The South African Forestry and
Forest Products Industry 2009
Produced By Roger Godsmark
Forestry South Africa, September 2010
Presentation Outline
Introduction
The importance of the Forestry Industry
The importance of the Forest Products Industry
Industry Contribution to Employment
Investment
Industry Contribution to GDP
Industry Contribution to Foreign Trade
Section 1
Introduction
Land Use in South Africa
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
13.7%
9.6%
6.9%
1.0%
1 274 869 ha
68.6%
Total RSA land area – 122.3 million ha
Land Use in Mpumalanga
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
28.5%
Other
Forestry
3.9%
6.4%
21.4%
519 817 ha
39.8%
Total Mpum. land area – 8.2 million ha (6.7% of total)
Land Use in KwaZulu Natal
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
15.1%
12.6%
8.5%
5.5%
504 393 ha
58.3%
Total KZN land area – 9.1 million ha (7.5% of total)
Land Use in the Eastern Cape
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
6.8%
3.7%
8.7%
0.8%
141 819 ha
80.0%
Total E. Cape land area – 17.1 million ha (13.9% of total)
Land Use in the Western Cape
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
20.0%
5.6%
3.5%
0.5%
59 171 ha
70.4%
Total W. Cape land area – 12.9 million ha (10.6% of total)
Land Use in Limpopo
Grazing
Arable
Nature Conservation
Other
Forestry
14.3%
9.7%
1.5%
0.4%
49 668 ha
74.0%
Total Limpopo land area – 12.0 million ha (9.8% of total).
Plantation Area as % of Land Area by
Province
Mpumalanga
6.35%
KZN
5.51%
E.Cape
0.83%
W. Cape
0.46%
Limpopo
0.42%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
% of Land Area Afforested
Forestry in Mpumalanga greatest % of land area
Land Use Comparisons
1999, 2004 & 2009
1999
2004
2009
2.896
Maize
3.204
3.567
1.275
1.334
1.402
Forestry
0.648
0.830
0.718
Wheat
0.389
0.427
0.417
Sugar
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Million Hectares
Drop in Forestry Area – 127 000 ha (9.1%)
4.5
Plantation Area Comparisons
2009
China
45.083
India
32.578
Russia
17.340
USA
16.238
Japan
10.682
Indonesia
9.871
Brazil
4.982
Thailand
4.920
Ukraine
4.425
Iran
2.284
RSA
1.275
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
Million Hectares
40.0
50.0
Section 2
The Forestry Industry
Plantation Area by Species 2009
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
8.2% 0.4%
51.0%
40.4%
Total – 1 274 869 ha
Plantation Area by Ownership 2009
Corporate
SAFCOL
Commercial Farmers
State/ Municipalities
20.3%
Corporate (Ex Safcol)
Small Growers
11.2%
10.0%
6.8%
3.5%
48.1%
Total – 1 274 869 ha
Plantation Area by Province 2009
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
KZN
E. Cape
W. Cape
4.6% 3.9%
11.1%
40.8%
39.6%
Total – 1 274 869 ha
Plantation Area by Province and Genera 2009
Hardwood
Softwood
213 567
Mpumalanga
306 250
362 701
KZN
141 692
24 121
E.Cape
117 698
22 493
27 175
Limpopo
1 962
W. Cape
57 209
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
Total – 650 024 ha (softwood)
Total – 624 845 ha (hardwood)
500 000
Planted Area Comparisons
by Region & Species 2009
Limpopo
Cape
Mpumalanga
141 691
Pine
174 907
27 175
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
195 134
22 569
22 318
15 204
2 566
72
KZN
306 250
275 302
86 212
1 187
3 229
948
102
0
50 000
100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000
Hectares
Pine Plantation Area by Region 2009
Mpumalanga
KZN
Cape
Limpopo
4.2%
26.9%
47.1%
21.8%
Total – 650 024 ha (51.0% of total)
Eucalyptus Plantation Area by Region 2009
Mpumalanga
4.4%
KZN
Cape
Limpopo
4.3%
37.9%
53.4%
Total – 515 324 ha (40.4% of total)
Wattle Plantation Area by Region 2009
Mpumalanga
KZN
Cape
Limpopo
82.9%
2.5%
0.1%
14.6%
Total – 104 055 ha (8.2% of total)
Other Hardwood Plantation Area
