GSM移动通信系统原理培训讲义
有线接口信令协议
上海大唐移动通信设备有限公司
1
2003.12
Abis接口信令
2
主叫流程（一）
MS
BTS
Channel request
BSC
Channel required
Channel activation
Channel activation ack
Immediate assignment
SABM(cm_serv_req)
Immediate assign command
establish indication
UA(cm_serv_req)
CM service accept
Setup
Call proceeding
3
Data request(CM service accept)
Data Ind(Setup)
Data request(Call proceeding)
主叫流程（二）
MS
BTS
BSC
Channel activation
Assignment command
SABM
UA
Assignment Complete
Channel activation ack
Data req.(Assignment command)
establish indication
Data Ind.(Assignment Complete)
Deactivate SACCH
Release request(local end rel)
Release confirm
RF Channle release
4
Alerting
RF Channel release ack
Data req.(Alerting)
Connect
Data req.(Connect)
Connect acknowledge
Data Ind.(Connect acknowledge)
主叫流程（三）
MS
BTS
Disconnect
Release
Release Complete
BSC
Data Ind.(Disconnect)
Data Req.(Release)
Data Ind.(Release Complete)
Channel Release
Data Req.(Channel Release)
Deactivate SACCH
DISC
Release Indication
UA
RF Channle release
RF Channel release ack
5
主叫流程（四）
MS
BTS
Disconnect
Release
Release Complete
BSC
Data Ind.(Disconnect)
Data Req.(Release)
Data Ind.(Release Complete)
Channel Release
Data Req.(Channel Release)
Deactivate SACCH
DISC
Release Indication
UA
RF Channle release
RF Channel release ack
6
被叫流程（一）
MS
BTS
Paging Request
Channel request
Immediate assignment
SABM(pag_resp)
BSC
Paging Command
Channel required
Channel activation
Channel activation ack
Immediate assign command
establish indication
UA(pag_resp)
CM service accept
Setup
Call confirm
7
Data req.(CM service accept)
Data req.(Setup)
Data ind.(Call confirm)
被叫流程（二）
MS
BTS
BSC
Channel activation
Assignment command
SABM
UA
Assignment Complete
Channel activation ack
Data req.(Assignment command)
establish indication
Data ind.(Assignment Complete)
Deactivate SACCH
Release request
Release confirm
RF Channle release
RF Channel release ack
Alerting
Connect
Connect acknowledge
8
Data ind.(Alerting)
Data ind.(Connect)
Data req.(Connect acknowledge)
小区间切换
MS
Measurement report
Handover command
BTS1
BSC
Measurement result
Channel activation
Data req.(HO command) Channel activation ack
Handover access
Handover detection
Physical information
SABM
UA
establish indication
Handover complete
Data ind.(HO complete)
Release Request(local)
Release Confirmation
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release ACK
9
BTS2
A 接 口 信 令
10
A接口信令
11
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE T10
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
REQUEST
RR Cause
Interference
Band
To Be2Used
Identity
Code
Channel
Type
Priority
Classmark
Information
Circuit
Pool
Channel
RR
CauseType
Phase1/Phase2
MSband1~band5
Normalformat
bitmap
for
a-k:PCM
No.,max
2048
Speech/data
indicator:Speech/Data/Signaling
Preemption
Capability
Indicator
No1:FRV1;FR
Data
12/6/3.6kbit/s
Controlled
Early
Classmark
Sending rate)/SDCCH
xxxxx:timeslot
No.
ChannelLevel:1~14
rate
and
type:Full
rate(Half
Priority
No4:FRV2;
FR
Data
12/6/3.6kbit/s
PriorityIdentity Code
Circuit
Circuit
Cell
Identifier
Identity Code(MSC Allocate)
Downlink
Chosen
Channel
DTX Flag
RF Power Capability
Permitted
speech version
indication:FRV1/FRV2(EFR)
Queueing
Allowed
Indicator:Allowed/not
N05:FRV1;FRV2;
FR
Data
12/6/3.6kbit/s Allowed
Pseudo Synchronization Capability
Preemption Vulnerability Indicator
Supplementary Service Screening Indication
Interference
Circuit
Pool Band To Be Used
MT SMS pt. To pt. Capability
Classmark
Speech
Version(Chosen)
Information 2
Frequency Capability(GSM900 Extended?)
