The South African Forestry and
Forest Products Industry 2011
Produced By Roger Godsmark
Forestry South Africa, February 2013
Presentation Outline
Introduction
The importance of the Forestry Industry
The importance of the Forest Products Industry
Industry Contribution to Employment
Investment
Industry Contribution to GDP
Industry Contribution to Foreign Trade
Section 1
Introduction
Land Use in South Africa
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
13.8%
9.6%
6.9%
1.0%
1 273 357 ha
68.6%
Total RSA land area – 122.3 million ha
Land Use in Mpumalanga
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
28.5%
Other
Forestry
3.9%
6.3%
21.6%
518 994 ha
39.6%
Total Mpum. land area – 8.2 million ha (6.7% of total)
Land Use in KwaZulu Natal
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
15.1%
12.7%
8.5%
5.5%
503 212 ha
58.3%
Total KZN land area – 9.1 million ha (7.5% of total)
Land Use in the Eastern Cape
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
6.8%
3.7%
8.7%
0.8%
141 413 ha
80.0%
Total E. Cape land area – 17.1 million ha (13.9% of total)
Land Use in the Western Cape
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
20.0%
5.6%
3.5%
0.5%
61 455 ha
70.4%
Total W. Cape land area – 12.9 million ha (10.6% of total)
Land Use in Limpopo
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
14.4%
9.7%
1.5%
0.4%
48 284ha
74.0%
Total Limpopo land area – 12.0 million ha (9.8% of total)
Plantation Area as % of Land Area by
Province
Mpumalanga
6.34%
KZN
5.50%
E.Cape
0.83%
W. Cape
0.47%
Limpopo
0.40%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
% of Land Area Afforested
6%
7%
Land Use Comparisons
2001, 2006 & 2011
2001
2006
2011
2.859
Maize
2.032
3.189
1.273
1.282
1.352
Forestry
0.605
0.765
0.974
Wheat
0.376
0.428
0.429
Sugar
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Million Hectares
Drop in Forestry Area – 79 000 ha (5.8%)
4.5
Plantation Area Comparisons
2011
China
46.670
India
32.578
Russia
17.340
USA
16.238
Japan
10.682
Indonesia
9.871
Brazil
4.982
Thailand
4.920
Ukraine
4.425
Iran
2.284
RSA
1.273
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
Million Hectares
40.0
50.0
60.0
Section 2
The Forestry Industry
Plantation Area by Species 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
7.9% 0.4%
51.1%
40.6%
Total – 1 273 357 ha
Plantation Area by Ownership 2011
Corporate
SAFCOL
Commercial Farmers
State/ Municipalities
20.1%
Corporate (Ex Safcol)
Small Growers
11.3%
10.0%
6.9%
3.5%
48.1%
Total – 1 273 357 ha
Plantation Area by Province 2011
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
KZN
E. Cape
W. Cape
4.8% 3.8%
11.1%
40.8%
39.5%
Total – 1 273 357 ha
Plantation Area by Province and Genera 2011
Softwood
Hardwood
211 799
Mpumalanga
307 194
364 245
KZN
138 967
23 411
E.Cape
118 002
20 947
27 337
Limpopo
2 057
W. Cape
59 398
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
Total – 650 898 ha (softwood)
Total – 622 468 ha (hardwood)
500 000
Planted Area Comparisons
by Province & Species 2011
Limpopo
W Cape
Pine
27 337
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
59 398
Mpumalanga
138 967
118 002
KZN
307 194
193 527
20 476
1 671
20 773
15 185
2 429
11
72
E Cape
280 191
82 909
1 145
3 088
506
375
102
0
50 000
100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000
Hectares
Pine Plantation Area by Province 2011
Mpumalanga
KZN
E Cape
W Cape
Limpopo
4.2%
9.1%
18.1%
47.2%
21.4%
Total – 650 898 ha (51.1% of total)
Eucalyptus Plantation Area by Region
2011
Mpumalanga
KZN
E Cape
W Cape
Limpopo
54.2%
4.0%
0.3%
4.0%
37.5%
Total – 516 638 ha (40.4% of total)
Wattle Plantation Area by Region 2011
Mpumalanga
KZN
E Cape
W Cape
Limpopo
82.4%
2.4%
0.0%
0.1%
15.1%
Total – 106 600 ha (7.9% of total)
Other Hardwood Plantation Area
by Region 2011
Mpumalanga
KZN
E Cape
W Cape
22.0%
9.7%
59.2%
7.2%
2.0%
Total – 5 216 ha (0.4% of total)
Limpopo
Plantation Area by Management
Objectives 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Mining Timber
Poles
36.1%
4.5%
3.0%
55.8%
0.7%
Total – 1 273 357 ha
Other
Softwood Plantation Area by
Management Objectives 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Mining Timber
Poles
36.1%
4.5%
3.0%
55.8%
0.7%
Total – 650 898 ha
Other
Hardwood Plantation Area by
Management Objectives 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Mining Timber
Poles
2.9%
9.1%
4.3%
0.8%
82.9%
Total – 622 460 ha
Other
Plantation Area by Province and Ownership
2011
Public
Private
392 632
Mpumalanga
126 361
473 311
KZN
29 901
110 942
E.Cape
30 471
25 775
22 509
Limpopo