by Region 2009
Mpumalanga
KZN
17.3%
Cape
Limpopo
1.9%
21.7%
59.1%
Total – 5 467 ha (0.4% of total)
Plantation Area by Management
Objectives 2009
Pulpwood
Mining Timber
Other
Sawlogs
34.2%
57.5%
3.8%
4.5%
Total – 1 274 869 ha
Softwood Plantation Area by
Management Objectives 2009
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
Poles
Other
33.5%
1.7%
0.6%
64.2%
Total – 650 024 ha
Hardwood Plantation Area by
Management Objectives 2009
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
Poles
Other
Mining Timber
4.3%
0.9%
9.1%
3.1%
82.5%
Total – 624 845 ha
Plantation Area by Province and Ownership
2009
Public
Private
393 254
Mpumalanga
126 563
474 955
KZN
29 438
111 064
E.Cape
30 755
27 457
22 211
Limpopo
KLF included in
“Public”
52 178
6 994
W. Cape
0
100 000
Leased Safcol
packages included in
“Private”
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
500 000
Total Private – 1 058 908 ha (83.1%)
Total Public – 215 961 ha (16.9%)
600 000
Percentage Plantation Ownership
by Province 2009
Publicly Owned
Privately Owned
100%
90%
80%
70%
55%
76%
60%
78%
88%
50%
94%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
E.Cape
W. Cape
Province
Total Private – 1 058 908 ha (83.1%)
Total Public – 215 961 ha (16.9%)
KZN
Plantation Area by Species and Ownership
2009
Public
487 399
Pine
162 625
466 616
Eucalyptus
48 708
100 428
Wattle
Other Hard.
Private
3 627
4 465
1 002
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
500 000
Total Private – 1 058 908 ha (83.1%)
Total Public – 215 961 ha (16.9%)
600 000
Percentage Plantation Ownership
by Species 2009
Publicly Owned
Privately Owned
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
75%
82%
91%
50%
97%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Pine
Other Hard.
Eucalyptus
Species
Total Private – 1 058 908 ha (83.1%)
Total Public – 215 961 ha (16.9%)
Wattle
Planted Area Comparisons
by Region & Product 2009
Cape
Pulpwood
186
Limpopo
433 418
42 252
36 382
2 728
Mining Timber
KZN
257 148
63 178
Sawlogs
Mpumalanga
5 148
2 061
207 759
129 313
47 145
5 069
7 766
7 952
27 365
Other
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
Hectares
400 000
500 000
Roundwood Production
by Product 2009
Pulpwood
12.941
Sawlogs
4.375
Other
0.948
Mining Timber
0.624
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
Million m
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
Total – 7.7 million m3 (softwood)
Total – 11.2 million m3 (hardwood)
Roundwood Production
by Province and Genera 2009
Hardwood
Softwood
7.593
KZN
1.944
2.968
Mpumalanga
3.703
E. Cape
0.253
Limpopo
0.358
0.226
1.475
W. Cape 0.016
0.352
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
Million m
Total – 7.7 million m3 (softwood)
Total – 11.2 million m3 (hardwood)
8
9
Roundwood Production
by Province and Genera 2009
Softwood
Hardwood
9.537
KZN
6.671
Mpumalanga
1.727
E. Cape
0.584
Limpopo
0.368
W. Cape
0
2
4
6
8
10
3
Million m
Total – 7.7 million m3 (softwood)
Total – 11.2 million m3 (hardwood)
12
14
Roundwood Production ex Plantations
by Province & Product 2009
Other
KZN
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
8.690
0.591
0.257
Mpum
2.054
0.731
0.353
E. Cape
0.289
Limpopo
0.011
0.306
0.266
W. Cape
0.001
0.338
0.029
0
3.886
1.086
2
4
6
8
10
Million m3
Total – 18.9 million m3 or 16.2 million tons
Roundwood Production ex Plantations
by Province & Product 2009
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
KZN
9 538
Mpum
6 671
E. Cape
1 728
Limpopo
583
368
W. Cape
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Million m3
Total – 18.9 million m3 or 16.2 million tons
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Province 2009
KZN
Mpumalanga
35.3%
E. Cape
Limpopo
W. Cape
9.1%
3.1%
1.9%
