Intermediate Referee Training
AYSO Region 104/1447
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
1
Agenda
Friday
6:15
6:30 - 7:00
7:00 - 8:00
Introduction
Review Sample Test
The Referee Team
Break
8:15 - 10:00 Fouls, Misconduct & Foul Play
Saturday
9:00-11:00 Field Session at Montgomery Park
- Diagonal System of Control
- Offside & How to be an AR
11:00-12:00
Lunch
12:00-1:00 Diagonal System of Control, Offside
& How to be an AR (classroom)
1:00-2:00 Interactions with Coaches, Players & Spectators
Break
2:10-2:50 AYSO National Referee program
3:00
Exam
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
2
AYSO Region 104
Intermediate Referee Course
• This clinic provides additional training for the Regional
Referee and is oriented toward U-11+ matches
• Please legibly fill out:
 The attendance roster (left side info only),
 The Referee Contact Information card,
 A volunteer application, and
 An Application for Referee Certification form (top part)
• Volunteer application must be completed by every
volunteer, every year
– Not needed if you’ve completed it since start of season
(Aug 1st)
• If you’re from another region, please indicate your region
on the sign-in roster
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
3
Intermediate Referee
Certification Requirements
1. CR 25 or more games, with at least 5 games in U11+
2. Attend the Intermediate Referee Course
• Modules 14 through 19
3. Pass the Intermediate Ref. Exam (min score of 90%)
4. Receive a mentoring observation as a CR
• Must be done by a certified assessor
5. Get recommendation for upgrade by your Regional Ref.
Administrator or Regional Director of Ref. Assessment
• For Region 104 that’s Dave Lauben or Cynthia Nuttall, respectively
•
•
•
Complete the AYSO Application for Referee Certification and have it
signed by Area Referee Administrator (Jon Rogers)
Send completed application to AYSO National (NTSC)
AYSO National will mail the Intermediate Referee Badge to you
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
4
Benefits and Expectations as an
Intermediate Referee
• At the end of this clinic, students from Region 104 will
receive a gold (yellow) referee jersey
– If needed, additional referee supplies are available for
Region 104 referees for the new season
• Referees are requested to center at least 8 games over the
next year
– Typically 8 over next 12 months
– Games should be:
• At the U-11 or higher level
• In Region 104 regular season play
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
5
Review of the Sample
Intermediate Referee Exam
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
6
Review of the Sample Intermediate
Referee Exam (continued)
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
7
Review of the Sample Intermediate
Referee Exam (continued)
Midway through the 1st half (or end of 1st qtr)
Halftime
Midway through the 2nd half (or end of 3rd qtr)
For an injured player
The moment the ball is played (or touched) by a teammate.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
8
Intermediate Ref. Exam (con’t)
Spring-07
IFK
RED
KO
BLUE
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
9
Review of the Sample Intermediate
Referee Exam (continued)
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
10
Module 14
The Referee Team
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
11
The Referee Team
• The Referee Team evolved with the game
• Officials originally introduced in soccer as representatives
of teams
• Teams demanded a neutral opinion and the official stood
on the side of the field
• The official eventually was brought onto the field and 2
assistants added on the touchline
• As more unsporting acts were committed by players, the
diagonal system was developed to have 2 sets of eyes on
the players and facilitate game control
• The Diagonal System of Control is the most widely used
system and is the only system recognized by FIFA and
AYSO
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
12
Duties of the Referee
• Laws 5 and 6 (The Referee and Assistant
Referee, respectively)
Duties of the Referee
• Enforces the Laws of the Game
• Controls the match in cooperation with the
assistant referees and where applicable, with the
fourth official - They are a team!
• Ensures that any ball used meets the
requirements of Law 2
• Ensures that the players’ equipment meets the
requirements of Law 4
• Acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the
match
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
13
Duties of the Referee (cont.)
• Has discretionary power to stop, suspend, or
terminate play for any infringement of the Laws
– Stop: Play will continue as soon as a restart is given.
– Suspend: Play will not continue until conditions the
referee has stipulated have been satisfied.
– Terminate: Play will not continue under any conditions
• Has discretionary power to stop, suspend, or
terminate play because of outside interference of
any kind
• Stops for injury.
– In AYSO this means at any time
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
14
Duties of the Referee (cont.)
• Ensures that any player that is bleeding from a
wound leaves the field of play
• Allows play to continue when the team against
which an offense has been committed will benefit
from such an advantage but penalizes the original
offense if the anticipated advantage is not gained
or maintained at that time (Advantage)
• Punishes the more serious offense when a player
commits more than one offense at the same time
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
15
Duties of the Referee (cont.)