KLF included in
“Public”
54 619
W. Cape
Leased Safcol
packages included in
“Private”
6 836
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
500 000
Total Private – 1 057 279 ha (83.0%)
Total Public – 216 078 ha (17.0%)
600 000
Percentage Plantation Ownership
by Province 2011
Publicly Owned
Privately Owned
100%
80%
53%
76%
60%
78%
89%
94%
W. Cape
KZN
40%
20%
0%
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
E.Cape
Province
Total Private – 1 057 279 ha (83.0%)
Total Public – 216 078 ha (17.0%)
Plantation Area by Species and Ownership
2011
Public
488 308
Pine
162 590
467 840
Eucalyptus
48 797
96 882
Wattle
Other Hard.
Private
3 724
4 249
967
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
500 000
Total Private – 1 057 279 ha (83.0%)
Total Public – 216 078 ha (17.0%)
600 000
Percentage Plantation Ownership
by Species 2011
Publicly Owned
Privately Owned
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
75%
81%
91%
50%
96%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Pine
Other Hard.
Eucalyptus
Species
Total Private – 1 057 279 ha (83.0%)
Total Public – 216 078 ha (17.0%)
Wattle
Planted Area Comparisons
by Province & Product 2011
Limpopo
Pulpwood
224
186
W Cape
28 366
91 085
54 541
35 053
4 266
Mining Timber
1 841
Mpumalanga
260 214
72 805
Sawlogs
E Cape
KZN
421 352
206 003
45 827
4 971
4 789
6 950
20 121
6 689
8 074
Other
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
500 000
Roundwood Production
by Product 2011
12.645
Pulpwood
4.179
Sawlogs
Mining Timber
0.838
Poles
0.433
Other
0.423
0
3
6
3
Million m
9
12
Total – 7.6 million m3 / 7.8mt (softwood)
Total – 10.9 million m3 / 8.2mt (hardwood)
15
Roundwood Production
by Province and Genera 2011
Hardwood
Softwood
7.771
KZN
2.204
2.526
Mpumalanga
3.682
E. Cape
0.259
Limpopo
0.367
0.212
1.094
W. Cape 0.011
0.392
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
Million m
Total – 7.6 million m3 / 7.8mt (softwood)
Total – 10.9 million m3 / 8.2mt (hardwood)
9
Roundwood Production
by Province and Genera 2011
Softwood
Hardwood
9.975
KZN
6.208
Mpumalanga
1.353
E. Cape
0.578
Limpopo
0.403
W. Cape
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
3
Million m
Total – 7.6 million m3 / 7.8mt (softwood)
Total – 10.9 million m3 / 8.2mt (hardwood)
14
Roundwood Production ex Plantations
by Province & Product 2011
Other
KZN
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
9.104
0.611
0.260
Mpum
2.055
0.895
3.257
0.270
0.796
0.287
E. Cape
Limpopo
0.013
0.353
0.212
W. Cape
0.000
0.364
0.040
0
2
4
6
8
10
Million m3
Total – 18.5 million m3 or 16.0 million tons
Roundwood Production ex Plantations
by Province & Product 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
9.975
KZN
Mpum
6.208
1.353
E. Cape
578
Limpopo
403
W. Cape
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Million m3
Total – 18.5 million m3 or 16.0 million tons
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Province 2011
KZN
Mpumalanga
E. Cape
Limpopo
W. Cape
7.3%
3.1%
33.5%
2.2%
53.9%
Total – 18.5 million m3 or 16.0 million tons
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Product 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Mining Timber
22.6%
Poles
Other
4.5%
2.3%
2.3%
68.3%
Total – 18.5 million m3 or 16.0 million tons
Softwood Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Product 2011
Sawlogs
46.6%
Pulpwood
Poles
Other
1.0%
0.8%
51.7%
Total – 7.6 million m3 or 7.8 million tons
Hardwood Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Product 2011
Pulpwood
Mining Timber
Poles
Sawlogs
Other
7.7%
3.3%
2.4%
3.3%
83.3%
Total – 10.9 million m3 or 8.2 million tons
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Species 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
52.4%
6.4%
0.3%
41.0%
Total – 18.5 million m3 or 16.0 million tons
Composition of Roundwood Production
by Product 2011
Softwood
Hardwood
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
94%
40%
30%
20%
28%
10%
17%
14%
0.0%
Poles
Other
Mining
Timber
0%
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
Product
Total Plantation Area 1980 to 2011
1 600 000
Hectares
1 500 000
1 400 000
1 300 000
1 200 000
244 780 ha decrease
1 100 000
111 950 ha increase
1 000 000
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Total increase in afforested area over period
: 111 950 ha
Total % increase in afforested area over period : 9.6%
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations 1980 to 2011
24
Million m
3
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Total increase in production over period