50.5%
Total – 18.9 million m3 or 16.2 million tons
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Product 2009
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Mining Timber
23.2%
Other
3.3%
5.0%
68.5%
Total – 18.9 million m3 or 16.2 million tons
Softwood Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Product 2009
Sawlogs
44.4%
Pulpwood
Poles
Other
0.8%
0.9%
53.8%
Total – 7.7 million m3 or 7.9 million tons
Hardwood Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Product 2009
Pulpwood
Mining Timber
Poles
Sawlogs
Other
5.6%
4.1%
2.0%
3.2%
85.1%
Total – 11.2 million m3 or 8.3 million tons
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations by Species 2009
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
53.5%
5.6%
0.1%
40.8%
Total – 18.9 million m3 or 16.2 million tons
Composition of Roundwood Production
by Product 2009
Softwood
Hardwood
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
95%
40%
30%
20%
26%
10%
16%
12%
0.0%
Other
Poles
Mining
Timber
0%
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
Product
Total Plantation Area 1980 to 2009
1 550 000
1 500 000
Hectares
1 450 000
1 400 000
1 350 000
1 300 000
1 250 000
1 200 000
1 150 000
1 100 000
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total increase in afforested area over period
: 113 463 ha
Total % increase in afforested area over period : 9.8%
Total Roundwood Production ex
Plantations 1980 to 2009
24
Million m
3
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total increase in production over period
Total in increase in afforested area over period
: 59.0%
: 9.8%
Roundwood Production vs. Plantation
Area 1980 to 2009
Plantation Production
Plantation Area
1980 = 100
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total increase in production over period
Total in increase in afforested area over period
: 59.0%
: 9.8%
Average Productivity per Hectare
1980 - 2009
18
17
m3 per hectare
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total increase in productivity over period – 4.6 m3 per ha p.a. (45%)
Production Comparisons
1999, 2004 & 2009
1999
2004
2009
20.986
20.419
22.930
Sugar
16.210
17.410
16.500
Forestry
12.570
Maize
9.737
7.946
1.960
1.687
1.733
Wheat
0
5
10
15
Million tons
20
25
Value of Roundwood Production 2009
Pulpwood
Mining Timber
Other
Sawlogs
26.6%
4.0%
2.1%
67.3%
Total – R6.7 billion
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Product 2009
Pulpwood
4.514
Sawlogs
1.782
Other
0.266
Mining Timber
0.143
0
1
2
3
Billion Rands
Total – R6 705 million
4
5
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Province 2009
KZN
3 343
Mupumlanga
2 370
Eastern Cape
646
Limpopo
200
Western Cape
146
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
Million Rands
Total – R6 705 million
3 000
3 500
4 000
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Province & Product 2009
Other
KZN
71
Mupumlanga
Limpopo
123
Western Cape
80
4
1
8
0
Pulpwood
3 031
241
837
178
Eastern Cape
Sawlogs
1 355
442
125
71
138
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
Million Rands
Total – R6 705 million
3 000
3 500
Value of Roundwood Production
ex Plantations by Province & Product 2009
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
KZN
3 343
Mupumlanga
2 370
Eastern Cape
646
Limpopo
200
Western Cape
146
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
Million Rands
Total – R6 705 million
3 500
4 000
Value of Roundwood Production
1980 to 2009
Billion Rand (2008/09 Rands)
Nominal
Real
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Years
Nominal increase over period
Real increase over period
: R6.5 bn (3 971%)
: R4.0 bn (148%)
2008
New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2009
Mpum & Limp.
