ESD Standard for Vehicle
ISO 10605
Southeastern Michigan IEEE EMC
2011/Nov./10
Noise Laboratory Co.,LTD
Takeshi Ishida
1
My position at IEC & ISO Committees
IEC TC77
ISO TC22 WG4
SC77A
Low frequency
SC77B
High frequency
The Japanese national
committee
WG10
RF
MT12
ESD・Surge
SC77C
High power
2
ESD Standards
Object
Standard
Evaluation
Cause
Electronic
equipment
IEC 61000-4-2
malfunction
human body
Vehicle
Components
ISO 10605
malfunction
Break
human body
Vehicle
Components
SAE J1113-13
malfunction
Break
human body
* Electronic
components
IEC 61340-3-1
IEC 61340-3-2
Break
human body
machine
* Semi
-conductor
IEC 60749-26
IEC 60749-27
Break
human body
machine
*Similar to MIL,JEDEC,ANS,ESDA,etc
3
Timeline of ISO10605
1994 ISO TR 10605
Have some
flaws
2001 ISO 10605 Ed1.0
2008 ISO 10605 Ed2.0
2012? ISO 10605 Ed2.0 Amendment1
4
Electrostatic discharge path – Outside
•
•
The discharge may occur by voltage difference between human and
vehicle.
The discharge path is
1) Wheel resistance.
2) Capacitance between vehicle and ground.
5
Electrostatic discharge path – Inside
•
The discharge path is capacitance between human and back of the
seat.
6
ESD effects to electronics equipment
ESD
Disturbance of RF
Surface current
Voltage potential
enclosure
筐体
Noise from
signal
EM coupling
by secondary
radiation
PCB
Signal
信号ポート
port
Noise from
power line
Digital
circuit
Power
port
電源ポート
寄生容量
Stray
capacitance
7
Discharge resistor and energy capacitor
Capacitor
Resistor
New
Value
Purpose
IEC
ISO10605
150pF
Capacitance between human
body and ground.
○
○
outside contact
330pF
Capacitance between human
body and seat.
330Ω
Contact by human with metal
object
2000Ω
Contact by human skin
S1
H.V.PS
高圧電源
Rd
330Ω
Rc
○
inside contact
○
○
○
S2
C
150pF
8
Tolerance is not all same
Discharge current waveform specification
Typical C/ R
values
Peak Current
[A/kV]
Tolerance
[%]
Current at t1
[A/kV]
Tolerance
[%]
Current at t2
[A/kV]
Tolerance
[%]
150 pF /
330Ω
3.75
± 10
2
(at t1 = 30 ns)
± 30
1
(at t2 = 60 ns)
± 30
330 pF /
330Ω
3.75
± 10
2
(at t1 = 65 ns)
± 30
1
(at t2= 130 ns)
± 30
150pF /
2000Ω
3.75
-0/+30
0.275
(at t1= 180 ns)
± 30
0.15
(at t2= 360 ns)
± 50
330pF /
2000Ω
3.75
-0/+30
0.275
(at t1= 400 ns)
± 30
0.15
(at t2= 800 ns)
± 50
NOTES:
1. The peak current level shall be taken from the measurement system without any data interpolation.
2. The target used with this measurement system shall fulfil the requirements of clauses A.1 and A.2. An example is defined in
Annex B.