A5/1;A5.2;A5/3
12
Classmark 3
A接口信令
MS
BSS
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE T10
MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Cause
Cause
Requested terrestrial resource unavailable
RR Cause
Requested transcoding/rate adaption available
Circuit Pool
Requested speech version unavailable
Circuit Pool List
Circuit pool mismatch
Switch circuit pool/Terrestrial circuit already allocated
Equipment failure/No radio resource available/O&M intervention
Radio interface message failure
13
Radio interface failure,reversion to old channel
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
CLEAR REQUEST
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Request
Clear Command
Cause
Cause
Radio
interface message failure
Call control
O&M intervention
Protocol error
between BSS and MSC
Equipment
failure
Preemptionsuccessful
Handover
Protocol error between BSS and MSC
14
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
HANDOVER REQUIRED
T7
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER REQUIRED REJECT
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER REQUIED(1)
HANDOVER COMPLETE T8
CLEAR REQUEST
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
HANDOVER FAILURE
HANDOVER FAILURE
Failure ACK
Required
Reject
Request
Command
Handover Complete
Detect
Cause
Layer3
Information
Channel
Type element except
No
RR
information
Cause
for message type
RR
Cause
Chosen
Cell
Identifier
Channel
Classmark
Information 1 or 2
Response
Request
Circuit
Pool
Chosen
Encryption
Algorithm
Priority
Cell Identifier
List(Preferred)
ListFlag
Circuit
Pool
Downlink
DTX
Circuit
Code
Interference
Band
To Be Used
CurrentIdentity
Channel
Classmark
Information 3
Speech Version(Used)
15
Speech
version(Used)
Queueing
Indicator
BSS
HANDOVER REQUEST
HANDOVER FAILURE
HANDOVER REQUEST ACK
HANDOVER DETECT
HANDOVER COMPLETE
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Cause
Configuration
Envolution
Cell
Identifier
List
Response
Request
Classmark
Information
13 Indication
Cause
Requested terrestrial resource unavailable
SMI:Subsequent
Modification
Indication,
Max
n,which
isMS
set
by Uplink
O&M,from
1 REJECT
to 16,
Request
HANDOVER
REQUIRED
Phase1/Phase2
O&M
Multi-bands
intervention
supported,E-GSM/DCS1800/R-GSM
Uplink
Quality
Strength
Ciphering
algorithm
not
supported
list is given in order of preference
Encryption Information Controlled
whether
modification
is
allowed
or
not
if result
in
no
handover
RF
Power
Capability
Early
Classmark
for
each
Sending
band
Equipment
Downlink
Quality
failure
Downlink
Strength
Requested
transcoding/rate
adaptation
unavaliable
Cell Identifier(Serving) RF
A5/4,A5/5,A5/6,A5/7
Power Capability
Requested
terrestrial resource
unavailable
Distance
Better Cell
Requested Speech version unavailable
Circuit Identity Code
A5/1
UCS2 message contents
Invalid
Traffic
Response toMSC Invocation
Circuit
pool
mismatch
Switch circuit pool
Cell Identifier(Target)
Requested
transcoding/rate
adaptation
unavaliable
Directed Retry
Switch
Circuit Pool
O&M
intervention
Equipment
failure
Cause
Preemption
O&M Intervention
No radio resource available
Invalid cell
Current Channel
Radio interface failure,reversion to old channel
Config. Evolution Ind
Chosen Encryption Algorithm(Serving)
Terrestrial resource already allocated
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER FAILURE
HANDOVER PERFORMED
T8
CLEAR REQUEST
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Handover Performed
Cause
Cause
Uplink Quality
Uplink Strength
Cell Identifier
Downlink Quality
Downlink Strength
Chosen Channel
Distance
Better Cell
Chosen Encryption Algorithm
Traffic
Directed Retry
Speech Version(Chosen)
Switch Circuit Pool
Preemption
O&M Intervention
16
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
HANDOVER PERFORMED
T10
CLEAR REQUEST
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Handover Performed
Cause
Cause
Uplink Quality
Uplink Strength
Cell Identifier
Downlink Quality
Downlink Strength
Chosen Channel
Switch Circuit Pool
O&M Intervention
Chosen Encryption Algorithm
Speech Version(Chosen)
17
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
PAGING
PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1/2/3
Paging
Channel
Needed
Cell Identifier
List
IMSI
Any
channel(default)
Cell Identification
discrimination:
TMSI
SDCCH
1.CGI
Cell Identifier List
Channel Needed
TCH/F
2.LAC+CI
TCH/H
3.CI or TCH/F
4.No Cell
5.LAI
6.LAC
18
7.All Cells on the BSS
A接口信令
MS
CM SERVICE REQUEST
PAGING RESPONSE
CM REESTABLISHMENT REQUEST
LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST
IMSI DETACH
BSS
MSC
COMPLETE LAYER 3 INFORMATION
Extract classmark information
Complete Layer 3 Information
Cell Identifier
Layer 3 Information
Chosen Channel
19
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
CLASSMARK REQUEST
CLASSMARK ENQUIRY
CLASSMARK CHANGE
CLASSMARK UPDATE
(option suppress or delay)
CLASSMARK UPDATE(handover)
Classmark update
Classmark Information 2
Classmark Information 3
20
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
CIPHER MODE COMMAND
CIPHERING MODE COMMAND
CIPHER MODE REJECT
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
CIPHER MODE COMPLETE
21
Cipher Mode Reject
Command
Complete
Encryption
Information
Cipher
response
Mode
Cause
Cause
Encryption
Layer
3 message
Information
contents
Permitted
A5/3,A5/4, A5/5,A5/6, A5/7
IMSI
mustalgorithm:A5/1,A5/2,
(not) be included
by MS
Ciphering
algorithm
not supported
Cipher Response
Chosen
Encryption
Mode
Algorithm
Key
Invalid message contents
A接口信令
BSS
MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
QUEUING INDICATION
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
T11
CLEAR REQUEST(?)