KZN
Cape
Total
Thousand Hectares
50
45
40
35
30
AVERAGE
25
20
15
10
5
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
0
Years
New afforestation over period
Average per year
- 382 619 ha
- 12 754 ha
Total New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2009
KZN
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
E&W Cape
12.1%
54.3%
33.6%
Total – 382 619 ha
Total New Afforestation by Region
10 Yr Period - 2000 to 2009
KZN
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
4.3%
E&W Cape
30.6%
65.1%
Total – 42 336 ha
New Afforestation by Region
10 Year Period – 2000 to 2009
Northern
KZN
Cape
Total
Thousand Hectares
8
7
AVERAGE
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Years
New afforestation over period
Average per year
- 39 614 ha
- 3 961 ha
2009
New Afforestation by Province 2009
W. Cape
KZN
Limpopo
Mpumalanga
E. Cape
0.0%
19.1%
0.0%
0.2%
80.7%
Total – 2 169 ha
New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
Thousand Hectares
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Average p.a. 1980 to 1985
Average p.a. 1986 to 1990
Average p.a. 1991 to 1995
- 10 974 ha (17.2% of total)
- 24 558 ha (32.1% of total)
- 24 406 ha (31.9% of total)
Total New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalyptus
8.0% 0.9%
Wattle
Other
47.0%
44.1%
Total – 382 619 ha
New Afforestation by Species 2009
Eucalyptus
Pine
Wattle
1.2%
Other Hardwood
25.5%
39.1%
34.2%
Total – 2 169 ha
New Afforestation by Product
1980 to 2009
Pulpwood
Other
Sawlogs
Total
Mining Timber
Thousand Hectares
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Average p.a. 1996 to 2000
Average p.a. 2001 to 2005
Average p.a. 2006 to 2009
- 7 019 ha (9.2% of total)
- 5 044 ha (6.6% of total)
- 2 910 ha (3.0% of total)
Total New Afforestation by Product
1980 to 2009
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
5.6%
Mining Timber
Other
14.1%
57.7%
22.7%
Total – 382 619 ha
New Afforestation by Product 2009
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Poles
Mng. Timber
34.2%
5.3%
0.8%
0.0%
59.7%
Total – 2 169 ha
Other
Area Converted Out of Timber
Production by Species 1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle/Other
Total
7 000
6 000
Hectares
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Area converted over period
Average p.a.
- 89 390 ha
- 2 980 ha
Total Area Converted out of Timber
Production by Species 1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalypts
2.5%
Wattle
Other
23.6%
46.3%
27.6%
Total – 89 390 ha
Total Area Converted out of Timber
Production by Species 2009
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other Hardwood
3.5%
5.0%
91.0%
0.5%
Total – 3 554 ha
Net New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle/Other
Total
45
Thousand Hectares
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Net new afforestation over period
Average p.a.
- 293 229 ha
- 9 774 ha
Net New Afforestation by Species
1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
47.2%
0.5%
3.3%
49.1%
Total – 293 229 ha
Other
Net New Afforestation by Species 2009
1 000
722
377
500
9
Hectares
0
-500
-1 000
-1 500
-2 000
-2 500
-2 493
-3 000
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other
Species
Total net new afforestation - Minus 1 385 ha
Area Converted Out of Timber
Production by Region 1980 to 2009
North
KZN
South
Total
7 000
6 000
Hectares
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Area converted over period
Average p.a.
- 89 390 ha
- 2 980 ha
Total Area Converted out of Timber
Production by Region 1980 to 2009
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
KZN
W&E Cape
27.9%
42.3%
29.8%
Total – 89 390 ha
Net New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2009
North
KZN
South
Total
45
Thousand Hectares
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Years
Net new afforestation over period
Average p.a.
- 293 229 ha
- 9 774 ha
2008
Net New Afforestation by Region
1980 to 2009
Mpumalanga & Limpopo
KZN
W&E Cape
7.2%
34.8%
58.0%
Total – 293 229 ha
Conversion of Plantations out of Production & to
Other Species 1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
Thousand Hectares
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Net loss to production area over period
Average p.a.
- 89 390 ha
- 2 980 ha
Total Area Converted out of Production & to
Other Species 1980 to 2009
30 000
20 755
20 000
10 000
2 934
Hectares
0
-10 000
-20 000
-30 000
-40 000
-50 000
-49 045
-60 000
-70 000
-64 035
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other
Species
Net loss to production area over period
Average p.a.
- 89 390 ha
- 2 980 ha
Area Converted out of Production
& to Other Species 2009
6 000
4 254
4 000
Hectares
2 000
244
0
-2 000
-1 303
-4 000
-6 000
-8 000
-6 749
Pine
Eucalypts
Wattle
Other
Species
Net loss to production area
- 3 554 ha
Net Addition to Planted Area by Species
1980 to 2009
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle/Other
Total
50
40
Hectares
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total net addition to production area
Average p.a.
