ECE 1020 FINAL PRESENTATION
TA: Chris Reilly
Group 5: Benjamin, Ramie, Zachary, Dinal
Ramie
Abounaja BME
Zac Chalup BME
Dinal J - BME
Ben Asma BME
A sensor is a device which can be used to take physical
readings from the environment and then convert them into
a form that can be understood easily. This data can in turn
be used for various purposes.
The project our group carried out tested two types of
sensors:
• Sonar Sensor
• Light Sensor
• The value returned is the
distance of the sensor
from the closest object
• The sensor used in the lab
had a range of 0 – 4 ft
• The sensor measures the amount
of reflected light that it receives
an assigns a value based on a
scale
• Sensor readings have a range
from 0 - 255
Reading
(sonar)
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
43
61
115
168
220
259
310
355
400
449
489
539
588
638
695
729
785
857
878
930
986
1026
1072
1123
1166
1214
Distance
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Light Sensor
250
200
Reading
Distance
150
100
50
0
0
2
4
6
Distance (cm)
8
10
12
Reading
(Light
Sensor)
8
9
11
37
78
146
156
170
183
187
195
Interactive C code
Shown below is the Interactive C code for our light sensor.
void main()
{
while(!start_button());
// Press Start Button
while(1)
// Continue infinitely
{
sleep(0.3); //the program waits for 0.3 seconds
/*the program will display the output integer value of the
sensor on the screen*/
printf("\n Output %d", analog(6));
}
}
• Light from the surroundings affected some of
the readings we obtained from our light
sensor
• The sonar sensor had a tendency to give
different readings when the experiment was
repeated at the same distance from the
object
•
•
•
Oscilloscope
- shows a graphical output
- time domain version of waveform/signal
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
- displays a numerical output
- can measure voltage, current, and resistance
DC Power Supply
- provides a source of voltage or current
- can generate voltage from -25V to +25 V
• It plots voltage on the y axis, and time on the x axis.
• The amplitude of the signal can be found from the
•
vertical distance from the x axis to the peak.
A user is able to adjust the appearance of a waveform
by using knobs on the oscilloscope.
• It can measure voltage, current and resistance
• It represents a complete signal with a single value.
• The user can select buttons to measure voltage, resistance,
•
and current.
Three terminals - red (voltage, resistance, small currents), white
(large currents), black (common terminal)
How do you
find the
current in
this circuit?
R1 = 1KΩ
3V
R2 = 1KΩ
Use
Ohm’s
Law!!!!!
0V
I = 6 mA
1.5V
Req = .25K Ω
• Same
current
through entire circuit
• Battery
shared
voltage
is
• The total resistance
of the circuit is given
by the following
formula:
Req = R1 + R2+…….
1.5V
R1 = .5K Ω
I = 3 mA
I = 3 mA
I = 6 mA
• Current is shared
• Voltage across each
component is the same
as that of the power
source
• The total resistance of
the circuit is given by the
following formula:
1
1
1


Re q R1 R 2
Anode = 1.5V
Diode
1.5V
R = .5K Ω
• The diode acts
tollbooth
as
a
• Doesn’t allow any current
to flow through the circuit
unless the power source
has a voltage greater than
a specified amount
•In the lab, the power supply was used to generate voltage
•pressed,
To turn on the output, the “Output On/Off” button is
and the “+6” button is pressed to enter the
amount of voltage the user wants. ( in the lab 3V was
used)
Once the voltage is entered, the “Output On/Off” button is
pressed to turn the output off while a circuit can be
connected to the Power Supply
The banana end of a cable is plugged into the red +6V
terminal, and the banana end of another cable is plugged
into the -6V terminal.
The mini grabbers are attached to the circuit, and the
“Output On/Off” button is pressed to turn the output on.
•
•
•
By setting up the circuit as
shown, we varied the output
voltage from the power source
and checked to see if the
current recorded by the
multimeter agreed with the
group’s calculated answer
• AC Circuits – circuit with current of varying amplitude
• Varied the current from the power source and measured the
corresponding amplitude of the current on the oscilloscope
•
•
•
Multisim is a virtual circuit design program used to
simulate AC and DC circuits.
Circuits are displayed on a grid allowing users to freely
observe/modify their circuit.
During the lab, the group created basic AC and DC
circuits and used virtual measuring tools such as
multimeters and oscilloscopes to measure the current
and various other aspects of the circuit.
• Designed an actual AM Radio
using the given components and
instructions
• All components of the circuit had
to be manually soldered in.
And two weeks later……
Ah….. That;s
my song ;)
• Gather sensor data
• Actuate servos
• Process image data
and light LEDs
• Communicate with
smartphones for
home automation
• Many, many more
possibilities!
The experiment involved connecting the
light emitting diode to the breadboard
and running the program to display
different colors on the LED.
By varying the time interval,
displayed a spectrum of colors.
we
Servo
motor
• Control the rotation
of a standard servo
motor
• Control the speed
of a continuous
Servo
servo
connector rotation
motor based on the
light intensity
Light sensor
Servo
connector
Resistor
Servo
motor
• Varied the light received by the light sensor using the
torch on a smartphone
• Observed that a higher light intensity resulted in a higher
motor speed
The End