BSS
Queuing Indication
only Message type
Tqho
MSC
HANDOVER REQUEST
QUEUING INDICATION
HANDOVER REQUEST ACK
HANDOVER FAILURE
HANDOVER FAILURE
22
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
BLOCK/UNBLOCK
T1
BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
T1
BLOCK/UNBLOCK
BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
Notify to O&M
BLOCK
BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACKNOWLEDGE
UNBLOCK
Circuit Identity Code
Cause
Connection Release Requested
23
Cause
No radio resource available
O&M intervention
Equipment failure
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK
T20
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
T20
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
Notify to O&M
CIRCUIT GROUP UNBLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK/UNBLOCK
ACKNOWLEDGE
Circuit
Cause Identity Code
Circuit
Circuit Identity
Identity Code
Code List
Circuit Identity Code List
Circuit Identity Code List
24
Circuit
Cause Identity Code List
Range,Max
255,from
CIC to CIC+255
No radio resource
available
Status,no
indication/block
O&M intervention
Equipment failure
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
BLOCK/UNBLOCK
T21
BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
T21
BLOCK/UNBLOCK
BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
Notify to O&M
BLOCK
BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACKNOWLEDGE
UNBLOCK
Circuit Identity Code
Cause
Connection Release Requested
25
Cause
No radio resource available
O&M intervention
Equipment failure
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK
T22
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
T22
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK
CIRCUIT GROUP BLOCK/UNBLOCK ACK
Notify to O&M
CIRCUIT GROUP UNBLOCK
BLOCK
BLOCK/UNBLOCK
ACKNOWLEDGE
Circuit
Cause Identity Code
Circuit
Circuit Identity
Identity Code
Code List
Circuit Identity Code List
Circuit Identity Code List
26
Circuit
Cause Identity Code List
Range,Max
255,from
CIC to CIC+255
No radio resource
available
Status,no
indication/block
O&M intervention
Equipment failure
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
RESOURCE REQUEST
RESOURCE INDICATION(1/2/3/4)
Period
RESOURCE INDICATION(1) condition met
RESOURCE INDICATION(3)
Resource Indication
Request
Resource
Periodicity
Avaliable
Indication
Method
Extended
Resource Indication
Resource
PeriodicityIndication Method
Band1~Band5,
100ms~25500ms
number
of
idle
FR/HR
1:Spontaneous
resource
information
expected
SM:Subsequent
Mode(only
valid
forRIM=2)
Resource Avaliable
Indication Method
2:One single
resource infoprmation
expected
0--Method
4
Cell Identifier
3:Periodic resource
1--if RIMinformation
of before isexpected
1 or 3, no changed;
Total
Resource
Accessible
Extended
Resource
Indication
4: No resourceotherwise,
information
4 expected
TARR:Total Accessible Resource Requested
27
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
RESET
T16 T13
RESET ACK
RESET (1)
T16
RESET (n)
Reset
Cause
Cause
O&M intervention
Equipment failure
28
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
RESET
T4
T2
RESET ACK
RESET (1)
T4
RESET (n)
Reset
Cause
Cause
O&M intervention
Equipment failure
29
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
RESET CIRCUIT
RESET CIRCUIT ACK
UNEQUIPPED CIRCUIT
RESET CIRCUIT(1)
T19
T19
RESET CIRCUIT(n)
Reset Circuit
Cause
Circuit Identity Code
O&M intervention
Cause
Equipment failure
Reset Circuit ACK/Unequipped Circuit
Circuit Identity Code
30
A接口信令
MS
BSS
T12
MSC
RESET CIRCUIT
RESET CIRCUIT ACK
UNEQUIPPED CIRCUIT
RESET CIRCUIT(1)
T12
RESET CIRCUIT(n)
Reset Circuit
Cause
Circuit Identity Code
O&M intervention
Cause
Equipment failure
Reset Circuit ACK/Unequipped Circuit
Circuit Identity Code
31
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
HANDOVER CANDIDATE ENQUIRE