- 293 229 ha
- 9 774 ha
Total Net Addition to Planted Area by Species
1980 to 2009
250 000
189 386
Hectares
200 000
150 000
115 631
100 000
50 000
6 547
0
-18 336
-50 000
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
Species
Total net addition to production area
Average p.a.
- 293 229 ha
- 9 774 ha
Net Addition (Loss) to Planted Area by Species
2009
6 000
5 101
4 000
Hectares
2 000
271
0
-750
-2 000
-4 000
-6 000
-6 007
-8 000
Pine
Eucalyptus
Wattle
Other
Species
Total net gain in production area
Minus 1 385 ha
Damage to Plantations by Genera
1980 to 2009
Softwood
Hardwood
Total
Thousand Hectares
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total area damaged over period
Average p.a.
- 930 573 ha
- 31 019 ha
Damage to Plantations by Fires
1980 to 2009
Fire
Other Causes
Total
Thousand Hectares
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total area damaged over period
- 930 573 ha
Total area damaged by fire
- 548 568 ha (59%)
Total area damaged by other causes - 382 005 ha (41%)
Damage to Plantations by Fires
1980 to 2009
Fire
Other Causes
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
Years
2000
2004
2008
Damage to Plantations by Genera 2009
Softwood
Hardwood
36.6%
63.4%
Total – 22 808 ha (1.8% of total planted area)
Damage to Plantations by Cause 2009
Fire
Other Causes
13.2%
86.8%
Total – 22 808 ha
Damage to Plantations by Fire 2009
Arson
Accidental
Natural
Unknown
55.9%
17.9%
3.7%
22.4%
Total – 19 805 ha
FSC Certified Forests
by Forest Type: August 2009
Plantations
Semi-Natural
2.2%
97.8%
Certified Area – 1 572 568 ha
(incl. planted & non-planted areas)
FSC Certified Forests
by Ownership: August 2009
Private Co's
Safcol & Ex Safcol
DWAF
Individuals
9.4%
2.4%
11.6%
76.6%
Certified Area – 1 572 568 ha
(incl. planted & non-planted areas)
Section 3
The Forest Products Industry
Number of Processing Plants by Type 2009
Sawmills
108
Pole Plants
47
Pulp, Paper & Board
Mills
16
Mining Timber Mills
16
Charcoal Plants
4
Match Factories
1
0
20
40
60
80
Number of Plants
Total number of plants: 192
100
120
Intake of Roundwood into Processing Plants
1980 to 2009
Pulp & Paper Mills
Mng. Timber Mills
Total
Sawmills
Other
25
Million m3
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Total increase in intake over period
Biggest increase that of pulpwood
- 7.4 million m3 (67%)
- 8.7 million m3 (206%)
Intake of Roundwood into Processing Plants
2009
Pulp, Paper & Board Mills
Mng. Timber Mills
Sawmills
Other
22.3%
4.1%
4.0%
69.6%
Total – 18.5 million m3
Roundwood Intake into Processing
Plants by Province & Product 2009
Other
KZN
Sawlogs
Pulpwood
10.765
0.656
0.290
Mpum
2.130
2.065
0.792
Limpopo
0.000
0.466
0.325
E. Cape
0.000
0.524
0.010
W. Cape
0.003
0.424
0.074
0
2
4
6
8
Million m3
Total – 18.5 million m3
10
12
Roundwood Intake into Processing
Plants by Province & Product 2009
Pulpwood
Sawlogs
Other
KZN
12.711
Mupumlanga
4.987
Limpopo
0.791
Eastern Cape
0.534
Western Cape
0.501
0
2
4
6
8
10
Million m3
Total – 18.5 million m3
12
14
Average Size of Plant by Intake
1980 vs. 2009
1980
Pulp & Paper Mills
2009
806
351
38
25
Sawmills
47
72
Mng. Timber Mills
9
7
Pole Plants
58
26
Other Plants
Average All
46
0
96
100
200
300
400
500
3
Thousand m
600
Overall average intake has increased by:
Average intake of PP & Board Mills has increased by:
Only average intake of MT Mills has declined – by
700
800
- 109%
- 130%
- 35%
900
Sales of Certain Products from Processing
Plants 1980 to 2009
Pulp (t)
Lumber (m3)
Mng. Timber (t)
Chips (t)
6 000
Thousand Units