Total in increase in afforested area over period
: 55.9%
: 9.6%
Roundwood Production vs. Plantation
Area 1980 to 2011
Plantation Area
Plantation Production
1980 = 100
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Total increase in production over period
Total in increase in afforested area over period
: 55.9%
: 9.6%
Average Productivity per Hectare
1980 - 2011
18
17
m3 per hectare
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Total increase in productivity over period – 4.3 m3 per ha p.a. (42%)
Production Comparisons
2001, 2006 & 2011
2001
2006
2011
16.016
Sugar
21.052
23.876
16.013
Forestry
19.573
14.634
10.924
Maize
6.947
7.772
1.858
2.114
2.504
Wheat
0
5
10
15
Million tons
20
25
30
Value of Roundwood Production 2011
Pulpwood
Mining Timber
Other
Sawlogs
23.8%
3.8%
2.5%
69.9%
Total – R7.0 billion
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Product 2011
Pulpwood
4.902
Sawlogs
1.668
Other
0.268
Mining Timber
0.173
0
1
2
3
4
Billion Rands
Total – R7 012 million
5
6
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Province 2011
KZN
3 853
Mupumlanga
2 284
Eastern Cape
512
Limpopo
205
Western Cape
158
0
500
1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 4 500
Million Rands
Total – R7 012 million
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Province & Product 2011
Other
KZN
79
Mupumlanga
105
Limpopo
Western Cape
90
Pulpwood
3 530
244
201
Eastern Cape
Sawlogs
820
1 263
318
5
141
58
0
145
12
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
Million Rands
Total – R7 012 million
3 500
4 000
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Province & Product 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
KZN
3 853
Mupumlanga
2 284
Eastern Cape
512
Limpopo
205
Western Cape
158
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
Million Rands
Total – R7 012 million
4 000
5 000
Value of Roundwood Production
1980 to 2011
Billion Rand (2010/11 Rands)
Nominal
Real
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Years
Nominal increase over period
Real increase over period
: R6.8 bn (4 157%)
: R4.1 bn (138%)
2010
New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2011
Mpum & Limp.
KZN
Cape
Total
Thousand Hectares
50
45
40
35
30
AVERAGE
25
20
15
10
5
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
0
Years
New afforestation over period
Average per year
- 385 511 ha
- 12 047 ha
Total New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2011
KZN
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
E&W Cape
12.0%
54.5%
33.6%
Total – 385 511 ha
Total New Afforestation by Region
10 Yr Period - 2002 to 2011
KZN
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
2.7%
E&W Cape
33.8%
63.5%
Total – 34 223 ha
New Afforestation by Region
10 Year Period – 2002 to 2011
Northern
KZN
Cape
Total
Thousand Hectares
8
7
AVERAGE
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Years
New afforestation over period
Average per year
- 34 223 ha
- 3 422 ha
New Afforestation by Province 2011
W. Cape
KZN
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
E. Cape
1.0%
27.9%
0.0%
0.3%
70.8%
Total – 1 573 ha
New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
Thousand Hectares
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Average p.a. 1980 to 1985
Average p.a. 1986 to 1990
Average p.a. 1991 to 1995
- 10 974 ha (17.1% of total)
- 24 558 ha (31.9% of total)
- 24 406 ha (31.7% of total)
Total New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
8.2% 0.9%
Wattle
Other
46.8%
44.1%
Total – 385 511 ha
New Afforestation by Species 2011
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Pine
Other Hardwood
1.5%
25.1%
42.0%
31.4%
Total – 1 573 ha
New Afforestation by Product
1980 to 2011
Pulpwood
Other
Sawlogs
Total
Mining Timber
Thousand Hectares
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Average p.a. 1996 to 2000
Average p.a. 2001 to 2005
Average p.a. 2006 to 2011
- 7 019 ha (9.1% of total)
- 5 044 ha (6.5% of total)
- 2 910 ha (3.8% of total)
Total New Afforestation by Product
1980 to 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
5.6%
Mining Timber
Other
14.0%
57.8%
22.7%
Total – 385 511 ha
New Afforestation by Product 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
Poles
Mng. Timber
22.4%
0.2%
8.9%
1.3%
67.1%
Total – 1 573 ha
Area Converted Out of Timber
Production by Species 1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle/Other
Total
7 000
6 000
Hectares
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Area converted over period
Average p.a.