HANDOVER REQUIRED(1)
HANDOVER REQUIRED(n)
HANDOVER CANDIDATE RESPONSE
Handover Candidate Enquire
Number of MSs
Cell Identifier List
Cell Identifier
Handover Candidate Response
Number of MSs
32
Cell Identifier
A接口信令
BSS
Decrease random access traffic by 1 step
T17
MSC
OVERLOAD
OVERLOAD(ignored)
T18
OVERLOAD
Decrease random access traffic by 1 step
Increase random access traffic by 1 step
Overload
Cause
Cause
Processor overload
O&M intervention
33
A接口信令
BSS
Decrease MSC originated traffic by 1 step
T5
MSC
OVERLOAD
OVERLOAD(ignored)
T6
OVERLOAD
Decrease MSC originated traffic by 1 step
Increase MSC originated traffic by 1 step
Overload
Cause
Cause
Processor overload
Cell Identifier
O&M intervention
CCCH overload
34
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
DTAP MESSAGE(SAPI in DLCI0)
SAPI “n” REJECT
SAPI “n” Reject
Cause
DLCI
O&M intervention
Cause
Processor overload
BSS not equipped
MS not equipped
35
A接口信令
MS
BSS
MSC
CONFUSION
CONFUSION
UNEQUIPPED CIRCUIT
UNEQUIPPED CIRCUIT
Confusion
Unequipped Circuit
Cause
Circuit Identity Code
Cause
Diagnostics
Circuit Identity Code List
Information element or field missing
Invalid message contents
Incorrect value
Unknown message type
Unknown information element
Protocol error between BSS and MSC
36
Invalid cell
A接口信令
BSS
MSC
BSS
LOAD INDICATION
LOAD INDICATION
Load Indication
Cause
Resource
Situation
Time
Indication
Time Indication
O&M
intervention
number
of SDCCH
0:No
value
valid channel in each interference band
Cell Identifier
Equipment
failure channel in each interference band
number of TCH/F
255:infinite
Cell Identifier List(Target)
No radio resource available
others:10s~2540s
Resource Situation
Processor overload
(if without, the indicated cell is not able
to perform incoming handover request)
Traffic load
Cause
37
A接口信令
38
MAP 接 口 信 令
39
MAP所应用的接口
•
•
•
•
•
40
VLR-HLR
MSC-HLR
VLR-VLR
MSC-MSC
MSC-EIR
用户信息、位置信息
查询路由
用户信息
切换、短消息
设备鉴权
MAP
• GSM网移动系统实体
—归属位置寄存器(HLR)
—拜访位置寄存器(VLR)
—移动业务交换中心(MSC)
—设备识别积存器(EIR)
—关口局MSC(GMSC)
41
动态数据库VLR
• VLR (Visitor Location Register)：拜访位置寄存器。实际上是一
个数据库，储存用户信息，主要包括：
•
42
– MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming Number) : 移动台漫游号码
– TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification) : 临时移动用户身
份
– 移动台登记的位置区（LAC）
– 与补充业务有关的数据
可分配一个MSRN，还可以分配一个TMSI用于用户的身份保密。
静态数据库HLR
• HLR (Home Location Register)：归属位置寄存器。实际上是一
个数据库，主要储存二类数据：
– 用户数据，主要包括：
• 用户的身份IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identification)
• 用户ISDN号码
• VLR地址
– 用户的位置信息
43
MAP的应用
• GSM NO.7信令网的等级结构
44
HSTP
HSTP
LSTP
LSTP
SP
SP
HSTP
SP
信令网和话路网的对应关系
•
TMSC1
HSTP
TMSC
2
LSTP
H&LSTP
TMSC
2
MSC
MSC
话路
45
TMSC1
信令链
信令网的寻址方式
•
MAP是专为GSM要求而设计的，是TCAP的一个
客户，位于TCAP之上。MAP协议支持一个物理实体
同时和几个物理实体的通信，主要功能是支持移动
用户的位置登记、位置删除、用户业务管理、参数
管理、漫游、越区切换、鉴权、保密数据传输等。
CIC表示该消息属于哪条话音电路（它的长度是12比
特，因此一条数字信令链路理论上可载送212 =4096
条话路的信令消息）。在GSM信令网SP、STP间传
送MAP信令消息必须有SCCP的支持，SCCP的地址
是由GT、DPC、SSN组成。
46
MAP支持的程序
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
47
---位置登记/删除
---切换
---复原
---操作维护
---补充业务
---短消息处理
---呼叫处理
IMEI的管理
位置登记/删除
•
VLR
HLR
PVLR
Send Authen
Send Authen Ack
Update-location
Cancel-location
Insert Sub.Data
Insert Sub.Date Ack
Update-location Ack
48
Cancel-location Ack
故障后复原程序——VLR复原
•
VLR
HLR
Provide Roaming Number
Provide Roaming Number Ack.
Send Authentication
Send Authentication Ack.
Restore Data
49
故障后复原程序——VLR复原
•
Insert Sub. Data
Insert Sub. Data Ack
Restore Data Ack.
50
故障后复原程序——HLR复原
•
HLR
Reset
Update Location
Active Trace Mode
Active Trace Mode Ack.
Insert Sub.Data
Insert Sub.Data Ack
Update Location Ack
51
VLR
呼叫建立期间获得路由数据
•
GMSC
HLR
VLR
Send Routing Information
Provide Roaming Number
PRN Ack.
SRI Ack.
52
移动发起短消息业务传送
•
MSC/VLR
HLR
SC
Send Routing Info
Send Routing Infor for SM Ack.
Forward SM
Forward SM Ack
53
短消息提醒程序
• MSC/VLR
HLR
SC
Ready for SM
Ready for SM Ack.
Alert SMC
Alert SMC Ack.