• Takes disciplinary action against players guilty of
cautionable and sending-off offenses. He is not
obliged to take this action immediately but must
do so when the ball next goes out of play
• Takes action against team officials who fail to
conduct themselves in a responsible manner and
may at his discretion dismiss them from the field
of play and its immediate area
• Acts on the advice of (neutral) assistant referees
regarding incidents which he has not seen
• Ensures that no unauthorized persons enter the
field of play
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
16
Duties of the Referee (cont.)
• Restarts the match after it has been stopped
• Provides the appropriate authorities with a
match report which includes information on any
disciplinary action taken against players and/or
team officials and any other incidents which
occurred before, during or after the match.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
17
Duties of the Assistant Referee
Duties of the Assistant Referee
• Indicates when a player may be penalized for
being in an offside position
• Indicates when misconduct or other incident has
occurred out of sight of the referee
• Indicates when a substitution is requested
• Assists the referee to control the game. Most
commonly, this includes helping with pre-game
duties and confirming goals
When supplying information to the referee, assistant
referees simply report; the referee decides.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
18
Referee and AR Positioning
• Dynamic play
• Right or left diagonal
• Referee position
• AR position
– Ball over touchline (AR quadrant)
– Throw In across halfway line
– Goal scored
• Set plays
– Goal kicks
– Corner kicks
– Kick off
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
19
The Referee Team
•
•
Pre-game meeting
– Indicate diagonal (R/L) to be used
– Offside
– Fouls seen by AR
– Timekeeping and score keeping
– Substitution control
– Set plays: Goal Kick, Corner Kick, Kick-off
Half-time & post game
– Enter/leave field together
– Discuss game issues, changes
– Complete paperwork
Communication is key for effective game control by
the Referee Team
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
20
The Referee Team
Philosophy
AYSO Rules & Regulations 1.D.5
• The Laws of the game are intended to
provide that games should be played with as
little interference as possible, and in this view
it is the duty of the referees to penalize only
deliberate breaches of the Law. Constant
whistling for trifling and doubtful breaches
produces bad feelings and loss of temper on
the part of the players and spoils the pleasure
of spectators.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
21
>> Break Time <<
10 Minutes Please
Instructors will collect your Volunteer Application
Form (if needed) and Referee Contact
Information Card
Please fill out the Referee Attendance Roster form
is you have done so already.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
22
Module 15
Fouls, Misconduct and Foul Play,
Intermediate
(Law 12)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
23
Fouls and Misconduct
• Law 12 is divided into Fouls & Misconduct
• Fouls are committed by players, on the field
of play when the ball is in play against an
opponent. The referee stops play.
• Misconduct may be committed by any player
or substitute, can occur before, during or after
the game, with the ball in or out of play,
anywhere on or off the field.
• There are two types of fouls, direct free kick
offenses (penal) and indirect free kick
offenses (non-penal).
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
24
What is a Foul?
• An unfair or unsafe act:
– by a player,
– against an opponent (or the opposing
team),
– on the field of play, and
– while the ball is in play.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
25
Direct Free Kick Offenses
• There are ten direct free kick (penal)
offenses
– Six of these apply when players commit acts
in a manner considered by the referee to be
careless, reckless or using excessive force.
– The other four are based on if the act
occurred
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
26
DFK Offenses (cont.)
• Six actions based on the act
involving careless, reckless
or using excessive force:
– Kicking an opponent *
– Tripping an opponent *
– Jumping at an opponent
– Charging an opponent
– Striking an opponent *
– Pushing an opponent
• Four actions based on if
the act occurred:
– Making contact with an
opponent prior to
contacting the ball
– Holding an opponent
– Spitting at an opponent
– Deliberately handling
the ball
* May also include the
attempt of the act
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
27
DFK Offenses: Careless,
Reckless & Excessive Force
• “Careless” - The player did not exercise due caution in
making a play.
“Careless” = “regular” foul
• “Reckless” – The player’s actions were unnatural (to fair
play) and designed to intimidate an opponent, gain unfair
advantage, or unreasonable risk of injury to opponent.
“Reckless” = “Caution”
• “Excess force”: player far exceeded the use of force
necessary to make a fair play for the ball and created
considerable danger of bodily harm to opponent
“Excessive Force” = “Send Off”
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
28
Striking an Opponent
• Direct contact using hand, arm, elbow, head, knee, or
by throwing and object (including the ball).
