1_2_6_A MaximumMotorPower
advertisement
Maximizing Motor Power at Constant Voltage Principles Of Engineering © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Speed Depends on Load Torque When a motor is loaded with no torque, it spins at no-load speed, w0 . w0 = no-load speed When a motor is loaded with the stall torque tstall or more, the motor will stop. tstall = stall torque Speed w Speed vs. Torque is Linear w0 No-load speed Half speed Stall −ππ π= β π + ππ ππππππ tstall Torque t Speed w Optional slide for the genius: Speed vs. Torque Depends on Voltage Torque t Power Power = Torque x Angular Speed P=t•w Speed w Power = Torque x Speed w0 No power. Why? No power. Why? tstall Torque t Speed w Maximum Power at ½ Stall Torque w0 −ππ π= β π + ππ ππππππ Maximum power. Why? 1 tstall 2 Torque t tstall Why half stall torque? −ππ π= β π + ππ ππππππ Linear equation from last slide. Multiply both −ππ π·= β π + ππ (π) sides by torque, ππππππ product on left is power. −ππ π π·= β π + ππ π ππππππ Down-facing parabola. Maximum Power at 1/2 Stall Torque Power P −ππ π π·= β π + ππ π ππππππ No load Maximum power 1 tstall 2 Torque t Stall VEX Application: Pick a Gear Ratio Step 1. This motor is stalled. What is the stall torque? tstall = d x Fβ΄ = (3 in.)(1.4 lb) = 4.2 lbΞin. VEX motor Step 2. At what torque will the motor deliver maximum power? tmaxPower = ½ tstall = ½ (4.2 lbΞin.) = 2.1 lbΞin. VEX Application: Pick a Gear Ratio Step 3. The same motor as in the last slide is being used to power a winch with a drum of radius 2 in. lifting 0.2 lb. What torque is the motor applying? tout = d x Fβ΄ F = 0.2 lbs = (2 in.)(0.2 lb) = 0.4 lbΞin. VEX Application: Pick a Gear Ratio Step 4. Instead of direct drive, what gear ratio would make the motor deliver maximum power? GR = τout 0.4 in.β lb = τin 2.1 in.β lb F = 0.2 lbs 12 teeth = 0.19 β 60 teeth VEX Application: Pick a Gear Ratio Now the winch is geared so that the motor is delivering half its stall torque, for maximum power. GR GR== τout 0.4 in.β lb = τin 2.1 in.β lb 12 teeth = 0.19 β 60 teeth Human Application: Bicycle “gears” Can you explain why changing “gears” on a bike helps a person win a race that goes up and down hills? References MIT Center for Innovation in Product Development (1999). Designing with DC Motors. Retrieved from http://lancet.mit.edu/motors/index.html Micromo (n.d.). DC Motors Tutorials. Retrieved from http://www.micromo.com/dc-motor-tutorials.aspx Wikipedia (2009). Derailleur Bicycle Drivetrain. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Derailleur_Bicycle_Drivet rain.svg