54
位置更新过程
Um
A
BSS
VMSC
B
VLR
Location Update 的起因：
1） SIM卡第一次使用
2）位置区发生变化
3）周期位置更新
4）IMSI attach/detach
55
new
HLR
Loc update
D
D
cancellation
G
Id inquiring
VLR
old
位置更新流程 (1)
在同一VLR/MSC中的位置更新
MS
BSS
Loc upd req
VMSC
Cmpl L3 Info
Authentication req
Authentication resp
Ciphering mode cmd
Ciphering mode comp
Upd loc area
Authenticate
Authenticate ack
Cipher mode cmd
Cipher mode comp
Loc upd acc
TMSI reallocation cmp
56
VLR
Authenticate
Authenticate
Update
location
area ACK
Update
Set
Ciphering
location
Mode
area
Forward
NewACK
TMSI
User error
SRES
RAND
Target
location
area Id
User
ciphering
error
mode:no,A5/1~7
TMSI
CKSN cell
Serving
Provider
Kc
errorId
Location update type
IMSI
Forward New TMSI ACK
TMSI
Provider error
Previous location area Id
unknown subscriber
unknown location area
roaming not allowed
illegal subscriber
illegal equipment
system failure;
Set ciphering mode
Fwd new TMSI
Upd loc area ack
Fwd new TMSI ack
位置更新流程 (2)
在新的VLR中的位置更新，原VLR可及
MS
BSS
Loc upd req
VMSC
Cmpl L3 Info
Auth. req
Auth. resp
Ciph. mode cmd
Ciph. mode cmp
VLRn
Upd Loc area
Auth.
Auth. ack
Ciph. Mode cmd
Ciph. mode cmp
Loc upd acc
TMSI reallocation cmp
Set ciph. mode
FWD new TMSI
Upd Loc area ack
VLRo
HLR
Send Id
Send Id ack
Upd loc
Cancel location.
Cancel location ack
Insert subs data
Insert subs data ack
Upd loc ack
Fwd new TMSI ack
Insert subscriber data ack
IMSI
MSISDN
Category
Bearer service
list
Teleservice list
User error
Send
Identification
ack service list
Update
location
Cancel
ack
Subscriber
status
Bearer
Cancel
Update
location
ack
Send
Identification
unknown subscriber
Operator
determined
barring
general
Teleservice
list
Fwd info
list data
IMSI
roaming not allowed
TMSI
SS
code
list unexpected
Regional
subscription
response
User
error:
data info
value
Call
bar
info
listset
CUG
list
IMSI
HLR
number
Authentication
MSC address
SS-data
listCAMEL phases
Operator determined barring general data system failure;
Supported
User
error:unidentified
subscriber
Provider
error
57 Operator
LMSI
User
errordetermined barring
HPLMN data
unexpected data value
User
error:unidentified
subscriber,data
missing,unexpected data value
VLR
number
Provider error
Roaming
restriction due to unsupported feature
Provider
LMSI
Provider error
error
Regional
subscription
data
VLR CAMEL subscription info
位置更新流程 (3)
在新的VLR中的位置更新，原VLR不可及
MS
BSS
Loc upd req
VMSC
Cmpl L3 Info
ID req
ID resp
Auth. resp
Ciph. mode cmp
Ciph. mode cmp
Loc upd acc
TMSI reallocation cmp
Provide IMSI ack
58
Auth.
Auth. ack
Ciph. Mode cmd
IMSI
user error:absent subscriber
Provider error
VLRo
HLR
Upd Loc area
Provide IMSI
Provide IMSI ack
Auth. req
Ciph. mode cmd
VLRn
Send Auth. info
Send Auth info ack
Upd loc
Cancel location.
Insert subs data Cancel location ack
Insert subs data ack
FWD new TMSI
Upd
loc
ack
Upd Loc area ack
Set ciph. mode
Fwd new TMSI ack
位置更新流程 (4)
在新的VLR中的位置更新，原VLR可及，但信息丢失
MS
BSS
Loc upd req
VMSC
VLRn
Upd Loc area
Cmpl L3 Info
ID req
ID resp
Provide IMSI ack
Auth. req
Auth. resp
Ciph. mode cmd
Ciph. mode cmp
Ciph. Mode cmd
Ciph. mode cmp
Loc upd acc
TMSI reallocation cmp
59
Provide IMSI
Auth.
Auth. ack
VLRo
HLR
Send Id
Send Id ack
Send Auth. info
Send Auth info ack
Upd loc
Cancel location.
Insert subs data Cancel location ack
Insert subs data ack
FWD new TMSI
Upd loc ack
Upd Loc area ack
Set ciph. mode
Fwd new TMSI ack
位置更新流程 (5)
在新的VLR中的位置更新，原VLR可及，但信息丢失
MS
BSS
Loc upd req
Id req.
Id resp
VMSC
VLRn
Loc upd req
Loc area upd
Id req.
Id req.
Id req.
unknown
Id resp
Auth.
Auth.
Id resp
Auth.