• Occurs where contact is made or attempted with the
opponent.
• Striking (as with kicking and spitting) should normally
be considered misconduct.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
29
Fair Charging
• Fair charge usually means “shoulder to shoulder”, but not a
requirement.
• When heights & weights vary greatly, a fair charge may not
be possible.
• Fair charge can result in charged player falling to the
ground.
• Fair charge must be directed toward the area of the
shoulder and not the center of the opponent’s back (the
spinal area).
• Not a violation of Law 12 for two players to charge the
same opponent simultaneously, though each charge must
be considered individually, and is conducted fairly and
legally.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
30
Charging the Goalkeeper
• Referees must carefully observe any charge
against the goalkeeper (not in possession of the
ball) if the charge is:
– Careless, reckless, or with excessive force
(direct free kick)
– Performed in a dangerous manner (indirect free
kick)
– Prevent the goalkeeper from releasing the ball
from the hands (indirect free kick).
• Charging the keeper who is in possession (with
hands) of the ball is prohibited.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
31
Charging an Opponent
Away From the Ball
• A player who charges an opponent in an otherwise
legal manner, (not carelessly, recklessly, nor with
excessive force) but with the ball not within playing
distance has infringed the law.
• Such an “off the ball” charge is considered a form
of impeding the progress of an opponent (though
contact has occurred) and is penalized with an
indirect free kick restart for the opposing team.
• If the referee considers the charge to be careless,
recklessly, or involving excessive force, the restart
is a direct free kick.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
32
Tripping an Opponent
• Includes moving under the opponent using the
body to upset or upend the opponent. Also
known as “bridging.”
• Referee must distinguish act of tripping from
trip resulting from fair play
– Players may trip over or fall over an
opponent as a result of natural play; no foul.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
33
DFK Offenses – The Four
Based on Committing the Act
A direct free kick is also awarded if a player
commits any of the following four offenses:
• Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the
ball making contact with the opponent before
touching the ball
• Holds an opponent
• Spits at an opponent
• Handles the ball deliberately
– Exception: for the goalkeeper within her own penalty
area)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
34
Contact with the Opponent
Before Touching the Ball
• Making contact with the opponent before the ball
when making a tackle is unfair and should be
penalized.
• Contact with the ball first does not automatically
mean the tackle is fair.
• Declaration by a player (or coach/spectator) that
he/she was “playing the ball” is irrelevant.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
35
Holding an Opponent
• Includes stretching out the arms to prevent and
opponent form moving past or around. (under
recognized)
• A player who blatantly holds onto or pulls an
opponent or and opponent’s clothing to….
– Play the ball,
– Gain possession of the ball
– Prevent an opponent form playing the ball
…should be cautioned and shown the yellow card
for unsporting behavior.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
36
Deliberately Handling the Ball
• “Handling the Ball”: Deliberate contact with the ball
by a player’s hand or arm (fingertips, upper arm,
and outer shoulder included) to direct the ball.
• Deliberate Contact – The player could have
avoided the touch but chose not to.
• Moving hands or arms instinctively to protect the
face or body does not constitute deliberate
contact.
• Placing the hands or arms to protect the body at a
free kick (in a wall) allowed. Subsequent action to
direct or control the ball is a foul.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
37
The Restart After a DFK
Offense
• The restart from a DFK (penal) offense will be a
Direct Free Kick.
– If that offense was committed by a defender
inside her own penalty area, a Penalty Kick
for the attackers is awarded.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
38
Indirect Free Kick Offenses:
Goalkeeper Restrictions
There are four IFK offenses for a goalkeeper inside his
own penalty area:
• Takes more than six seconds while controlling the ball
with his hands before releasing it from his possession.
• Touches the ball again with his hands after releasing it
from his possession and before it has been touched
by any other player.
• Touches the ball with his hands after it has been
deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate.
• Touches the ball with his hands after he has received
it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
39
Second Handling Touch by
the Goalkeeper
• A goalkeeper who has taken hand control of the
ball then released ball back into play, may not
handle the ball again until it has been played
by:
1) an opponent anywhere on the field, or
2) by a teammate who is outside the penalty
area.
• This includes parrying the ball, but excludes an
accidental rebound or a save.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
40
Ball Played to the Goalkeeper
from Teammate
• Occurs when a goalkeeper touches the ball with
his hands directly after it has been deliberately
kicked to him by a teammate. Also applies to
when the goalkeeper receives the ball from a
throw in by a teammate.