- 90 383 ha
- 2 824 ha
Area Converted Out of Timber
Production by Species 2002 to 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle/Other
Total
6 000
Hectares
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Years
Area converted over period
Average p.a.
- 21 126 ha
- 2 112 ha
Total Area Converted out of Timber
Production by Species 1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
2.5%
Wattle
Other
23.6%
46.3%
27.6%
Total – 90 383 ha
Total Area Converted out of Timber
Production by Species 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
19.9%
Wattle
Other Hardwood
19.9%
3.2%
57.0%
Total – 554 ha
Net New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle/Other
Total
45
Thousand Hectares
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Net new afforestation over period
Average p.a.
- 295 123 ha
- 9 223 ha
Net New Afforestation by Species
2002 to 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle/Other
Total
Thousand Hectares
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
2002
2006
2010
Years
Net new afforestation over period
Average p.a.
- 13 095 ha
- 1 310 ha
Net New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
46.9%
0.5%
3.5%
49.2%
Total – 295 123 ha
Other
Net New Afforestation by Species 2011
600
551
Hectares
500
384
400
300
200
100
79
5
0
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other
Species
Total net new afforestation - 1 019 ha
Area Converted Out of Timber
Production by Region 1980 to 2011
North
KZN
Cape
Total
7 000
6 000
Hectares
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Area converted over period
Average p.a.
- 90 383 ha
- 2 824 ha
Area Converted Out of Timber
Production by Region 2002 to 2011
North
KZN
Cape
Total
6 000
Hectares
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Years
Area converted over period
Average p.a.
- 21 129 ha
- 2 113 ha
Total Area Converted out of Timber
Production by Region 1980 to 2011
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
KZN
W&E Cape
28.1%
42.2%
29.8%
Total – 90 383 ha
Net New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2011
North
KZN
Cape
Total
45
Thousand Hectares
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Years
Net new afforestation over period
Average p.a.
- 295 124 ha
- 9 223 ha
2008
Net New Afforestation by Region
2002 to 2011
North
KZN
Cape
Total
6
Thousand Hectares
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
2002
2006
2010
Years
Net new afforestation over period
Average p.a.
- 13 094 ha
- 1 309 ha
Net New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2011
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
KZN
W&E Cape
7.0%
34.7%
58.2%
Total – 295 124 ha
Conversion of Plantations out of Production & to
Other Species 1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
Thousand Hectares
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Net loss to production area over period
Average p.a.
- 90 383 ha
- 2 824 ha
Conversion of Plantations out of Production & to
Other Species 2002 to 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
Thousand Hectares
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Years
Net loss to production area over period
Average p.a.
- 21 129 ha
- 2 113 ha
Total Area Converted out of Production & to
Other Species 1980 to 2011
40 000
31 219
20 000
Hectares
2 983
0
-20 000
-40 000
-60 000
-80 000
-53 426
-71 161
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other
Species
Net loss to production area over period
Average p.a.
- 90 383 ha
- 2 824 ha
Area Converted out of Production
& to Other Species 2009
10 000
8 706
8 000
Hectares
6 000
4 000
2 000
-52
0
-2 000
-4 000
-6 000
-3 807
-5 401
-8 000
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other
Species
Land taken out of timber production
- 554 ha
Net Addition to Planted Area by Species
1980 to 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
50
40
Hectares
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total net addition to production area
Average p.a.
- 295 123 ha
- 9 223 ha
Net Addition to Planted Area by Species
2002 to 2011
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
12
10
Hectares
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Years
Total net addition to production area
Average p.a.
- 13 094 ha
- 1 309 ha
Total Net Addition to Planted Area by Species
1980 to 2011
250 000
201 221
Hectares
200 000
150 000
109 171
100 000
50 000
6 636
0
-21 904
-50 000
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
Species
Total net addition to production area
Average p.a.