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
0
Years
Biggest increase that of chips
- 3.5 million tons (652%)
Only decrease that of mining timber - 1.2 million tons (-72%)
Value of Sales from Primary Processing Plants
2009
Pulp
Chips
Lumber
Panels
Mng. Timber
20.8%
9.3%
9.9%
3.2%
4.5%
52.3%
Total – R20.4 billion
Other
Value of Sales from Primary Processing Plants
2009
Pulp
10.666
Lumber
4.240
Woodchips
2.021
Panels
1.891
Other Products
0.909
Mining Timber
0.650
0
2
4
6
8
Billion Rand
Total – R20.4 billion
10
12
Value of Sales from Primary Processing Plants
2009
Pulp
Chips
Lumber
Panels
Mng. Timber
20.8%
9.3%
9.9%
3.2%
4.5%
52.3%
Total – R20.4 billion
Other
Value of Sales from Primary Processing
Plants 1980 to 2009
Billion Rand (2008/09 Rands)
Nominal
Real
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Nominal increase over period
Real increase over period
- R19.7 bn (2 823%)
- R8.9 bn (78%)
Value of Roundwood Sales from Processing
Plants by Product & Province 2009
Other
KZN
735
E. Cape
W. Cape
Pulp / Boards / Chips
12 167
673
342
Mpum
Limpopo
Sawn Timber
1
2 407
2 118
477
378
0
12
538
3
435
91
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
Million Rands
Total – R20.4 billion
12 000
14 000
Value of Roundwood Sales from Processing
Plants by Product & Province 2009
Pulp / Boards / Chips
Sawn Timber
Other
KZN
13 182
Mpum
5 260
Limpopo
856
E. Cape
550
W. Cape
529
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
Million Rands
Total – R20.4 billion
12 000
14 000
Gross Value of Output Comparisons
1999, 2004 & 2009
1999
2004
For. Prods.
2009
11.813
Maize
5.397
Forestry
2.268
4.216
20.376
14.815
16.346
8.217
6.705
3.057
1.842
1.665
Wheat
4.420
3.452
2.886
Sugar Cane
0
5
10
15
Billion Rand
20
25
Gross Value of Output Comparisons
per Planted Hectare 1999, 2004 & 2009
1999
2004
For. Prods.
8.426
Sugar
5.644
2.565
1.513
Forestry
1.618
Wheat
0
5.259
3.160
2.219
2.319
15.981
11.106
11.362
8.084
6.921
Maize
2009
4.718
5
10
Thousand Rand per Hectare
15
20
Value Addition in Primary Processing
Industry 2009
Output
6 705
Total Industry
4 514
Pulp / Paper Mills
1 782
Sawmills
M. T. Mills
143
650
Pole Plants
225
546
Charcoal Plants
Input
20 376
14 578
4 240
22
44
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
Million Rand
Note : excludes secondary processing (e.g. paper manufacturing)
25 000
Value Addition Comparisons in Primary
Processing Industry 2009
4.53
M. T. Mills
3.23
Pulp / Paper Mills
Total Industry
3.04
Pole Plants
2.42
Sawmills
2.38
Charcoal Plants
1.98
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Output as ratio of Input
Note : Based only on input value of raw fibre (i.e. excludes all other input costs)
Section 4
Contribution to Employment
Forest Sector Employment – RSA 2009
Sub-sector
No. of employees
Direct
Total
Employment
Indirect
Forestry
66,500
30,000
96,500
Pulp and Paper
13,200
10,800
24,000
Sawmilling
20,000
10,000
30,000
Timber Board
6,000
n/a
6,000
Mining Timber
2,200
n/a
2,200
Other
11,000
n/a
11,000
Total
118,900
50,800
169,700
Direct Employment in Forestry Industry
by Province 2009
KZN
Mpumalanga
Cape
Limpopo
12.6%
36.7%
5.0%
45.7%
Total – 66 500
Direct Employment in Forestry Industry
by Region 2009
KZN
30 400
24 400
Mpumalanga
Cape
8 400
3 300
Limpopo
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
Number of Direct Jobs
Total estimated direct jobs in Industry – 66 500
Direct Employment in Forestry Industry as
% of Those Employed in 2009
2.7%
Mpumalanga
1.2%
KZN
RSA
Limpopo
Cape
