Configuring Cisco
Unified Communications
Manager Call Routing
Components
Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-1
Outline
 Endpoint Addressing
 Cisco Unified Communications Manager Call Routing Overview
 Cisco Unified Communications Manager Digit Analysis
 Cisco Unified Communications Manager Path Selection
 Cisco Unified Communications Manager Path Selection
Configuration
 Special Call Routing Features
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-2
Endpoint Addressing
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-3
Endpoint Addressing Characteristics
 Reachability of internal destinations is provided by assigning directory
numbers
 Directory numbers are assigned to endpoints (phones, fax machines,
etc.) and applications (voice mail systems, auto attendant, etc.)
 The number of extensions required generally determines the length of
directory number digits
 DID numbers for inbound PSTN calls are mapped to internal directory
numbers
Cisco Unified
CM
Phone numbers
assigned to endpoints
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
1001
1002
Cisco Unity
1003
1099
7001
CIPT1 v6.0—4-4
Endpoint Dialing
 On-Net Dialing: Calls that
originate and terminate on the
same telephony network (e.g.,
internal IP phone to IP phone
calls within the same cluster)
408-555-4001
PSTN
 Off-Net Dialing: Calls that
originate from a telephony
network and terminate on a
different telephony network
(e.g., IP phone to PSTN calls)
 Abbreviated Dialing: Use of
internal number to reach a
PSTN phone. Unified CM maps
the abbreviated number to full
PSTN number
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
2001
2002
2003
2004
dials 4001
CIPT1 v6.0—4-5
Endpoint Dialing Example
On-net
Abbreviated
Off-net
4001
4002
Site 2
HQ
408-555-4001
dials 4001
dials 9 5552001
2001 2002 2003
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
555-2001
Site 1
PSTN
IP WAN
3001
3002
dials 3001
CIPT1 v6.0—4-6
Uniform On-Net Dial Plan Example
Range
Use
DID Ranges
Non-DID Ranges
0XXX
Excluded: 0 is used as OffNet access code
1XXX
Site A extensions
418 555 1 XXX
N/A
2XXX
Site B extensions
919 555 2XXX
N/A
3XXX
Site C extensions
415 555 30XX
3[1-9]XX
4[0-4]XX
Site D extensions
613 555 4[0-4]XX
N/A
4[5-9]XX
Site E extensions
450 555 4[5-9]XX
N/A
5XXX
Site A extensions
418 555 5XXX
N/A
6XXX
Site F extensions
514 555 6[0-8]XX
69XX
7XXX
Future
8XXX
Future
9XXX
Excluded: 9 is used as OffNet access code
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-7
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Call Routing Overview
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-8
Call Routing Types
Routing Type
Intrasite
Routing Component and Characteristics
 Calls within a single site (on-net)
 Uses assigned directory numbers to route calls internally
 Directory numbers usually have uniform length
Calls between sites:
 On-net: Uses internal directory numbers
Intersite
PSTN
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Off-net: Uses route patterns to send calls to other site
through PSTN gateway; if abbreviated dialing is used,
internal number has to be translated to PSTN number
first
Calls to PSTN (off-net)
 Uses route patterns to send calls to PSTN destinations
CIPT1 v6.0—4-9
Call Routing Types Example
4085551053
HQ
3
PSTN call from
2002 to
14085551053
Site 1
PSTN
IP WAN
3001
2001 2002 2003
1
Intrasite call from
2001 to 2002
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
1
2
3
Route
Destination
2001
HQ – Phone1
2002
HQ – Phone2
2003
HQ – Phone3
3XXX
Site 1
9.!
PSTN
2
3002
Intersite call from
2003 to 3001
CIPT1 v6.0—4-10
Call Routing Table Entries (Call Routing
Targets)
Routing
Component
Directory
Numbers
Translation
Pattern
Route Pattern
Hunt Pilot
Call Park
Numbers
Meet-Me
Numbers
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Description
Numbers assigned to all endpoints and applications; used for
internal routing within a cluster
Used to translate a dialed number and then look up the
translated number in the call routing table again
Used to route calls to off-net destinations (via a gateway) or to
other Unified CM clusters (via a trunk)
Used to route calls to hunt group members based on a
distribution algorithm (longest-idle, circular, etc)
Allows placing a call on hold to a number and retrieving back
the call from other phone by dialing the number
Allows a conference call initiator to set up a conference call
and attendees to join the conference by dialing the conference
number
CIPT1 v6.0—4-11
Sources of Call Routing Requests (Entities
Requiring Call Routing Table Lookup)
Routing
Component
Description
IP Phones
A number dialed by an IP phone is looked up in the routing
table.