- 295 124 ha
- 9 223 ha
Net Addition (Loss) to Planted Area by Species
2011
12 000
9 367
10 000
8 000
Hectares
6 000
4 000
2 000
-29
0
-2 000
-4 000
-6 000
-3 313
-5 006
-8 000
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
Species
Total net gain in production area
Plus 1 019 ha
Damage to Plantations by Genera
1980 to 2011
Softwood
Hardwood
Total
Thousand Hectares
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total area damaged over period
Average p.a.
- 994 008 ha
- 31 063 ha
Damage to Plantations by Fires
1980 to 2011
Fire
Other Causes
Total
Thousand Hectares
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Total area damaged over period
- 994 008 ha
Total area damaged by fire
- 579 728 ha (58%)
Total area damaged by other causes - 414 280 ha (42%)
Damage to Plantations by Fires
2002 to 2011
Fire
Other Causes
Total
Thousand Hectares
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Years
Total area damaged over period
- 448 379 ha
Total area damaged by fire
- 317 850 ha (71%)
Total area damaged by other causes - 130 529 ha (29%)
Damage to Plantations by Fires
1980 to 2011
Fire
Other Causes
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
Years
2001
2004
2007
2010
Damage to Plantations by Genera 2011
Softwood
Hardwood
25.0%
75.0%
Total – 40 178 ha (3.2% of total planted area)
Damage to Plantations by Cause 2011
Fire
Other Causes
61.8%
38.2%
Total – 40 178 ha
Damage to Plantations by Fire 2011
Arson
Accidental
Natural
19.1%
41.9%
5.1%
Unknown
33.9%
Total – 15 348 ha
FSC Certificates
RSA vs. Africa: as at February 2013
Africa
South Africa
Number of Certificates
200
153
150
RSA 61%
of African
Total
100
94
50
44
RSA 43%
of African
Total
19
0
Farm Managment Unit
Chain of Custody
RSA FMU certificates cover 1.5 million hectares or 21% of
African total coverage of 7.2 million hectares
FSC Certified Forests
by Ownership: as at February 2013
Private Cos
SAFCOL (KLF)
Private Cos (ex SAFCOL)
Individuals / Group
16.8%
12.4%
54.6%
16.2%
Certified Area – 1 511 739 ha
(incl. planted & non-planted areas)
Section 3
The Forest Products Industry
Number of Processing Plants by Type 2011
Sawmills
90
Pole Plants
33
Pulp, Paper & Board
Mills
18
Mining Timber Mills
13
Charcoal Plants
4
Match Factories
1
0
20
40
60
80
Number of Plants
Total number of plants: 159
100
Intake of Roundwood into Processing Plants
1980 to 2011
Pulp & Paper Mills
Mng. Timber Mills
Total
Sawmills
Other
Million m3
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Total increase in intake over period
Biggest increase that of pulpwood
- 7.5 million m3 (67%)
- 8.9 million m3 (211%)
Intake of Roundwood into Processing Plants
2011
Pulp, Paper & Board Mills
Mng. Timber Mills
Sawmills
Other
21.7%
4.4%
4.0%
69.9%
Total – 18.6 million m3
Roundwood Intake into Processing
Plants by Province & Product 2011
Other
KZN
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
11.055
0.669
0.290
2.043
1.541
0.844
Mpum
Limpopo
0.000
0.496
0.346
W Cape
0.000
0.579
0.076
E Cape
0.000
0.628
0.007
0
2
4
6
8
10
Million m3
Total – 18.6 million m3
12
14
Roundwood Intake into Processing
Plants by Province & Product 2011
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
KZN
12.014
Mpumlanga
4.428
Limpopo
0.842
W Cape
0.655
E Cape
0.635
0
2
4
6
8
10
Million m3
Total – 18.6 million m3
12
14
Average Size of Plant by Intake
1980 vs. 2011
1980
Pulp & Paper Mills
2011
806
351
38
25
Sawmills
63
72
Mng. Timber Mills
12
7
Pole Plants
Other Plants
26
Average All
67
46
0
117
100
200
300
400
500
3
Thousand m
600
Overall average intake has increased by:
Average intake of PP & Board Mills has increased by:
Only average intake of MT Mills has declined – by
700
800
- 154%
- 107%
- 13%
900
Sales of Certain Products from Processing
Plants 1980 to 2011
Pulp (t)
Lumber (m3)
Mng. Timber (t)
Chips (t)
6 000
Thousand Units
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Biggest increase that of chips
Biggest decrease that of mining timber
- 2.5 million tons (471%)
- 1.2 million tons (-77%)
Value of Sales from Primary Processing Plants
2011
Pulp
Chips
Lumber
Panels
Mng. Timber
18.9%
7.5%
7.0%
1.6%
4.9%
60.1%
Total – R21.4 billion
Other
Value of Sales from Primary Processing Plants
2011
Pulp
12.860
Lumber
4.040
Woodchips
1.610
Panels
1.500
Other Products
1.060
Mining Timber
0.350
0
2
4
6
8
10
Billion Rand
Total – R21.4 billion
12
14
16
Value of Sales from Primary Processing
Plants 1980 to 2011
Billion Rand (2010/11 Rands)
Nominal
Real
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Nominal increase over period
Real increase over period
- R20.7 bn (2 971%)
- R9.0 bn (72%)
Value of Roundwood Sales from Processing
Plants by Product & Province 2011
Other
KZN
499
W. Cape
E. Cape
Pulp / Boards / Chips
13 415
690
386
Mpum
Limpopo
Sawn Timber
1
2 479
1 589
511
466
0
598
116
0
10
0
648
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000
Million Rands
Total – R21.4 billion
Value of Roundwood Sales from Processing
Plants by Product & Province 2011
Pulp / Boards / Chips
Sawn Timber
Other
KZN
14 490
4 566
Mpum
Limpopo
978
W. Cape
714
E. Cape
658
0
2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 18 000
Million Rands
Total – R21.4 billion
Gross Value of Output Comparisons
2001, 2006 & 2011
2001
2006
For. Prods.