Auth. resp
Auth. resp
Auth. ack
Ciph. mode cmd
Start ciphering
Set ciph. mode
Ciph. mode cmp
VLRo
Loc upd acc
Ciph. mode cmp
Loc upd acc
TMSI reallocation cmp
HLR
Loc upd req
Loc upd ack
TMSI ack
Cancellation.
Cancellation ack
60
IMSI Detach流程
MS
BSS
IMSI Detach
Detach IMSI
IMSI
TMSI
61
VMSC
Cmpl L3 Info
VLR
Detach IMSI
清除MS流程
MS没有在规定的时间里作周期性位置更新，
或O&M操作清除MS
MS
BSS
VMSC
VLR
Purge MS
Purge MS ack
Purge MS
IMSI
VLR number
Purge MS ack
Provider error
62
移动主叫（MO）过程
Um
A
BSS
IAM（ISUP）
VMSC
B
VPLMN(visited)
IAM : Initial address message
ISUP : ISDN user part
SIFOC : Send information for outgoing call
63
SIFOC
Complete call
VLR
MO 信令流程
MS
CM service req
BSS
VMSC
Cmpl L3 Info
Authenticate request
Authenticate resp
CM service accept
setup
SIFOC
Complete call
Call proceeding
Assignment cmd
Assignment comp
VLR
Process access req
Authenticate
Authenticate ack
Process access req ack
Assignment request
Assignment complete
Alert
Connect
IAM
ACM
ANM
Connect ack
Complete call
64
MSISDN
IMEI
Category
GSM
bearer capability
Send
information
for
outgoing
call
ack
Process
access request
ISDN
bearer
capability
Called
number
IMSIservice
CM
typecompatibility
ISDN
low layer
Bearer
service
ISDN
high
layer compatibility
MSISDN
Access
connection
status
Teleservice
CLIP
provision
CLIR override provision
User
error:
Current
location
ID
CLIR
CLIR mode
CUG provision
index
COLP
provision
COLR override provision
Provider
error
TMSI/IMSI
Suppress
preferential CUG
COLR provision
No Reply Condition Timer
CKSN
CUG
index
CUG
interlock
Suppress CUG outgoing
access
CUG outgoing access Advice of Charge provision
User error
unidentified subscriber
illegal equipment
roaming not allowed
unknown location area
unexpected data value
illegal subscriber
system failure
移动被叫（MT）过程
IAM
(ISUP)
VMSC
IAM (ISUP)
GMSC
B
A
BSS
SIFIC
Page/ack
Complete call
VLR
Send routeing
info/ack
Provide roaming
number/ack
HLR
SIFIC : Send information for incoming call
65
VPLMN
Um
移动被叫流程
GMSC
IAM
VLR
VMSC
SIFIC
Page/Search MS
Process access req
Process access req ack
Complete call
BSS
Paging
Cmpl L3 Info
MS
Paging request
Paging response
Setup
Call conf
Assignment request
Assignment cmp
ACM
ANM
Complete call ack
Search
MS
Page
Send
Information
for Incoming Call
66
IMSI
IMSI
MSRN
Page type
Location
area ID
Bearer
service
TMSItype
Page
Teleservice
TMSI
Dialled number
Number of forwarding
CUG interlock
CUG outgoing access
Ass cmd
Ass cmp
Allerting
Connect
Connect ack
MT获取路由信息
GMSC
IAM
HLR
Send Routing Info
SRI ack
VLR
VMSC
Provide Roaming Number
PRN ack
IAM
Send
Information
ack
Provide
Roaming
Number ack
Send Routing
Routing
Information
67
IMSI
Roaming
number
IMSI
Interrogation
type
Roaming number
MSC
User
error
number
GMSC
address
Forwarded-to
number
Forwarded-to
Provider
MSISDN
MSISDNerror subaddress
Notification
to calling party
Alerting Pattern
LMSI
Forwarding
reason
CUG interlock
Redirecting
presentation
CUG outgoing
access
MSISDN
Number of forwarding
CUG
ISDNinterlock
BC
ISDNoutgoing
LLC
CUG
access
ISDN HLC
User error
Absent subscriber
Subscriber;
Bearer service not provisioned;
No Roaming
Number determined
Available; barring);
Call
barred (Operator
OR Not
Allowed;
CUG
reject
(Called party SS interaction violation);
Facility
Not Supported;
Data
missing
Facility not supported;
System Failure;
Forwarding
violation Number changed;
Data Missing;
System
Failure
Teleservice not provisioned;
Datavalue
Value
Unexpected data
Unknown subscriber
MSRN路由接续的机理
北京
TMSC
TMSC
021
6495
SRI
GMSC
021-64957700
“13901234567”
MSISDN
上海
MSC/VLR
6495xxxx
MSC/VLR
PRN
江苏
MSRN
64957700
64957701
68
HLR
021-64957700
MSRN
“13901234567”
HLR号
0123
6485xxxx
MSC/VLR
021
IAM
TMSC
6495ABCD
切换流程
•
•
•
•
69
小区内切换流程
小区间切换流程
外部切换流程
MSC间切换
小区内切换
MSC
BSC
MS
BTS
Measurement result
Measurement report
Channel activation
Channel activation ack
Assigment command (FACCH)
Establish indication
SABM(FACCH)
UA（FACCH）