• Does not include situations in which the ball has
been accidentally deflected or misdirected.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
41
Indirect Free Kick Offenses
Applying to Any Player
The following three IFK offenses apply to any player:
• Plays in a dangerous manner
• Impedes the progress of an opponent
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball
from his hands
Also, an IFK results from any other offense for which
play is stopped to caution or dismiss a player
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
42
Dangerous Play
• The act, in the opinion of the referee, meets three
criteria:
– Dangerous to someone (including player who commit
the act)
– Committed with an opponent close by
– The action caused the opponent to cease active play
for the ball or to be otherwise disadvantaged by the
attempt not to participate in the dangerous play.
• It is an offense only when an opponent is adversely
affected, usually because the opponent can’t fairly
(safely) challenge for the ball as a direct result of
the player’s act.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
43
Dangerous Play (cont.)
• A player playing in a dangerous manner has not
committed a foul if there was no opponent is nearby
(e.g. near only teammates).
– Remember, fouls can only be committed against
opponents or the opposing team.
• Take into account the experience and skill level of
the players
– Playing with cleats up in a threatening or
intimidating manner is more likely to be judged
as a dangerous play in youth matches, without
regard to the reaction of the opponents.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
44
Goalkeeper Possession of
the Ball
• The goalkeeper is in possession of the ball while
bouncing it on the ground or while throwing it into
the air.
• Means possession in the keeper’s hands.
Keeper may be challenged while dribbling.
• While the ball is in possession of the keeper,
opponent may not play or challenge for the ball.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
45
Preventing the Goalkeeper from
Releasing the Ball into Play
• An opponent may not interfere with or block
the goalkeeper’s release of the ball into
play.
• Cannot try to block the goalkeeper’s
movement while he/she is holding the ball
or do anything which hinders, interferes
with, or blocks the goalkeeper who is
throwing or punting the ball back into play.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
46
IFK Foul Restart
• The restart from a IFK offense is an
Indirect Free Kick.
• If the offense was committed by a defender
inside goal area, the ball is positioned on
the goal area line parallel to the goal line
(the 6 yard line) at the point nearest to
where the infraction occurred.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
47
Advantage Clause
Advantage (Law 5) - The referee “allows
play to continue when the team against
which an offense has been committed
will benefit from such an advantage…”
• Referees must avoid stopping play if doing
so would take away a benefit from the team
against which the offense was committed.
• Referee Signals by raising both arms and
calling out “Advantage” or “Play On”
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
48
General Guidelines for
Advantage
• Applies mainly to older ages in AYSO
• Doesn’t apply when a serious physical foul
occurs
• Generally appropriate in attacking 1/3 of field
– Rarely applies in the defensive 1/3 of the field
and only occasionally in middle 1/3 of field
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
49
Module 15
Fouls, Misconduct and Foul Play Misconduct
(Law 12)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
50
Misconduct Offenses
Two categories of misconduct offenses:
• Cautionable offenses where the yellow
card is shown

•
Seven different offenses
Sending-off offenses where the red card
is shown

Spring 07
Seven different offenses
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
51
Cautionable Offenses
A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if
he commits any of the following seven offences:
•
•
•
•
•
Is guilty of unsporting behavior
Shows dissent by word or action
Persistently infringes the Laws of the Game
Delays the restart of play
Fails to respect the required distance when play is
restarted with a corner kick, free kick, or throw-in
• Enters or re-enters the field of play without the
referee’s permission
• Deliberately leaves the field of play without the
referee’s permission
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
52
Cautionable Offenses
(for substitutes)
A substitute or substituted player is cautioned
and shown the yellow card if he commits any of
the following three offences:
• Is guilty of unsporting behavior
• Shows dissent by word or action
• Delays the restart of play
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
53
Philosophy on Cautions
• Evaluate a player’s behavior based on
several factors:
– Does the act meet the generally accepted and
understood meaning of the offense?
– Was the act, even if an offense, trifling?
– Would the issuance of a caution for this
misconduct likely have desirable results for
game and/or player management?
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
54
Review of Send-off
Offenses
A player, substitute, or substituted player is sent off
and shown the red card if he commits any of the
following seven offenses.
•
•
•
•
Serious foul play
Violent conduct
Spits at an opponent or any other person.
Denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring
opportunity by deliberately handling the ball
• Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by an
offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick.
• Uses offensive, insulting or abusive language/gestures.
• Receives a second caution in the same match
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
55
The Send-off Offenses
• Serious foul play
– Committed only while the ball is in play, against an
opponent when challenging for the ball.