Trunks
A call request received through a trunk is looked up in the
routing table.
Gateways
A call request received from a gateway is looked up in the call
routing table.
Translation
Patterns
After a translation pattern was best matched (as a target of a
call routing table lookup), the transformed number is looked up
again in the call routing table. The entity that generates this
lookup is the translation pattern.
A voice mail system can be configured to allow calling other
extensions or PSTN numbers (e.g., the mobile phone of an
Voice Mail Ports
employee). In these cases, the call routing request is received
from the voice mail port of Unified CM.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-12
Route Pattern: Commonly Used
Wildcards
Wildcard
Description
x
Single digit (0–9, *, #)
@
North American Numbering Plan
!
One or more digits (0–9)
[x-y]
Generic range notation
[^x-y]
Exclusion range notation
.
Terminates access code
#
Terminates interdigit timeout
<wildcard>?
Matches zero or more occurrences of any digit that matches the
previous wildcard
<wildcard>+
Matches one or more occurrences of any digit that matches the
previous wildcard
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-13
Route Pattern Examples
Pattern
Result
1234
Matches 1234
1*1x
Matches numbers from 1*10 to 1*19
12xx
Matches numbers from 1200 to 1299
13[25-8]6
Matches 1326, 1356, 1366, 1376, 1386
13[^3-9]6
Matches 1306, 1316, 1326, 13*6, 13#6
13!#
Matches any number that begins with 13, is followed by one or
more digits, and ends with #; 135# and 13579# are example
matches
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-14
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Call Routing Logic
 Unified CM uses closest-match
logic to select the best pattern.
 When multiple matching
patterns are present, the best
pattern is selected based on:
1. It matches the dialed string.
Unified CM Call Routing Logic Example
1XXX
User A dials
“1200”
User B dials
“1212”
Gateways
12XX
Pool of IP Phones
121X
AND
2. It matches the fewest
strings other than the dialed
string.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Phones
User C dials
“1234”
1234
CIPT1 v6.0—4-15
Digit-by-Digit Analysis
1000
Route Patterns
Dialed Digits
<none>
List Potential Matches
1
List Potential Matches
0
List Potential Matches
0
List Potential Matches
1
List Current Match
1XXX
10XX
1001
Call Setup
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-16
Digit Collection Example
User dial string:
1111
Match!
1111
121X
Does not match
1[23]XX
Does not match
131
Does not match
13[0-4]X
Does not match
13!
Does not match
Cisco Unified CM actions:
No other patterns could
match; extend call.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-17
Closest Match Routing Example
User dial string:
1111
Does not match
1211
121X
Match!
1[23]XX
Match!
Matches 10 digit strings
Select as closest match
Matches 100 digit strings
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
131
Does not match
13[0-4]X
Does not match
13!
Does not match
CIPT1 v6.0—4-18
Interdigit Timeout Example
User dial string:
1111
Does not match
1311<timeout>
121X
Does not match
1[23]XX
Matches 100 digit strings
Matches 10 digit strings
Select as closest match
Matches
131
Match!
Does not match
13[0-4]X
Match!
13!
Match!
digit strings
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-19
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Digit Analysis
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-20
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Addressing Method
Device
IP Phone
Signaling Protocol
SCCP
SIP
Gateway
MGCP/SIP/H.323
Trunk
SIP, H.323
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Addressing Method
Digit-by-digit
En-bloc
KPML
SIP dial rules
En-bloc
Overlap sending and receiving
(ISDN PRI only)
En-bloc
Overlap sending and receiving
CIPT1 v6.0—4-21
User Input on SCCP Phones
 SCCP Phones report every input event (off-hook, on-hook, each
digit dialed, etc.) to Unified CM immediately.
 Unified CM analyzes phone input digit-by-digit against configured
dial plan and responds with feedback (dial tones, ring back,
reorder tone, etc.).
 No dial plan information at the IP phone.
SCCP message sent
with each user action
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
Off-hook, digit 1, digit 0, digit0, digit 0
Any phone model
running SCCP.
Dial tone on/off, screen update. etc.