Assigment complete(FACCH)
HO Performed
Receiver Ready(FACCH)
Release Request
Release Confirmation
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release ACK
70
外部切换
MSC
BSS2
BTS2
Handover Required
Handover Request
Channel Activation
Channel Activation ACK
HO Request ACK
Handover Command
Handover Detection
Handover Detection
Establish Indication
Handover Complete
Handover Complete
Clear Command
Clear Command
71
BSS1
BTS1
Measurement Result
Measurement Report(SACCH)
Handover Command(FACCH)
Handover Access(FACCH)
Physical Information (FACCH)
SABM (FACCH)
UA (FACCH)
Handover Complete (FACCH)
Receiver Ready (FACCH)
Release Request
Release Confirmation
RF Channel Release
RF CH Release ACK
MS
MSC间切换流程（一）
需要电路连接的MSC间基本切换
MS/BSS-A
MSC-A
HO Required
HO Command
Clear Command
Clear Complete
MSC-B
Prep HO
Prep HO ack
IAM
ACM
Proc access sig
Send end sig req
ANS
Release
Send end sig ack
Send
Process
end
Handover
access
signalsignal
Report
Prepare
Handover
ack
BSS
BSS APDU
APDU
Handover
Target
cell number
ID
Handover
number
BSS
APDU
Linked
ID
User
error
Provider error
72
BSS-B/MS
Alloc HO number
HO Request
HO Request ack
Send HO report
Send HO report ack
HO Detect
HO Complete
Clear Command
Clear Complete
User error
No handover number available
System failure
Unexpected data value
Data missing
VLR-B
MSC间切换流程（二）
不需要电路连接的MSC间基本切换
MS/BSS-A
MSC-A
HO Required
MSC-B
BSS-B/MS
Prep HO
HO Request
HO Request ack
Prep HO ack
HO Command
Clear Command
Clear Complete
Proc access sig
Send end sig req
Send end sig ack
73
HO Detect
HO Complete
Clear Command
Clear Complete
VLR-B
MSC间切换流程（三）
MSC B切换回MSC A，使用电路连接
MS/BSS-A
MSC-A
HO Request
HO Request ack
MSC-B
Prep sub HO
Prep sub HO ack
BSS-B/MS
HO Required
HO Command
HO Detect
HO Complete
Send end sig ack
Release
Clear Command
Clear Complete
Prepare subsequent Handover
Target cell ID
User error
Target MSC number
BSS APDU
Subsequent handover failure
Prepare subsequent Handover ack
74 User error
Provider error
Unkown MSC
Unexpected data value
Data missing
VLR-B
MSC间切换流程（四）
MSC B切换回MSC A，不使用电路连接
MS/BSS-A
MSC-A
HO Request
HO Request ack
MSC-B
Prep sub HO
Prep sub HO ack
BSS-B/MS
HO Required
HO Command
HO Detect
HO Complete
75
Send end sig ack
Clear Command
Clear Complete
VLR-B
MSC间切换流程（五）
MSC B切换到MSC C，使用电路连接
MSC-A
MSC-B
Prep sub HO
Prep HO
BSS-B/MS
HO Required
MSC-C
Prep HO ack
IAM
ACM
Prep sub HO ack
HO Command
Proc access sig
Send end sig req
ANS
Release
Send end sig ack
VLR-C
Alloc HO number
HO Request
HO Request ack
Send HO report
Send HO report ack
HO Detect
HO Complete
Clear Command
Clear Complete
Release
Send end sig ack
76
BSS-C/MS
Clear Cmd
Clear Cmpl
MSC间切换流程（六）
MSC B切换到MSC C，不使用电路连接
MSC-A
MSC-B
Prep sub HO
Prep HO
BSS-B/MS
HO Required
MSC-C
BSS-C/MS
HO Request
HO Request ack
Prep HO ack
Prep sub HO ack
HO Command
Proc access sig
Send end sig req
Send end sig ack
Clear Command
Clear Complete
Send end sig ack
77
HO Detect
HO Complete
Clear Cmd
Clear Cmpl
VLR-C
MSC间切换流程（七）
不需要电路连接的MSC间基本切换后，建立电路连接
MS/BSS-A
MSC-A
Prep HO
MSC-B
BSS-B/MS
Alloc HO number
Assignment Request
Assignment Cmpl
Send HO report
Prep HO ack
IAM
ACM
ANS
Send HO report ack
Release
Send end sig ack
78
Clear Command
Clear Complete
VLR-B
SDCCH上的短信主叫流程
MS
RACH
Channel Request
AGCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SABM(CM-SERV-REQ)
UA(CM-SERV-REQ)
CIPH MODE CMD
CIPH MODE CMP
SABM(SAPI=3)
UA(SAPI=3)
DISC(SAPI=0)
UA(SAPI=0)
Local release
SAPI=3
79
BTS
BSC
MSC
Channel Request
Channel Active
Channel Active ACK
Imm. Assignment
EST IND(CM-SERV-REQ)
AUTH-REQ
AUTH-RES
ENCR CMD
CR(CM-SERV-REQ)
CC(AUTH-REQ)
CIPH MODE CMD
CIPH MODE CMP
EST IND(SAPI=3)
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
Channel Release
DEACT SACCH
Release Indication
RF Channel Release
To SC
From SC
Clear Command
Clear Complete
SDCCH上的短信被叫流程
MS
PCH
RACH
Page Request
Channel Request
AGCH
SDCCH SABM(Page Response)
UA(Page Resp.)