– Commits one of the Law 12 fouls in a violent manner
• Violent conduct
– May be committed against teammates, coaches,
spectators, officials, equipment, or property before,
during or after the match.
– Also may be committed against an opponent when the
ball is out of play or when the ball is in play but the
aggressing player is not challenging for the ball.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
56
The Send-off Offenses
(continued)
• Spits at an opponent or any other person.
• Denies an opponent a goal or an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately
handling the ball
– This does not apply to the goalkeeper within his own
penalty area.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
57
The Send-off Offenses
(continued)
• Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity
to an opponent moving toward the player's goal
by an offense punishable by a free kick or a
penalty kick.
• Uses offensive or insulting or abusive
language including language or gestures.
– This includes the use of obscene, vulgar, derogatory,
humiliating, demeaning, or slanderous words.
• Receives a second caution in the same match
– At the time of the second caution, show the yellow
card followed immediately by the red card
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
58
Send-off Situations
• Almost every Advanced Referee will have to send
off and show the red card to a player once or twice
in his career.
• Good referees anticipate these situations and
defuse them, but even the best referees eventually
meet that player who almost demands to be sent
from the field.
• When the time comes, referees need to know how
to recognize it, how to handle it, how to administer
it, and how to report it.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
59
Guidelines for Sending-Off
a Player or Substitute
• Avoid being angry or defensive about sending off
a player and do not take it personally.
• Be firm in the decision to send off and do not
show uncertainty, timidity, or ambivalence when
doing so.
• Attempt to isolate the player, but do not make
physical contact.
• Keep the field and other players in view; stand off
to the side if possible.
• Advise the player of his misconduct and of his
disqualification.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
60
Guidelines for Sending-Off a
Player or Substitute (cont.)
• Show the red card by holding it straight up in the air
and then immediately put it away.
– If the misconduct is a second cautionable
offense, first display the yellow card, put it away,
then display the red card.
• Record the misconduct and the send-off.
• Check to be certain the offender has not only left
the field, but also the area, and then restart with the
appropriate method. Use an indirect free kick if play
was stopped for the send-off.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
61
Guidelines for Sending-Off a
Player or Substitute (cont.)
• Submit a report (preferably written, or verbal if the
region allows it) to the referee administrator and
regional commissioner.
• The most important aspect of the process is to try
to analyze why it occurred and to develop
strategies that will lesson the likelihood of it
occurring again.
• Simply accepting it as a necessary proof of
authority is shortsighted. Seeing it as a challenge
to other refereeing skills offers the opportunity for
improvement.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
62
Fouls and Misconduct
• A player may carry out a combination of
"Misconduct" and "Foul" and the referee may
sanction one, the other, or both.
• The position of the restart will depend upon
where and by whom the offense or misconduct
occurred.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
63
Restarts for Misconduct
• If play is stopped solely to deal with misconduct
committed by a player on the field the proper
restart is an IFK from the location of the
misconduct (subject to Law 8 and Law 13).
• If play stopped for a foul in addition to misconduct
the restart is determined by the foul
– Restart cannot be a DFK unless the reason for the
stoppage included a DFK foul.
• If misconduct occurs while play is stopped, the
restart is determined by the original reason for the
stoppage.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
64
Field Session Tomorrow at
Montgomery Park
Comanche between San Pedro & San Mateo
Starts at 9 am
Meet near foot bridge
Bring Water and Suitable Attire
If bad weather, meet here at the ATC instead.
Version Spring 07-1
AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training
65
Module 18
Diagonal System of Control
and Games Tactics
(classroom)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
66
The Diagonal System of Control
and Game Tactics
• CR changes his
position to maintain
play between
himself and the AR
• At any given
moment, two
officials should be
in position to view
play from different
angles.
• Eye contact
between CR & AR
is important
Spring 07
AR
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
CR
AR
67
Game Objectives
• Objectives change depending on field position and ball
possession
ATTACKING OBJECTIVES:
• SCORE – The ultimate objective of the game is to score the most goals.
• ADVANCE – The ball must be advanced to be within scoring distance.
• POSSESSION – Possession of the ball must be maintained in order to
advance within scoring distance.
DEFENDING OBJECTIVES:
• STOP SCORING – The ultimate objective can be restated as preventing
the opposing team from scoring the most goals.
• DELAY – When the opposing team gains possession of the ball, their
advance must be delayed to gain time to organize the defense.