2011
11.867
Maize
16.670
7.419
6.929
Forestry
5.167
2.712
21.407
15.679
7.012
4.340
3.223
3.560
Wheat
5.272
3.654
3.116
Sugar Cane
0
5
10
15
Billion Rand
20
25
Gross Value of Output Comparisons
per Planted Hectare 2001, 2006 & 2011
2001
2006
For. Prods.
8.777
Sugar
8.537
7.263
Wheat
2.173
Forestry
2.006
0
16.816
12.230
14.021
7.174
4.213
3.655
Maize
2011
5.831
3.651
4.030
5
5.508
10
Thousand Rand per Hectare
15
20
Value Addition in Primary Processing
Industry 2011
Output
7 012
Total Industry
21 407
4 902
Pulp / Paper Mills
1 668
Sawmills
M. T. Mills
173
346
Pole Plants
218
521
Charcoal Plants
Input
15 968
4 036
28
219
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
Million Rand
Note : excludes secondary processing (e.g. paper manufacturing)
25 000
Value Addition Comparisons in Primary
Processing Industry 2011
7.86
Charcoal Plants
3.26
Pulp / Paper Mills
Total Industry
3.05
Sawmills
2.42
Pole Plants
2.38
M. T. Mills
2.00
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Output as ratio of Input
Note : Based only on input value of raw fibre (i.e. excludes all other input costs)
Section 4
Contribution to Employment
Forest Sector Employment – RSA 2011
Sub-sector
No. of employees
Direct
Total
Employment
Indirect
Forestry
62,700
30,000
92,700
Pulp and Paper
13,200
10,800
24,000
Sawmilling
20,000
10,000
30,000
Timber Board
6,000
n/a
6,000
Mining Timber
2,200
n/a
2,200
Other
11,000
n/a
11,000
Total
115,100
50,800
165,900
Direct jobs in Forestry
=
Indirect jobs in Forestry (165 900 less 62 700) =
62 700
103 200
Direct Employment in Forestry Industry
by Province 2011
KZN
W Cape
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
E Cape
8.8%
37.8%
3.5%
3.5%
46.4%
Total – 62 700
Direct Employment in Forestry Industry
by Region 2011
Total
Employment
2 520 000
29 100
KZN
953 000
23 700
Mpumalanga
E. Cape
1 298 000
5 500
Limpopo
2 200
1 018 000
W. Cape
2 200
1 815 000
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
Number of Direct Jobs
Total estimated direct jobs in Industry – 62 700
Direct Employment in Forestry Industry as
% of Those Employed in 2011
Mpumalanga
2.5%
KZN
1.2%
RSA
0.5%
E. Cape
0.4%
Limpopo
0.2%
W. Cape
0.1%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
% of Total Employed in Formal Sector
Total employed in RSA – 13 447 000
3.0%
Indirect Employment in Forestry
Industry by Province 2011
Total
Employment
KZN
2 520 000
46 800
Mpumalanga
953 000
35 110
E. Cape
1 298 000
9 360
1 018 000
6 420
W. Cape
1 815 000
5 510
Limpopo
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
Number of Indirect Jobs
Total estimated indirect jobs created by Industry – 103 200
Indirect Employment in Forestry Industry
as % of Those Employed in 2011
Mpumalanga
3.7%
KZN
1.9%
RSA
0.8%
E. Cape
Limpopo
W. Cape
0.0%
0.7%
0.5%
0.4%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
% of Total Employed in Formal Sector
Total employed in Mpumalanga – 953 000
Direct & Indirect Jobs in Forestry
Industry by Province 2011
Direct jobs
Indirect jobs
KZN
Total
Employment
2 520 000
75 900
Mpumalanga
953 000
58 810
E. Cape
14 860
W. Cape
1 298 000
8 620
Limpopo
1 018 000
7 710
0
20 000
1 815 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
Number of Jobs
Estimated total – 165 900 jobs
100 000
Total Employment in Industry as % of Those
Employed in Formal Sector 2011
Direct
Indirect
6.2%
Mpumalanga
KZN
3.1%
RSA
1.3%
1.1%
E. Cape
Limpopo
0.7%
W. Cape
0.5%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
% of Total Employed in Formal Sector
6%
7%