0.0%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
% of Total Employed in Formal Sector
Total employed in RSA – 13.4 million
3.0%
Indirect Employment in Forestry
Industry by Province 2009
KZN
182 600
Mpumalanga
146 300
Cape
29 000
Limpopo
13 000
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
Number of Indirect Jobs
Total estimated indirect jobs created by Industry – 371 000
Indirect Employment in Forestry Industry
as % of Those Employed in 2009
16.3%
Mpumalanga
7.2%
KZN
RSA
Limpopo
2.8%
1.4%
Cape
0.9%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
% of Total Employed in Formal Sector
Total employed in Mpumalanga – 897 000
Direct & Indirect Jobs in Forestry
Industry by Province 2009
Direct jobs
Indirect jobs
KZN
213 000
170 700
Mpumalanga
37 400
Cape
16 300
Limpopo
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
Number of Jobs
Estimated total – 437 400 jobs
250 000
Total Employment in Industry as % of Those
Employed in Formal Sector 2009
Direct
Indirect
Mpumalanga
19.0%
KZN
8.4%
RSA
Limpopo
3.3%
1.8%
Cape
1.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
% of Total Employed in Formal Sector
Total employed in Mpumalanga – 897 000
20%
Dependents of Those Working in
Forestry Industry by Region 2009
Direct job dependents
Indirect job dependents
KZN
669 000
536 000
Mpumalanga
Cape
112 000
Limpopo
53 000
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
Number of Dependents
Estimated total – 1.4 million dependents
Total Number of People Dependent on
Forestry Industry by Region 2009
Workers
Dependents
KZN
882 000
Mpumalanga
707 000
E. Cape
122 000
Limpopo
69 000
W. Cape
27 000
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000 1 200 000
Number of People Dependent on Industry
Estimated total – 1.8 million livelihoods
Estimated % of Population Dependent
on Forestry Industry 2009
19.31%
Mpumalanga
9.00%
KZN
RSA
3.77%
Cape
1.25%
Limpopo
1.23%
0%
5%
10%
15%
% of Provincial Population
20%
25%
Section 5
Investment in Sector
Investment in RSA Forestry Industry 2009
Trees
Roads
Moveable Assets
19.4%
Land
Fixed Assets
13.0%
6.2%
2.8%
58.5%
Total Investment - R24.8 Billion
Investment in RSA Forestry Industry 2009
Pine Long
Wattle
Pine Short
Gum Short
Gum Long
16.8%
37.3%
5.9%
1.7%
38.3%
Total Investment - R24.8 Billion
Investment in RSA Forestry Industry 2009
Mpumalanga
KZN
E. Cape
W. Cape
Limpopo
11.8%
36.9%
5.3%
4.3%
41.8%
Total Investment - R24.8 Billion
Investment in Plantations – By Province
2009
Mpumalanga
10.334
KZN
9.134
E Cape
2.910
W Cape
1.308
Limpopo
1.064
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Billion Rand
Mpumalanga has highest investment - 42% of total
Investment in Mpumalanga Forestry 2009
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
18.3%
34.0%
2.1%
1.5%
44.1%
Total Investment - R10.3 Billion
Investment in KZN Forestry 2009
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
15.5%
13.3%
0.1%
55.6%
15.5%
Total Investment - R9.1 Billion
Investment in E. Cape Forestry 2009
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
13.4%
Pine Short
25.1%
1.2%
0.3%
60.0%
Total Investment - R2.9 Billion
Investment in W. Cape Forestry 2009
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
0.8%
9.3%
87.5%
0.0%
2.4%
Total Investment - R1.3 Billion
Investment in Limpopo Forestry 2009
Pine Long
Wattle
Gum Short
Gum Long
Pine Short
19.0%
0.1%
0.1%
22.8%
58.0%
Total Investment - R1.1 Billion
Investment in Forest Products Sector
by Type of Processing Plant 2009
Pulp & Board
Pole Plants
Other
Sawmills & Veneer
Mng. Timber
11.8%
1.0%
0.3%