• REGAIN – Regaining possession of the ball is the defensive objective
once the defense is organized.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
68
Module 16
Offside – Intermediate and
How to Be a Good AR
(classroom)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
69
Assistant Referee Signals:
Throw-in
Touch line
Goal
line
Spring 07
Throw-In for
attackers
Throw-In for
defenders
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
70
AR Signals: Corner Kick
Pointing toward corner
Signal used for both
near and far corners
Touch line
Goal
line
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
71
AR Signals: Goal Kick
Goal line
Pointing
toward Goal
Area
Goal
Area
Touch line
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
72
AR Signal: Offside
Flag is held
steady
Touch line
Goal
line
Spring 07
Also could mean
ball out of play
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
73
AR Signals
Position of Offside Player
Goal line
Touch line
Spring 07
Offside on the
Offside in the
near side of
center of the field
the field
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
Offside on far
side of the
field
74
AR Signals: Substitution
Touch line
Goal
line
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
75
AR Signal: Foul
Flick or wave the flag
and make eye contact
with CR.
Touch line
Goal
line
Spring 07
After whistle, point direction
at a 45 degree angle in the
direction of free kick.
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
76
AR Signals: Goal/No Goal
No
Goal
Goal
Scored
Touch line
Goal
line
Spring 07
Move briskly toward 18 yard line and
position on kickoff
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
77
Offside – Intermediate
(Law 11)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
78
Offside Position
For a player to be in offside position 3 things must be true…
1. The player is closer to the opponents’ goal line than
the ball
2. The player is in the opponent’s half of the field
3. The player is closer to the opponents’ goal line than
the second last opponent
• It is not an offense to be in an offside position
• ‘05 LOTG defined closer to mean any part of the players
head, body, or feet, (arms specifically excluded,
previously the torso was used to judge closer)
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
79
Offside Involvement Defined
A player in an offside position is only penalized if,
at the moment the ball touches or is played
by one of her team she is, in the opinion of
the referee, Involved in Active Play by:
1. interfering with play, or
2. interfering with an opponent, or
3. gaining an advantage by being in that
position.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
80
Offside – Area of Active Play
• That portion of the field where players are
directly and actively involved after the ball has
been played.
• The size of the area of actively play will vary
with the movement of the ball, age of the
players, and the speed of play.
• The area of active play changes continually.
• The area of active play is a guide used to
determine offside infractions
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
81
The Restarts When Offside
Does Not Apply
• There is no offside offense if a player
receives the ball direct from:
– A goal kick,
– A throw-in, or
– A corner kick
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
82
Offside/Not Offside
Example 2
An attacker in an offside position (A), not interfering with an
opponent, does not touch the ball.
NOT OFFSIDE - The player cannot be penalized because he did
not touch the ball.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
83
Offside/Not Offside
Example 3
An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball and a
teammate in onside position (B) runs also towards the ball and plays
it.
NOT OFFSIDE - Player (A) cannot be penalized because he did not
touch the ball.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
84
Offside/Not Offside
Example 5
An attacker in an offside position (1) runs towards the ball and
does not touch the ball.
GOAL KICK (NOT OFFSIDE) - The assistant referee should signal “goal
kick”.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
85
Offside/Not Offside
Example 6
An attacker in an offside position (A) is obstructing the goalkeeper’s
line of vision.
OFFSIDE - He should be penalized because he prevents an
opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
86
Offside/Not Offside
Example 7
Attacker (A) is in an offside position
NOT OFFSIDE – Attacker (A) is not obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of
vision or making a gesture or movement which deceives or distracts
him.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
87
Offside/Not Offside
Example 9
An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball preventing
the opponent (B) from playing or being able to play the ball.
OFFSIDE - Player (A) is making a movement which could deceive or
distract player (B).
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
88
Offside/Not Offside
Example 10
The shot by a teammate (A) rebounds from the goalkeeper to player (B)
having been previously in an offside position.
OFFSIDE - Player (B) is penalized because he gained an advantage by
being in that position.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
89
Offside/Not Offside
Example 11
The shot by a teammate (A) rebounds from the goalkeeper. Player (B) in
an onside position plays the ball. Player (C) is in an offside position.
NOT OFFSIDE - Player (C) in an offside position is not penalize. He did
not gain advantage from being in that position because he did not
interfere
with play or withRegion
an 104-Intermediate
opponent.
Spring
07
Referee Course
90
Offside/Not Offside
Example 12
The shot by a teammate (A) rebounds off an opponent to attacker (B)
who had been previously in an offside position.