Dependents of Those Working in
Forestry Industry by Province 2011
Direct job dependents
Indirect job dependents
KZN
257 000
Mpumalanga
200 000
E. Cape
50 000
W. Cape
26 000
Limpopo
25 000
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
Number of Dependents
Estimated total – 558 000 dependents
300 000
Total Number of People Dependent on
Forestry Industry by Province 2011
Workers
Dependents
KZN
298 000
Mpumalanga
236 000
E. Cape
59 000
W. Cape
30 000
Limpopo
29 000
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Number of People Dependent on Industry
Estimated total – 652 000 livelihoods
400 000
Estimated % of Population Dependent
on Forestry Industry 2011
Total
Population
Mpumalanga
5.84%
KZN
4 040 000
2.90%
RSA
E. Cape
10 267 000
51 771 000
1.26%
6 562 000
0.90%
Limpopo
0.53%
5 405 000
W. Cape
0.51%
5 823 000
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
% of Provincial Population
Total RSA population – 51.8 million
7%
Section 5
Investment in Sector
Investment in RSA Forestry Industry 2011
Trees
Roads
Moveable Assets
22.8%
Land
Fixed Assets
13.4%
6.1%
2.8%
54.9%
Total Investment - R25.6 Billion
Investment in RSA Forestry Industry 2011
Pine Long
Wattle
Pine Short
Gum Short
Gum Long
17.2%
30.9%
6.2%
1.5%
44.2%
Total Investment - R25.6 Billion
Investment in RSA Forestry Industry 2011
Mpumalanga
KZN
E. Cape
W. Cape
Limpopo
12.8%
35.0%
6.0%
4.2%
42.0%
Total Investment - R25.6 Billion
Investment in Plantations – By Province
2011
Mpumalanga
10.743
KZN
8.969
E Cape
3.265
W Cape
1.534
Limpopo
1.083
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Billion Rand
Mpumalanga has highest investment - 42% of total
Investment in Mpumalanga Forestry 2011
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
21.2%
27.7%
2.2%
1.5%
47.4%
Total Investment - R10.7 Billion
Investment in KZN Forestry 2011
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
15.7%
14.5%
0.1%
49.1%
20.5%
Total Investment - R9.0 Billion
Investment in E. Cape Forestry 2011
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
9.9%
Pine Short
17.8%
1.2%
0.3%
70.9%
Total Investment - R3.3 Billion
Investment in W. Cape Forestry 2011
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
0.6%
88.5%
8.7%
0.0%
2.2%
Total Investment - R1.5 Billion
Investment in Limpopo Forestry 2011
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
16.3%
0.1%
0.1%
19.0%
64.6%
Total Investment - R1.1 Billion
Investment in Forest Products Sector
by Type of Processing Plant 2011
Pulp & Board
Other
Mng. Timber
Sawmills & Veneer
Pole Plants
12.8%
3.9%
1.0%
0.2%
82.1%
Total Book Value of Investments - R15.2 Billion
Investment in Forest Products Sector
by Investment Category 2011
Machinery & Equipment
Moveable Assets
Land & Buildings
Other
13.7%
1.6%
1.9%
82.9%
Total Book Value of Investments - R15.2 Billion
Section 6
Contribution to GDP
Composition of RSA GDP
2011
Agric
Manufacturing
43.0%
Mining
Finance
Other Secondary
Other Tertiary
2.2%
8.5%
14.2%
19.6%
12.5%
Total GDP – R2 661 Billion (i.e. R2.7 Trillion)
Contribution to GDP 1980 to 2011
Forestry to Agric. GDP
FP to total GDP
FP to Mnfg. GDP
% Contribution to GDP
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Years
Increase in Forestry to Ag GDP over period from 4.5% to 12.3%
Decrease in For. Prod. To Mfg GDP over period from 6.3% to 6.2%
Forestry vs. Other Agricultural GGP per
Region 2011
Forestry
Other Agriculture
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
43.9%
24.2%
10%
16.5%
4.3%
1.2%
E. Cape
Limpopo
W. Cape
12.0%
0%
Mpum
KZN
