Exotics & Avian Quiz
Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims
Approved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen Bain
Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund
Exotics and Avian Quiz
START!
Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims
Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund
Small Furries
Fish & Amphibians
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•
•
•
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• Fish Q9
• Amphibians Q10
Guinea Pig Q1
Rat Q2
Hamster Q3
Ferret Q4
Rabbit Q5
Exotics
• Chelonia Q6
(Tortoises/Turtles)
• Lizards Q7
• Snakes Q8
Birds
• Avian Q11
• Avian Q12
• Avian Q13
Guinea Pig Q1
• (i) Do you know how
many digits the Guinea
Pig has on its forelimb
compared with its
hindlimb?
– Answer.
• (ii) Which is the biggest
bone in the skull in a
Guinea Pig?
– Answer.
• (iii) Does the Guinea Pig
have Clavicles? Which of
the domestic species is
this similar to?
– Answer.
• (iv) How many teeth does
a Guinea Pig have?
– Answer.
Answer
• The Guinea Pig has 4 digits on its
forelimb.
– The 1st digit is missing.
• There are only 3 digits on the hindlimb.
– The 1st and 5th digits are missing.
• Guinea Pigs are defined as Plantigrade.
– They place their whole foot on the ground and
have well defined foot pads.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• The Mandible is the biggest bone in the
skull of a Guinea Pig.
• Other notable points about the skull:
– Large Tympanic Bullae
– Prominent Zygomatic Arch
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• Yes! The Guinea Pig
does have Clavicles
• This makes it similar to
the cat which may have
remnants of Clavicles.
• Try (iv)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• The Guinea Pig has 20 teeth.
• The dental formula of a Guinea Pig is:
1-0-1-3
1-0-1-3
• Try Rat Q2!
• Choose a new Question.
The Rat Q2
• (i) Is the Rat in the xrays a male or
female?
– Answer.
• (ii) Do you know how
many teeth a Rat
has?
– Anwser.
• (iii) How many ribs
does a Rat have?
– Answer.
Answer
Testes
• The Rat in this x-ray is male.
• In the Rat the Inguinal Canal is permanently
open so the Testes may have a Scrotal or
Inguinal position.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• A Rat has 16 teeth.
• The dental formula:
1-0-0-3
1-0-0-3
• The Rat only has one set of teeth in a lifetime –
Monophydont.
• The main muscle of mastication in the Rat is the
Masseter.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• The Rat has 13 pairs of
ribs.
• This is the same as the
Dog!
• Try Hamster Q3!
• Choose a new question.
Hamster Q3
• (i) Do you know how
many digits there are in
the forelimb compared
with the hindlimb?
– Answer.
• (ii) How many teeth does
a Hamster have?
– Answer.
Answer
• Hamsters have 4 digits on their forelimbs
and 5 digits on their hindlimbs.
• Did you know the footpads are covered in
fur in the Russian Hamster!
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• A Hamster has 16 teeth.
• Dental formula:
1-0-0-3
1-0-0-3
• This is like in the Rat.
• Hamsters have open-rooted incisors (continually
erupt) and closed-rooted molars (erupt and
stop).
• Try Ferret Q4!
• Choose a new question.
Ferret Q4
• (i) How many ribs
does a ferret have?
– Answer.
• (ii) How many sets of
teeth does a ferret
have in a lifetime?
– Answer.
• (iii) How many teeth
does a ferret have at
16 weeks old?
– Answer.
• (iv) Is the ferret in this
x-ray male or female?
– Answer.
Answer
• A Ferret has 15 ribs!
• This is more than a Dog, which has 13
ribs.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• A Ferret has two sets of teeth in a lifetime –
Diphydont.
• The deciduous formula:
3/4-1-3-0
3-1-3-0
• The permanent formula:
3-1-3-1
3-1-3-2
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• A ferret has 34 teeth at 16 weeks old.
• The permanent dentition comes in at
around 7-10 weeks old.
3-1-3-1
3-1-3-2
• Try (iv)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
Os Penis
• The ferret in this x-ray is Male.
• The Os Penis is visible clearly in the x-ray. Note
the curved tip – this makes placing a catheter
quite tricky!
• Try Rabbit Q5
• Choose a new question.
Rabbit Q5
• (i) How many teeth
does a Rabbit have?
– Answer.
• (ii) How many digits
do Rabbits have on
their forelimbs
compared to
hindlimbs?
– Answer.
• (iii) If a Rabbit is held
incorrectly, where on
the spine, is the
fracture likely to be?
– Answer.
Answer
• A Rabbit has 28 teeth.
• Dental Formula:
2-0-3-3
1-0-2-3
• Rabbits teeth grow continuously at a rate of
2mm/week!
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• Rabbits have 5 digits on their forelimbs and 4
digits on their hindlimbs.
• They are plantigrade (walk with whole foot on
ground) or digitigrade (walk on toes, rest of foot
raised).
• There are no footpads on the palmar aspect of
the foot, just coarse hair.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• The fracture is likely to be in the Lumbar spine.
Specifically L6-7.
• The Skeletal system of the Rabbit is weak
compared to the stronger muscular system.
• If held incorrectly, rabbits kick out with their
muscular hindlimbs, fracturing their spine.
