7.3, 7.5.1 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54 Where is IPv6 covered in Discovery? Networking for Home and Small Businesses No coverage Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP 4.1.6 Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise 5.2.1 Designing and Supporting Computer Networks 6.3 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55 What are the “Documentation” Addresses? Addresses within 2001:db8::/32 range should be used only in examples given in documentation for networking scenarios or tutorials IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56 Does BGP Support IPv6? The current version of BGP is BGP4 BGP4 does support IPv6 See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-ipv6-01 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 57 What IOS do I need to run IPv6? You need 12.0(21)T, or later, or 12.2(2)T or later To find out when a command was introduced, see the Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to). Locate the command. The listing will show when it was introduced Also see Cisco IOS Software Release Specifics for IPv6 Features (go to) The Packet Tracer 2620XM router does not support IPv6 unless you upgrade the IOS image IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 58 How many IPv6 addresses can I configure? Example, of IPv4 address and four IPv6 addresses, in addition to link-local address (not shown) Router#show run (part of output) interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ipv6 address 2001:1:1::/64 eui-64 ipv6 address 2001:DB8:2::1/112 ipv6 address FC00:1:3::1/112 ipv6 address FC00:1:4::1/112 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59 IPv6 & Packet Tracer © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60