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“mmWave Regulatory Considerations
– a local vendor’s perspective”
MIMOtech
Future Wireless Technologies
May 2014 – Geoff Carey
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Overview
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
Wireless Backhaul
Challenges

The Advancement of WiGig

Devices

Throughput

Impact

Bandwidth

Co-existence?

Frequency

TDD versus FDD

Global Backhaul Trends

Below 40 GHz

mmWave
Regulatory Considerations
for mmWave

Suggested Focus Areas

Methodologies
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
Wireless Backhaul Challenges

Operators want more Mbps
(preferably Gbps) per link:




Sub-40 GHz mainly 28 MHz
mmWave offers >50 MHz
possibility
High Order QAM
 Lower System Gain (Tx & Rx)
 Shorter range
2500
Gross Throughput SISO (Mbps)
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2000
1500
QPSK
16QAM
64QAM
256QAM
1000
1024QAM
Main Motivator for mmWave:

Opportunity to get to 10Gbps
using N x 50 MHz & N x 250 MHz
channels with XPIC / MIMO
2048QAM
500
0
28
50
56
125
250
Channel Bandwidth (MHz)
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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Wireless Backhaul Challenges (2)
Image courtesy of Aviat
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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TDD versus FDD – Vendor / User
TDD Allocations & Equipment


Advantages:
 Suited to Asymmetric data
payloads (Ethernet IP)
 Cost-effectiveness of
equipment (architecture)
 Ease of freq planning
 “Unlicensed” or “Light
licensed”
Disadvantages:
 Lower throughput than FDD
FDD Allocations & Equipment

Advantages:
 Low latency applications
 Throughput higher than FDD
(BUT same spectral
efficiency).
 Symmetric data and timing
applications (cellular
backhaul, framed data)

Disadvantages:
 Strict freq planning required
 “Carrier grade” pricing.
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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Global Backhaul Trends

Global Shipments of 7- 42 GHz
less in 2013 compared to 2012.

Demand for higher
throughputs
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Frequency Congestion

mmWave growing
exponentially

Unlicensed (Note 1)

17 GHz total for 2013 only

24 GHz negative growth
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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Advancement of WiGig

Likely to be de facto
Wireless LAN (WiFi)
replacement


Estimated 1.5 Billion RF chip
devices @ 60 GHz (by 2018)
= lower cost of devices &
products
Becomes Ubiquitous:
 Laptops will have it
(already in test)
 Regulatory aspects MUST
be defined

Integrated nature of chip
device + antenna not likely
to allow much crossover
between indoor and
outdoor applications

Bandwidth, natural decay
and basic regulation should
allow indoor and outdoor
co-existence in the same
band (similar to 5.8 GHz)
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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Regulatory Considerations
Spectrum Efficiency & Fees

Early mmWave products caused
spectrum “pollution”. Need to
Regulate in ways that encourage
better use of Spectrum:
 Specify minimum Spectral
Efficiency = bits/Hz
 Annual Spectrum Fees:
 Should be inversely
proportional to spectral
efficiency. New Factor required.
 Fee should be between 1/10
and 1/5 of current fees. Create
a new FREQ factor for >30 GHz
= 0.005 or 0.01
Flexible Channel Allocations

Operators require necessary
flexibility to trade-off Link
Capacity versus distance.

Option for Channels to be
grouped in multiples:

N x 50 MHz @ 60 GHz

N x 125 MHz @ 70/80 GHz

Channel grouping allowed for
Operators/ISPs to manage
their own allocation/usage
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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Regulatory Considerations (2)
TDD versus FDD

Users have mixed
applications:


Allow both TDD and FDD
configurations in both VBand and E-Band
Allow Centre Gaps / Duplex
spacing to also be TDD
because of natural
attenuation.
Regulatory Regime

60 GHz = Unlicensed
Main motivation is the growth
of ubiquitous devices (WiGig).

70/80 GHz = Light licensed
High attenuation & directivity
will limit interference but
there needs to be control &
min spectral efficiency
criteria.
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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MIMOtech Wireless Backhaul

StarBurst Ultra High
Capacity


2x2 / 4x4 MIMO
StarLink High Capacity
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
Microwave
 U6 to 23 GHz Licensed
 17 / 24 GHz Unlicensed
mmWave
 60 GHz
 70 / 80 GHz
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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The Backhaul Space
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
2015/04/13
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Backhaul Application Matrix
Throughput
2 Gbps
1 Gbps
Janus 23/24G
StarLink
60/70/80G
StarLink Microwave
0.5km
1km
5km
10km
© 2014 MIMOtech (Pty) Ltd. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Distance
(log scale)
2015/04/13