• Try Chelonia Q6!
• Choose a new question.
Chelonia Q6
• (i) Why are the bony
structures of the
skeletal system not
visible in these x-rays?
– Answer.
• (ii) What is marked on
the top x-ray?
– Answer.
• (iii) What are the
‘girdles’ found in the
skeletal system of
tortoises?
– Answer.
Answer
• The bony structures of the skeleton are not
visible due to the shell.
• The shell is made up of the Carapace &
Plastron.
• The Carapace & Plastron are made up of
Scutes.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• The area marked on the
x-ray shows one of the
lungs.
• The lungs occupy the
dorsal half of the body
cavity.
• There is no diaphragm
in these species.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• Limb Girdles
– These are found inside the ribs.
– They strengthen the shell.
• Pectoral Girdle
– Made up of the Epiplastron, Entoplastron and
Scapula.
– There is some fusion to the Carapace.
• Pelvic Girdle
– Made up of the Ileum, Ischium and Pubic Pelvic
Bones.
– There is some fusion to the Carapace.
• Try Lizards Q7!
• Choose a new question.
Lizards Q7
Bearded
Dragon
• (i) From the x-ray of
the Bearded Dragon,
what can you tell
about the ribs?
– Answer.
Iguana
• (ii) How many teeth
does an Iguana have
– can you tell from an
x-ray?
– Answer.
Answer
• Lizards have flexible spines.
• They have ribs on all vertebrae except the
cervical vertebrae.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• An Iguana has 80-120 teeth!
• You wouldn’t be able to see these on an xray as they are small, conical structures.
• They are replaced repeatedly – up to 5
times a year!
• Try Snakes Q8!
• Choose a new question.
Snakes Q8
Great Plains Garter Snake
• (i) What do you know
about snake’s jaws?
– Answer.
Indian Python
• (ii) Can you see what
is going on in the xray of the Indian
Python?
– Hint: It is showing part
of the Reproductive
system.
– Answer.
Answer
• Snakes have a Kinetic Skull.
• They have no middle ear cavity, no
mandibular symphysis and independent
movement of the upper and lower jaws.
• This is what allows them to eat
extraordinarily large prey!
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• This is a male Indian Python.
• There is a catheter in one of the paired
hemipenes.
• Try Fish Q9!
• Choose a new question.
Fish Q9
A
• What is A?
– Stomach
– Intestine
– Swim Bladder
 Correct 
• Yes! A is the Swim Bladder!
• It appears black as it is full of gas for
gaseous exchange.
• It is not present in all fish.
• Try Amphibians Q10!
• Choose a new question.
 Incorrect 
• No, A is not the Intestine.
• The Intestine is not usually visible on an xray as it is a soft tissue structure.
• Try again!
• Choose a new question.
 Incorrect 
• No, A is not the Stomach.
• The Stomach is not normally visible on xrays as it is a soft tissue structure.
• Try again!
• Choose a new question.
Amphibian Q10
• Do amphibians
have ribs?
A
B
– Answer.
• What is the name
of bone A?
– Answer.
• What is Structure
B?
– Answer.
Answer
• No, Amphibians don’t have ribs.
• Adult amphibians have simple paired
lungs. The larvae have gills.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• Bone A is the Tibiofibula.
• The tibia and fibula are fused. As are the
radius and ulna in the forelimb.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• Structure B is the Pelvic Girdle.
• The Pelvic Girdle provides a single focal
point for force distribution during jumping.
• Try Avian Q11!
• Choose a new question.
Avian Q11
• (i) What is A?
– Answer.
• (ii) What is B?
C
A
B
– Answer.
• (iii) What is C?
– Answer.
Answer
• A is the Fused
Mandible.
• The teeth in birds are
replaced by the bill.
Fused
Mandible
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• B is the Hyoid
Apparatus.
Hyoid
Apparatus
• The development of the
hyoid apparatus
depends on the activity
of the tongue.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• C is the Nasal Aperture.
Nasal
Aperture
• The Nasal Aperture is
found in the Maxillary
Rhamphotheca.
• Try Avian Q12!
• Choose a new question.
Avian Q12
• (i) What is A?
– Answer.
A
• (ii) What is B?
B
– Answer.
C
• (iii) What is C?
– Answer.
Answer
• A is the Clavicle.
Clavicle
• The clavicles unite
medially as the Furcula.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• B is the Coracoid.
Coracoid
• The Coracoids join the
sternum to the scapula.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• C is the Humerus.
Humerus
• The head of the
Humerus articulates
with the Glenoid cavity
of the Scapula.
• Try Avian Q13!
• Choose a new question.
Avian Q13
• What is A?
A
– Answer.
• What feathers attach
to part A?
– Answer.
• What feathers attach
to part B?
B
– Answer.
Answer
Carpometacarpus
• A is the Carpometacarpus.
• The distal carpal and
metacarpal bones are
fused.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
Carpometacarpus
• The Primary Flight
Feathers
• Attached to the Carpometacarpus and the
Major and Minor digits.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
Answer
• The Secondary Flight
Feathers.
• Attached to the Ulna.
Ulna
• Back to the Start!
• Choose a new Question.