肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
1
肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
2
ENERGY
IN
OUT
When energy in balances with energy out, a
person’s body weight is stable.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Bomb Calorimeter
Thermometer measures
temperature changes
Jacket keeps heat
from escaping
Food is burned
Heating element
Water in which temperature increase
from burning food is measured
4
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Components of Energy Expenditure
Physical
activities
Thermic effect
of food
Basal metabolism
5
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
6
Mortality
Risk increases as
BMI declines
Risk increases
as BMI rises
BMI and Mortality
15
20
25
30
35
40
Body mass index
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
8
“Apple” and “Pear” Body Shapes Compared
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Methods Used to Assess Body Fat
Fatfold measures
Air displacement
plethysmography
Hydrodensitometry
Bioelectrical impedance
Dual energy X-ray
absorptiometry
(DEXA)
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Male and Female Body Compositions Compared
50
% Body mass
40
Key:
30
Healthy man
Healthy woman
20
Essential fat
10
0
Fat
Muscle
Bone
Organs
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Fat Cell Development
During growth,
fat cells increase
in number.
When energy intake
exceeds expenditure,
fat cells increase in size.
When fat cells have enlarged
and energy intake continues to
exceed energy expenditure, fat
cells increase in number again.
With fat loss, the size of
the fat cells shrinks, but
not the number.
Fat cells are capable of increasing their size by
20-fold and their number by several thousandfold.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Mice with and without Leptin Compared
Without leptin, this mouse weighs
almost three times as much as a
normal mouse.
With leptin treatment, this mouse lost
a significant amount of weight, but still
weighs almost one and a half times as
much as a normal mouse.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
The Psychology of Weight Cycling
I am fat and unhappy.
I lose a little weight,
but then regain it (and
sometimes more).
I try too hard to reach
an unrealistic goal.
I want to be happy.
If I lose weight, I will
be happy.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
In-text Figure
Page 288
So many promises, so little success.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Surgical Procedures Used in the Treatment of Severe Obesity
Esophagus
Surgical
staples
Small stomach
pouch
Stomach
Esophagus
Surgical
staples
Small stomach
pouch
Stomach
Surgical
band
Duodenum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Jejunum
Large intestine
Large intestine
In vertical banded gastroplasty, the
surgeon constructs a small stomach
pouch and restricts the outlet from
the stomach to the intestine.
In gastric bypass, the surgeon
constructs a small stomach pouch
and creates an outlet directly to
the jejunum.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
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Hunger, Satiation, and Satiety
5
1
Postabsorptive
influences
Physiological influences
Hunger
2
Sensory
influences
Satiety
Satiety
Satiety
4
Postingestive
influences
3
Cognitive influences
Satiation
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
In-text Figure
Page 255
Regardless of hunger, people typically overeat when offered the
abundance and variety of an “all you can eat” buffet.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
20
In-text Figure
Page 273
High-protein, low-carbohydrate meals overemphasize meat, fish, poultry,
eggs, and cheeses, and shun breads, pastas, fruits, and vegetables.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
How Fat Influences Portion Sizes
100 kcal
9 g fat
837 kcal
71 g fat
100 kcal
5 g fat
55 kcal
3 g fat
For the same size portion, peanuts deliver more
than 15 times the kcalories and 20 times the fat
of popcorn.
For the same number of kcalories, a person can
havea few high-fat peanuts or almost 2 cups of
high-fiber popcorn. (This comparison used oilbased popcorn; using air-popped popcorn would
double the amount of popcorn in this example.)
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Energy Density
Selecting grapes with their high water content instead of raisins
increases the volume and cuts the energy intake in half.
Even at the same weight and similar serving sizes, the fiber-rich
broccoli delivers twice the fiber of the potatoes for about onefourth the energy.
By selecting the water-packed tuna (on the right), a person can
enjoy the same amount for fewer kcalories.
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資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
肥胖與體重管理
能量平衡
體重與健康的相關性
肥胖成因與管理
飢餓與飽食機制
熱量與營養密度
體重管理
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Table 9-3 (1)
Page 293
25
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Table 9-3
Page 293
26
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
(cont.)
27
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
28
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Table 8-2
Page 258
29
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
30
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
Food Record
The entries in a food record should include the times and places of meal
and snacks, the types and amounts of foods eaten, and a description
of the individual’s feelings when eating. The diary should also record
physical activities: the kind, the intensity level, the duration, and the
person’s feelings about them.
31
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
In-text Figure
Page 310
Eating Disorders
32
資料來源：Whitney & Rolfes’s Understanding Nutrition, 10e
33
資料來源：食品營養概論，蕭寧馨教授著，時新出版社
Thank you for your attention!
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