Dialing actions:
1000
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Signaling
CIPT1 v6.0—4-22
User Input on SIP Phones
 Type A SIP phones
– Cisco Unified IP phones 7905, 7912, 7940, and 7960
– Do not support KPML
 Type B SIP phones
– Cisco Unified IP phones 7911, 7941, 7961, 7970, and 7971
– Support KPML
 SIP dial rules can be configured on both phone types
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-23
User Input on Type A SIP Phones – No
SIP Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
 Phone accumulates all user input events until # or Dial softkey is
pressed (similar to with cell phones)
 Phone will send SIP INVITE message with complete dialed digits
(en-bloc)
 Unified CM analyzes the full dialed digits against configured dial
plan
SIP INVITE message
sent when user presses
the Dial key
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
“call for 1000”
Existing SIP phone
such as 7940, 7960
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions:
1 0 0 0 Dial
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Signaling
CIPT1 v6.0—4-24
User Input on Type A SIP Phones – SIP
Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
 SIP dial rules enable phone to recognize patterns dialed by users
 If pattern matches, SIP INVITE will be sent immediately without
requiring user to press # or Dial softkey
 The phone below is configured to immediately recognize all
four-digit patterns beginning with 1 (timeout value of 0 for 1…)
SIP INVITE message
sent when pattern
is recognized
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
“call for 1000”
Existing SIP phone
such as 7940, 7960
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions:
1 0 0 0 Dial
Signaling
Pattern 1…
Timeout 0
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-25
User Input on Type B SIP Phones – No
SIP Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
 Based on KPML to report user key presses, every user key press
triggers a SIP NOTIFY message to Unified CM
 Very similar behavior to phones running SCCP
 No Dial softkey to indicate the end of user input
KPML events reported
in SIP NOTIFY messages
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
Off-hook, digit 1, digit 0, digit 0 , digit 0,
SIP enhanced phone
such as 7971
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions:
1 0 0 0 Dial
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Signaling
CIPT1 v6.0—4-26
User Input on Type B SIP Phones – SIP
Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
 Combination of KPML and SIP dial rules will be used
 Dial rules are processed first
– Once dial rule is matched, appropriate digits are sent en-bloc
– If additional digits are required, KPML is used
– Additional digits are sent one-by-one using KPML
SIP INVITE message
sent when pattern
is recognized
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
“call for 1000”
SIP enhanced phone
such as 7971
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions:
1 0 0 0 Dial
Signaling
Pattern 1…
Timeout 0
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-27
Dial Rules and KPML Interworking
Is KPML
Supported?
Yes
No
Are SIP
Dial Rules
Defined?
No
Are SIP
Dial Rules
Defined?
Send En-bloc
INVITE
No
Were Enough
Digits
Received?
Yes
Yes
Call Is
Routed
No
Send En-Bloc
INVITE
SUBSCRIBE
To KPML
User Must
Press “Dial”
Softkey
Were Enough
Digits
Received?
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Yes
No
Reorder
Tone
Yes
CIPT1 v6.0—4-28
Gateway Overlap Sending and Receiving
Overlap Sending
 Unified CM collects digits and immediately passes them on to the
PSTN one-by-one as they are dialed.
 Very useful for simplifying variable-length PSTN dial patterns
(just need a single route pattern for all PSTN calls).
 Configured through route pattern configuration.
Overlap Receiving
 Unified CM receives the dialed digits one-by-one from a PRI
PSTN gateway.
 Configured globally through Unified CM service parameter.
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CIPT1 v6.0—4-29
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Path Selection
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CIPT1 v6.0—4-30
Path Selection
 Path selection is an essential dial plan element.
 After call routing decision is done, where should the call be
sent to?
 Chooses the best path:
– Which device to use (gateways, trunks, etc.)?
– Backup path available if first choice not available?
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-31
Path Selection Example
Gatekeeper
1
GK
San Jose
IP WAN
1001
User dials 9-1-408- Routers/Gateways
526-4000
2
PSTN
408-526-4000
 For off-net calls, a route pattern must be configured on Unified CM
 In above example, to reach 408-526-4000, use:
1. IP WAN through an ICT as priority path.
2. If WAN not available, try the second path through PSTN.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-32
Path Selection Configuration Elements in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Route pattern:
 Matches dialed number for external calls
 Performs digit manipulation (optional)
 Points to a route list for routing
Route list:
 First level of path selection
 Performs digit manipulation
 Points to prioritized route group(s)
First
Choice
Route group:
Route
Group
 Second level of path selection
 Points to the actual device(s)
Route
List
Second
Choice
Route
Group
Second
Choice
First Choice
GK
Devices:
 Gateways (H.323, MGCP)
 Trunks (SIP, H.323)
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP WAN
PSTN
Configuration Order
Route
Pattern
CIPT1 v6.0—4-33
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Path Selection Configuration
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CIPT1 v6.0—4-34
Path Selection Configuration Process
1. Add devices (gateways and trunks).
2. Build route groups from available devices.
3. Build route lists from available route groups.
4. Build route patterns pointing to route lists.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-35
Route Group Configuration
User dials
914085264000
A route group is a list of devices that share
the same requirements for digit manipulation
(e.g., multiple PSTN gateways).