OFFSIDE - Attacker (B) is penalized for interfering with play.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
91
Offside/Not Offside
Example 13
An attacker (C) is an offside position, not interfering with an opponent, when
a teammate (A) passes the ball to player (B1) in an onside position who runs
towards the opponent’s goal and passes the ball (B2) to teammate (C).
NOT OFFSIDE - Attacker (C) cannot be penalized because when
the ball was passed to him, he was in an onside position
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
92
Module 17
Interactions with Coaches,
Players, and Spectators
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
93
Interactions with Coaches,
Players, and Spectators
• Referee is a role model, especially for younger
players
• Knowledge, confidence, and professionalism
contribute to the overall “field presence” of the
referee
• Each referee sets the tone of the match by
his/her own personality style
• Selling the call by positioning and good
communication is part of the art of refereeing
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
94
U-11 & U-12 Players
• Understanding the U-11/12 player
– Physical/gross motor development
– Social and emotional development
– Cognitive/thought development
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
95
AYSO Coaching Philosophy
What is Positive Coaching?
P
Positive
IInstructive
E
Encouraging
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
96
Dealing with Coaches
• Begin at lowest level of confrontation
– A look at the coach
– A few calm words
• If dissent continues or escalates
– Stop play
– Have coach come to you on the field to discuss
• If dissent still continues
– Inform coach behavior is unacceptable
– Coach will need to leave the field or terminate the
match
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
97
Dissent from Coaches
• 3 P’s
– Public
– Persistent
– Personal
• Distinguish between dissent and disappointment
• Deal with pointless dissent gently but firmly
• Deal with real dissent directly and promptly
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
98
Interactions: Scenario 1
• In a U-10 game tensions are high. Everyone is
yelling advice and instructions at the players.
The coach of the blue team has a loud,
booming voice. The more exciting the game
gets, the louder he gets. As referee, you see
many players on the opposing team freeze
whenever this loud coach yells instruction at his
own team.
• How can you, as referee, deal with this
situation? When do you start?
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
99
Interactions: Scenario 2
• You are referee in a U-12 match. The coaches
of the red team are constantly making negative
remarks to and putting down their own players.
You can tell that these are very inexperienced
coaches.
• What can you do to help these coaches and
the kids? When? Where? Who should be
present?
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
100
Interactions: Scenario 3
• In this U-12 match, player #3 is a defender
who obviously watched the World Cup. He
repeatedly attempts slide tackles with little
success, often tripping or endangering
opponents. Opposing attacker #10 has been
tripped twice by #3 and is becoming upset.
• How can you handle this situation? When
should you start? What if your plan doesn't
work?
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
101
Interactions: Scenario 4
• During the first half of a U-12 match, the Blue
team coach has been complaining about the
referee's calls almost every time a call goes
against her team. It is nearing the end of the
half. The referee notices parents from the Blue
team are beginning to complain.
• What can you, the referee, do in this situation?
When and how? Who will you involve?
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
102
Dealing with Spectators
• Use body language to send a message to spectator
• Run by coach during play and ask for assistance with
spectator
• If spectator dissent continues
– Stop play
– Have discussion with coaches on field near touchline
– Announce that match may be terminated if behavior continues
• Referees, coaches and spectators are role models for
players. ALL need to set example for players to
emulate
In AYSO, it’s about more than the game!
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
103
Proper Location for Coaches,
Substitute and Spectators
Coaches’ Area
(Technical Area)
Halfway Line
Touch Line
• Coaches’ Area
– 20 Yards wide (extending 10 yards on either side of the
halfway line)
– 1 yard back from the touch line
– During the game coaches and substitutes should
remain in this area
• Spectators should be between the “18 Yard lines”
and back from touchlines by 3 yards+
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
104
The AYSO Team
RE
FE
RE
ES
RS
TO
TA
EC
SP
S/
NT
RE
PA
For any team to function well it has to have rules.
The AYSO Team has four basic rules:
1. Work together
2. Help each other
3. Protect each other
4. Do your best
PLAYERS
COACHES
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
105
Review of Interactions w/
Coaches, Players, and Spectators
• Referees are role models and set the tone for
the match.
• Referees must interact appropriately with
players, coaches, and spectators.
• Referees are guardians of the game and must
remember the concept of the AYSO Team.
• Referees must understand the characteristics of
the age group involved.