4.2%
82.7%
Total Book Value of Investments - R15.7 Billion
Investment in Forest Products Sector
by Investment Category 2009
Machinery & Equipment
Moveable Assets
Land & Buildings
Other
12.7%
1.4%
0.7%
85.2%
Total Book Value of Investments - R15.7 Billion
Section 6
Contribution to GDP
Composition of RSA GDP
2009
Agric
Manufacturing
Mining
Finance
Other Secondary
Other Tertiary
41.3%
3.3%
9.5%
5.4%
21.7%
18.8%
Total GDP – R2 284 Billion (i.e. R2.3 Trillion)
Contribution to GDP 1980 to 2009
Forestry to Agric. GDP
FP to total GDP
FP to Mnfg. GDP
% Contribution to GDP
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Years
Increase in Forestry GDP over period from 4.5% to 9.7%
Decrease in For. Prod. GDP over period from 6.3% to 6.1%
Forestry vs. Other Agricultural GGP per
Region 2009
Forestry
Other Agriculture
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
32.4%
10%
17.7%
15.7%
3.5%
E. Cape
Limpopo
0.8%
0%
Mpum
KZN
W. Cape
8.9%
RSA
Province
Forestry in Mpumalanga of major importance
Forest Products vs. Other Manufacturing
GGP per Region 2009
Forest Products
Other Manufacturing
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
16.4%
14.3%
9.1%
2.3%
1.4%
4.8%
Mpum
KZN
Limpopo
E. Cape
W. Cape
RSA
0%
Province
Gross Value of Output
by Sector & Province 2009
Forestry
Forest Products
13 182
KZN
3 343
5 260
Mupumlanga
2 370
856
646
Eastern Cape
550
200
Limpopo
875
146
Western Cape
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000 12 000 14 000
Million Rands
Gross Value of Output
by Sector & Province 2009
Forestry
Forest Products
KZN
16 422
Mupumlanga
8 027
Eastern Cape
1 128
Limpopo
1 034
Western Cape
832
0
5 000
10 000
Million Rands
15 000
20 000
Forest Industry Contribution to Total
GGP per Region - 2009
Forestry
Mpumalanga
3.23%
1.46%
KZN
3.59%
0.91%
RSA
0.29%
0.91%
0.34%
0.12%
Limpopo
0.49%
0.37%
Eastern Cape
Western Cape
Forest Products
0.27%
0.04%
0%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
% of Regional GGP
3%
4%
4%
Forest Industry Contribution to Total
GGP per Region - 2009
Forestry
Forest Products
Mpumalanga
4.68%
KZN
4.50%
RSA
Eastern Cape
1.20%
0.86%
0.46%
Limpopo
Western Cape
0.31%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
% of Regional GGP
5%
6%
Section 7
Contribution to Foreign Trade
Imports vs. Exports of Forest Products
2009
Imports
Exports
6.139
Paper
7.897
4.643
Pulp
0.577
Solid Wood &
Other
3.988
2.777
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Billion Rand
Positive trade balance in 2009 = R2.91 billion
Forest Product Exports
2009
Pulp
Paper
Solid Wood
Other
20.7%
42.2%
2.7%
34.4%
Total – R12.5 billion
Forest Product Imports
2009
Pulp
Paper
Solid Wood
Other
21.8%
0.1%
4.1%
74.0%
Total – R9.6 billion
Trade Balance in Forest Products
1992 to 2009 (nominal)
Imports
Exports
Trade Balance
16
14
Billion Rand
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Years
Increase in imports
Increase in exports
Increase in trade balance
2004
2006
2008
- R8.1 billion (574%)
- R10.1 billion (432%)
- R2.0 billion (214%)
Trade Balance in Forest Products
1992 to 2009 (real)
Imports
Exports
Trade Balance
Billion Rand (2009 Rands)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Years
Increase in imports
Increase in exports
Increase in trade balance
2004
2006
2008
- R5.2 billion (119%)
- R5.3 billion (73%)
- R0.1 billion (2%)
Export Comparisons
1999, 2004 & 2009
1999
Metal Ores
6.7
Coal
9.0
6.7
Fruit
4.4
2009
49.5
9.6
8.4
Forest Prods
2004
7.6
35.4
15.6
12.5
13.6
3.4
1.6
1.6
Sugar
0
10
20
30
Billion Rand
40
50
60