Route Pattern
GW 1
9.14085264XXX
Route List
Route Group
Circular (round-robin) or
Gateway pulls
top down (priorityconfiguration file and
based) distribution
applies MGCP
algorithm can be
configuration
configured
PSTN
GW 2
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-36
Route Group Configuration
Select distribution algorithm
Add gateways and trunks
to route group
Order route group members
(relevant if distribution algorithm
top down is selected)
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-37
Route List Configuration
A route list is a prioritized list of route groups.
User dials
914085264000
Trunk
Route Pattern
9.14085264XXX
Route Group
IP WAN
IP
First
Choice
GW1
Route List
Second
Choice
PSTN
Route Group
PSTN
GW2
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-38
Route List Configuration
Add route groups to route list
Order route list members (first entry
has highest priority)
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-39
Digit Manipulation Requirements with
Path Selection
7-Digit Intersite Dialing
Secondary Voice Path:
PSTN
Prepend “1408” and send to
PSTN
User dials 526-4000
Route
Pattern:
5264XXX
PSTN
Philadelphia
San Jose
(408) 526-4xxx
5-Digit Internal Dialing
GK
IP WAN
(215) 555-1xxx
5-Digit Internal Dialing
Primary Voice Path: Intercluster Trunk
Strip “52” and deliver
64000 to remote Cisco Unified CM
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-40
Special Call Routing Features
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CIPT1 v6.0—4-41
The @ Wildcard
 Macro function that expands into a series of route patterns
 Represents the entire national numbering plan for a certain
country
 Example, configuring a 9.@ route pattern adds 166 individual
NANP route patterns to Unified CM database
 It is possible to modify and use @ for other country numbering
plan
 Can be used with route filters to block certain components of the
number
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-42
Route Filters
 Used only with @ route pattern to block certain patterns (e.g., block
all 1-900 calls, etc.) defined by clauses
 Not recommended for large deployments; use explicit route patterns
rather than @ wildcard
 Match clauses are based on tag operators and values
 Example, Match all NANP dialed numbers that include area code 408
(e.g., 9.14085551234)
– Route pattern: 9.@
– Route filter: IF AREA-CODE = 408
 Example: Match all NANP dialed numbers that include the selection
of a long-distance carrier (e.g., 9.101044414085551234)
– Route pattern: 9.@
– Route filter: IF TRANSIT-NETWORK EXISTS
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-43
The ! Wildcard
 Stands for one or more digits
 Used for variable-length route patterns (e.g., some international calls)
 Subject to T302 timer (post-dial delay)
– 15 seconds by default
– T302 timer can be configured (typically reduced):
 Service Parameter > Call Manager > Clusterwide
parameters (Device – General)
 Users can indicate end of dialing by pressing #
– Requires an identical route pattern with # wildcard at the end
– Different behavior compared to Cisco IOS dial peers
– In Unified CM, # is seen as part of dialed string (therefore, if used,
it does not match route pattern without #)
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-44
Urgent Priority
 Configured under Route Pattern configuration
 Used to force immediate routing as soon as match is detected –
even if other, longer route patterns are potential matches
 Used with emergency number route patterns
 Effectively excludes the urgent pattern from a longer route pattern
range
 Translation patterns always have urgent priority
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-45
Blocked Patterns
 A route pattern can be configured for either “Allow” or “Block”.
 Block patterns will prevent calls to the pattern cluster-wide.
 The same can be configured on translation patterns.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-46
Call Classification
 Classify a call as on-net or off-net
 Configured on route patterns for outgoing calls and devices
(trunks and gateways) for incoming calls
 “Allow device override” setting uses the classification of the used
device on outgoing calls (rather than route pattern classification)
 Used by several features:
– Blocking off-net to off-net transfers (toll-fraud prevention)
– Drop conference when no on-net party remains
– Call forward external versus call forward internal
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-47
Summary
 A uniform on-net dial plan provides unique endpoint addressing
by fixed-length directory numbers.
 Call routing is when Unified CM processes incoming call requests
by looking up the dialed number in its call routing table.
 Unified CM can receive dialed digits one-by-one or en bloc.
 Unified CM allows multiple, prioritized paths to be selected for a
given route pattern.
 Route lists, route groups, and devices are configured to
implement path selection.
 Unified CM configuration includes special call routing features
such as numbering plans and route filters, a wildcard for variable
length numbers, blocked patterns, patterns with urgent priority,
and classification of calls.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-48
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIPT1 v6.0—4-49