Index
Baltimore, MD
Nicholas Leonard
Structural Option
The Pennsylvania State University
BAE/MAE of Architectural Engineering
Advisor: Kevin Parfitt
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
And a many thanks to
BALLINGER for supplying a full set of drawings, and permission to use renderings.
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

-Modular Units
-Beige and Red Terra Cotta
-Cantilever Section
-Additional Helipad
Index
Location: 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
Function: Renovation including an additional five operating rooms and 60 patient rooms.
Total Floor Area: 140,000 sq. ft.
Height: 7 Stories + Penthouse (~116 ft.)
Anticipated Completion: 2013
Cost: $89,225,671 (structure only)
Contract Type: Guaranteed Max Price
Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Alfred P. Murrah
Federal Building
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure
Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
• Largest to likely occur
• Similar charge weight as Oklahoma
City Bombing
• Challenging design
Ground Surface
2 ft
22.5 ft
12 ft
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

The Blast Curve & Dynamic Behavior:
Impulse load followed by a period of free vibration.
Structure dissipates energy through plastic yielding of reinforcement, and resists impulse from concrete’s mass.
Positive and negative phase.
Large Peak Overpressure.
Short Duration.
Explosion Types and Reflectance:
Free-Air Bursts vs. Ground Surface
Bursts
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna
Material Properties:
Material Design
Strength
Concrete
Steel
Reinforcement
6000 psi
60 ksi
Strength
Increase
Factor
1.26
1.1
Dynamic
Increase
Factor
1.19
1.1
Actual
Strength
8996 psi
72.6 ksi
Index
Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Type of Program:
Extreme event, non-linear dynamic, finite element analysis (LSTG).
LS-PrePost is user friendly interface
Compatibility:
Had to reduce file size to compute.
Final file size ~ 550 MB, and required 60 GB of memory to perform analysis
High Performance Computing:
Set up Hammer Account with Penn State
Completed one iteration in a 24 hr time span
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure
Keyword Format
Cards
Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna
3” Meshing Cubes
My Model:
Index
Predictions
Concrete Mesh (solid element)
Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM
Reinforcement (beam element)
Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Time Step Snapshots
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Element
Column
1ft Strip of Slab
Hand Calculations:
Ductility
103
Not Valid
Joint Rotation
4.02 deg
Not Valid
Response Limit
4.0 deg (N.G.)
6.0 deg (N.G.)
Recommended Redesign:
Increasing Standoff Distance
OR
Hardening of the Structure
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions
½” steel jacket surrounding all five column along column line B.
½” plate steel, increase thickness to 8”, and add additional #7 reinforcement for above slab.
Element
Column
1ft Strip of Slab
Ductility
13.8
9.28
Joint Rotation Response Limit
2.72 deg 4.0 deg (Good)
5.31 deg 6.0 deg (Good)
Index
Material
Concrete
Rebar
Steel Plate
Analysis & Results
Quantity
312 CY
118 Tons
29265 sq ft
Breadth: BIM
Unit Price
$124/CY
$1050/Ton
$25.50/sq ft
Total
Breadth: SHG
Subtotal
$38688
$123900
$746257
$908845
Conclusion

Disaster Plann
Major BIM Goals: in
• Use FEM to more accurately design for blast.
• Shift from using 2D paper based drawings onsite to a 3D model on a tablet.
• Better communication between the design team and contractor.
• Minimize the amount of change orders.
• No items on punch list by project turnover.
• More precise modeling of existing conditions.
• Have the system perform during operations as designed.
• Increase efficiency of equipment maintenance.
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Purpose for a BIM Execution Plan ultimately is to save money through efficiency during design and construction by better means of communication.
1. Defining goals and BIM Uses
2. Organize processes
3. Develop Information
Exchanges/Deliverables
4. Set up infrastructure
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna
Level 2: Disaster Planning
D EFINE WHAT
CONSTITUTES AS A
DISASTER AND
MAGNITUDE S TART
P ROCESS
D ETERMINE WHAT
AVAILABLE RESOURCES
ARE ACCESSIBLE AND
NEARBY
M ODEL THE DIFFERENT
SCENARIOS USING
APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE
D EVELOP AN IMMEDIATE
ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR
P LAN
D EVELOP EVACUATION
PLANS FOR EACH LEVEL
OF DISASTER
N O
D OES IT MEET
REQUIREMENTS ?
Y ES
S TART
P ROCESS
Index
Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Disaster Plann
Method: in
• ASTM E1300 and F2248
Why consider glass in blast design?
SHG Calculation & Comparison:
Type
1/4” annealed
5/8” fully temp. w/ PVB Interlayer
U-Factor
0.58
2.3
SHGC
0.69
0.8
Shade IAC
0.8
0.92
Index
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results
Existing
Breadth: BIM
Redesign
Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Introduction
Project Information
Depth: Blast Analysis
Existing Structure
Scenario
Blast Phenomenon
Ls-Dyna
Predictions
Analysis and Results
Breadth: BIM
Breadth: Glass Redesign
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion

Index
Introduction Project Information Depth: Blast Analysis Existing Structure Scenario
Blast Phenomenon LS-Dyna Predictions Analysis & Results Breadth: BIM Breadth: SHG Conclusion