SDCCH
CIPH MODE CMD
CIPH MODE CMP
SABM(SAPI=3)
UA(SAPI=3)
80
DISC(SAPI=0)
UA(SAPI=0)
Local release
SAPI=3
BTS
Paging Command
Channel Request
Channel Active
Channel Active ACK
Imm. Assignment
EST IND(Page Resp.)
AUTH-REQ
AUTH-RES
ENCR CMD
EST REQ(SAPI=3)
EST CONF(SAPI=3)
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
Channel Release
DEACT SACCH
Release Indication
RF Channel Release
BSC
Paging
MSC
From SC
CR(Page Resp.)
CC(AUTH-REQ)
CIPH MODE CMD
CIPH MODE CMP
CP-DATA
To SC
Clear Command
Clear Complete
TCH上的短信主叫流程
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ACTIVE CALL
CM SERV REQ
FACCH
FACCH
SACCH
CM SERV ACC
SABM(SAPI=3)
UA(SAPI=3)
EST IND(SAPI=3)
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
ACTIVE CALL
81
To SC
From SC
TCH上的短信被叫流程
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ACTIVE CALL
SACCH
SABM(SAPI=3)
UA(SAPI=3)
EST REQ(SAPI=3)
From SC
EST CONF(SAPI=3)
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
ACTIVE CALL
82
CP-DATA
To SC
SDCCH上MSC间短信切换流程
MS
BTS-A
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
BSC-A
MSC-A
MSC-B
BSC-B
BTS-B
MS
To SC
HANDO RQD
HANDO CMD
HANDO CMD
PRE HANDO
HANDO RQT
CHAN ACTIV
HANDO RQT ACK CHAN ACTIV ACK
PRE HANDO ACK
Process Access
HANDO DET
Signalling
Send end signal HANDO COMP
Clear CMD
HANDO ACC
HANDO DET Physical INF
SABM(SAPI=0)
UA(SAPI=0)
HANDO COMP
RF CHAN REL
RF CHAN REL ACK
Clear COMP
From SC
Forward Access CP-DATA
Signalling
Process Access
Signalling
To SC
83
EST REQ(3) SABM(SAPI=3)
EST CONF(3) UA(SAPI=3)
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
SACCH上MSC间切换流程
MS
BTS-A
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
BSC-A
MSC-A
MSC-B
BSC-B
BTS-B
MS
To SC
HANDO RQD
PRE HANDO
HANDO RQT
CHAN ACTIV
HANDO RQT ACK CHAN ACTIV ACK
PRE HANDO ACK
IAM
HANDO CMD
ACM
HANDO CMD
HANDO ACC
Process Access
HANDO DET Physical INF
Signalling HANDO DET
SABM(SAPI=0)
UA(SAPI=0)
HANDO COMP
Send end signal HANDO COMP
Answer
RF CHAN REL Clear CMD
RF CHAN REL ACK
Clear COMP From SC
Forward Access CP-DATA
EST REQ(3) SABM(SAPI=3)
Signalling
EST CONF(3) UA(SAPI=3)
84
Process Access
Signalling
To SC
CP-DATA
CP-ACK
优化中注意的问题
• 1，不能建立呼叫或建立后即释放：
•
在主叫用户呼叫时，未得到被叫方的任何响应，双方的信令
流程正常。在这种情况下，可以检查双方MSC设置的CIC是否
规范，即双方的选线方式是否正确。根据DPC的值的大小来设
置FIFO或LIFO,否则发生“同抢”会大大降低接通率。
• 2，用户通话过程中由于频繁切换失败，造成大量掉话：
•
由于本MSC没有预留足够HO资源，这个问题可以从本局的
局数据中得到确切结果。往往网络不断扩容，造成用户数增长
很快，不能及时扩长HO数量。
• 3，业务区边界存在单向切换：
•
在边界上双方小区的切换成功率为0，或相距较近的另一业
务区小区发生不能切换的事件，则应该检查 该小区的LAC和CI
是否在归属MSC中漏做。
85
优化中注意的问题
• 4，建立呼叫后存在的“单通”现象过多：
•
往往问题出在传输的质量上面，而这一类问题看似简单，
却经常出问题。原来比较好的条件，但由于维护的疏忽和网络
改造，造成“自环”或“连接”松动，并且这部分电路未隔离，
所以应仔细复查。
86
87