RSA
Province
Forestry in Mpumalanga of major importance
Forest Products vs. Other Manufacturing
GGP per Region 2011
Forest Products
Other Manufacturing
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
20.5%
19.3%
KZN
Mpum
10.5%
2.6%
1.5%
6.4%
Limpopo
E. Cape
W. Cape
RSA
0%
Province
Gross Value of Output
by Sector & Province 2011
Forestry
Forest Products
14 490
KZN
3 853
4 566
Mupumlanga
2 284
978
205
Limpopo
Eastern Cape
658
512
Western Cape
714
157
0
3 000
6 000
9 000
12 000
Million Rands
15 000
18 000
Gross Value of Output
by Sector & Province 2011
Forestry
Forest Products
KZN
18 343
Mupumlanga
6 850
Limpopo
1 183
Eastern Cape
1 170
Western Cape
871
0
3 000
6 000
9 000
12 000
Million Rands
15 000
18 000
21 000
Forest Industry Contribution to Total
GGP per Region - 2011
Forestry
KZN
2.44%
1.22%
RSA
0.26%
0.11%
0.80%
0.51%
0.32%
0.25%
Eastern Cape
Western Cape
3.45%
0.92%
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
Forest Products
0.19%
0.04%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
% of Regional GGP
3.0%
4.0%
Forest Industry Contribution to Total
GGP per Region - 2011
Forestry
Forest Products
KZN
4.36%
Mpumalanga
3.66%
RSA
Limpopo
1.07%
0.62%
Eastern Cape
0.57%
Western Cape
0.23%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
% of Regional GGP
5%
6%
Section 7
Contribution to Foreign Trade
Exports of Forest Products
2012 vs.2011
2011
2012
5.890
Pulp
7.064
4.707
Paper
4.622
Solid Wood &
Other
3.235
3.294
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
2011 - R15.0bn
2012 - R13.8bn
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Billion Rand
Exports in 2012 R1.2 bn or 7.7% down on 2011
Imports of Forest Products
2012 vs. 2011
2011
2012
0.479
Pulp
0.474
8.403
Paper
7.631
Solid Wood &
Other
2011 - R10.5bn
2012 - R11.6bn
2.738
2.417
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Billion Rand
Imports in 2012 R1.1 bn or 10.4% up on 2011
Imports vs. Exports of Forest Products
Trade Balance 2012 vs. 2011
2011
2012
18
16
14.980
13.832
Billion Rand
14
12
11.620
10.522
10
8
6
4.458
4
2.212
2
0
Imports
Exports
Trade Balance
Trade balance in 2012 R2.2bn or 50% less than in 2011
Imports vs. Exports of Forest Products
2012
Imports
Exports
5.890
Pulp
0.474
4.707
Paper
7.631
Solid Wood &
Other
Exports R13.8bn
Imports R11.6bn
3.235
2.417
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Billion Rand
Positive trade balance in 2012 = R2.21 billion
Forest Product Exports
2012
Pulp
Paper
Solid Wood
Other
19.4%
34.0%
4.0%
42.6%
Total – R13.8 billion
Forest Product Imports
2012
Pulp
Paper
Solid Wood
Other
23.4%
0.2%
4.1%
72.3%
Total – R11.6 billion
Trade Balance in Forest Products
1992 to 2012 (nominal)
Imports
Exports
Trade Balance
16
14
Billion Rand
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Years
Increase in imports
Increase in exports
Increase in trade balance
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
- R10.2 billion (720%)
- R11.5 billion (491%)
- R1.3 billion (140%)
Trade Balance in Forest Products
1992 to 2012 (real)
Imports
Exports
Trade Balance
Billion Rand (2012 Rands)
25
20
15
10
5
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Years
Increase in imports
Increase in exports
Decrease in trade balance
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
- R6.6 billion (131%)
- R5.5 billion (66%)
- R1.1 billion (-33%)
Export Comparisons
2002, 2007 & 2012
2002
2007
2012
55.4
Coal
23.7
19.3
18.9
Fruit
10.4
6.2
13.8
12.2
11.2
Forest Prods
2.0
2.1
2.5
Sugar
0
10
20
30
Billion Rand
40
50
60