• Referees must also manage problems outside
the touchlines.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
106
Module 19
AYSO National Referee
Program
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
107
The AYSO Organization
Levels & Structure
• National
• Section
• Area
• Region
N
S
S
R
A
A
A
R
S
R
R
A
R
Example: Region 104 is in Area C, Area C is in Section 12
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
108
AYSO National Organization
Organization Comprised of:
• National Board of Directors
• Commissions
– Referee
– Coaching
– Management
• National Support and Training Center
(NSTC)
• Sections/Areas/Regions
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
109
AYSO Referee Program
Badge Level
Training Focus - Modules
U-8 Official
U5-U8 – Modules 1-7
Regional/Basic
U10 – Modules 1-13
Intermediate
U12 – Modules 14-19
Advanced
U14 – Modules 20-24
National
Spring 07
U16, U19 – National Referee Course
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
110
Referee Support
• Informal Mentoring
– May be requested or a random, unannounced visit
• Observations & Assessments
– Requested by candidate for level upgrade
– Observations done mainly for upgrade to
Intermediate Referee
– Assessments done mainly for upgrade to Advanced
& National
• Referee Meetings
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
111
Proficiency Categories
for Referees
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Spring 07
Appearance
Pre-Game Administration
Fitness
Attitude
Courage, Character & Consistency
Positioning, Mechanics and Signals
Accuracy of Decisions
Control
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
112
AYSO Rules & Regulations
• Relevant Topics
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Spring 07
Duration of Games (I-B)
Playing Time and Substitution (I-C)
Officiating (I-D)
Duties and Responsibilities of Coaches & Referees (I-E)
Size of Ball (I-F-1 a, b & c)
Field of Play (I-G-1 thru 3)
Small Sided Games (I-H-1 thru 3)
Proper Dress (VI)
Injuries (VIII)
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
113
AYSO Policy Statements
• Knee braces are allowed. The referee
determines whether a particular knee brace is
safe for a particular game.
• Casts and Splints are not allowed at
practices or games. VI – H
• Earrings or ear studs are not allowedPERIOD. These are dangerous to the wearer.
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
114
Continuing Education
• Web sites
– AYSO: www.soccer.org and www.aysohelp.org
– USSF: www.ussoccer.com
– FIFA: www.fifa.com
• Publications
– USSF: “Advice to Referees on the Laws of the Game”
– FIFA: “Questions and Answers to the Laws of the Game”
– AYSO: “Guidance for Referees and Coaches”
Spring 07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
115
Course Wrap Up
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
116
Region 104
Monthly Referee Meetings
• Held during the season on the 4th Tuesday of the
month
– Fall: August, September & October
– Spring: February, March & April
• Topics Include:
– Discussions of current events and issues
– Quizzes and discussions of the laws
– Signing of Upgrade Forms & Paperwork
– Retaking of Exams
– Referee Instructional Videos
• Check web site for possible date/time changes
– www.ayso104.org, and click on the Calendar link
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
117
AYSO Referee Program:
Break Down by Certification Level
Referee Certification
October 2005
70.00
Region 104
60.00
Section 12
Percent (%)
50.00
National
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
U8 Officials
Regional
Intermediate
Advanced
National
Level
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
118
On-line Referee Scheduler
• Used for U10 and older divisions
– U10 is when we go to Neutral Referees (not affiliated with the
home team)
• Accessed from the Region 104 web page
– www.ayso104.org | Referees menu | Referee Scheduler
– Username: referee
– Password: (ask instructor)
• Schedules posted about a week prior to the season start
– Late August and February
• Used for Center Referee and Assistant Referee positions
• May be used to request mentoring or observations
• Work with Division Scheduler first, then look for open
games
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
119
Referee Scheduler
Main Selection Screen
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
120
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
121
Reporting of Discipline/Behavior
Problems during Games
• Contact the Division Commissioner
• Contact the Regional Referee Administrator
– In Region 104: Dave Lauben,
email: chief.referee@ayso104.org
• Record Facts of Event:
– Date, Time & Park Location
– Division (e.g. U-10 Girls)
– Individuals Involved
• Players (name and number)
• Coaches
• Spectators (if known)
– Cautions (yellow cards) or Send Off/Dismissals
(red cards)
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
122
AYSO Philosophies
• Everyone Plays
• Balanced Teams
• Open Registration
• Positive Coaching
• Good Sportsmanship
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
123
Test Review
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
124
Test Time!
Questions?
Reminders
Test Location: ATC
Passing Grade: 90% or higher.
Turn finished exam into instructors.
If from Region 104, get your gold referee jersey.
Spring-07
Region 104-Intermediate Referee Course
125