3. The measurement times (30, 60, 65, 130, 180, 360, 400, and 800 ns) are derived from RC-time constant –40% (Current t1)
and
+20% (Current t2), to define two values on the falling slope of the current pulse according IEC 61000-4-2: 2001 Ed. 1.2
9
Ideal contact discharge waveform at 5kV
150pF/330pF，330Ω
First peak is same
20
Actual waveform
Current [A]
15
330pF / 330
150pF / 330
10
5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Time [ns]
10
Ideal contact discharge waveform at 5kV
150pF/330pF，2000Ω
20
Actual waveform
Current [A]
15
330pF / 2000
150pF / 2000
10
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time [ns]
600
700
800
900
11
Mathematical formula(150pF/330Ω)
I(t) =
Wher e
i1
k1
t
τ1
･
1+
k1 =
k2 =
1 = 1.1 ns
n
t
τ1
exp -
exp -
n
t
-t
exp
･
n
τ2
+
i2
k2
τ3
･
1+
t
τ3
-t
exp
･
n
τ4
τ1 nτ2 1/n
τ2
τ1
τ3 nτ4 1/n
τ4
2 = 2 ns
I 1 = 16.6 A （ at 4 kV ）
n = 1.8
τ3
 3 = 12 ns
 4 = 37 ns
I 2 = 9.3 A （at 4 kV）
12
Calibration setup of discharge current
waveform
≧1200
≧
1 20
0
6
3
2
4
Requirement detail
is not mentioned
500
1
7
5
8
【 Ed.1】
【 Ed.2】
13
Detail of discharge current waveform calibration
Faraday
cage
ファラデーケージ
Stray capacitance
between gun and
faraday cage
Faraday
cage
Target
ターゲット
S1
Rd
330Ω
Rc
Oscilloscope
オシロスコープ
静電気発生器
ESD
generator
S2
ATTENUATOR
高圧電源
H.V
PS
C
150pF
2Ω
Bandwidth of
oscilloscope: >1 GHz
グラウンド
Ground
リターンケーブル
return cable
14
Target calibration（ Annex A）
• No frequency specification on Ed.1 target
• Target frequency response:～1GHz：<±0.5dB
• Target mechanical structure is described
in Annex B
Ed2
Ed2
Ed1
48Ω
IN
ATTENUATOR
2Ω
2Ω
MEASUREMENT
EQUIPMENT
50Ω CONICAL ADAPTER LINE
ATTENUATOR B
Ed1
OUT
ESD CURRENT TERGET
ATTENUATOR A
15
Comparison of current waveform
Ed.1 Target
Ed.2 Target
16
Frequency response on Ed.2 target
•
•
•
ESD generator
100kHz-4GHz
liner scale
0.5dB/div
S21 Specification
～1GHz：
<±0.5dB
Frequency
17
Principle of specific current waveform
Simulation waveform
Simplified equivalent circuit
18
Principle of specific current waveform
Simulation waveform
Actual waveform
Normal gun
No capacitor in gun
19
Actual human body discharge current waveform
When the target is touched by human with electrode.
（air discharge tip）
1A/div 10ns/div
1A/div 500ps/div
20
Requirement of Ed.1 current waveform
•
Rise time
SAE requirement is < 20 ns
– Contact ：0.7-1.0ns
– Air < 5ns：at 15kV(repeatability: 6/10）
Impossible
RC interval time
to measure
Rough
specification
Vertical peak(I)
•
Ip1
No second
peak
0.9 Ip1
Ip2
Not
actual
shape
0.37 Ip2
0.1 Ip1
t
0
tr
RC
21
Air discharge calibration is removed from Ed.2
•
Annex E（informative）
Rationale for air discharge generator verification
– Due to the complexity of air discharge, no satisfactory verification
method has been developed. Therefore it was decided not to require
an air discharge verification.
• General …
– Amenable to humidity
– Discharge phenomenon is changed by surface condition of electrode
and/or DUT.
– Rise time may faster, if discharge voltage is low.
– Positive and negative rise time is differed
22
Test setup（Bench test）
•
Table（non-conductive）height：0.7-1.0m
•
HCP： minimum 1.6 x 0.8 m, Plus 0.1m greater than DUT/cables.
– Material:：cupper, brass, aluminum thickness: >0.25 mm
HCP means
vehicle body
Needed for
outside
testing.
23
Test setup（Bench test）
•
Resistor cable
– 470kΩ resistor on each end
– To eliminate HCP charge voltage
– To avoid a resonance of cables
24
Test setup（Bench test）
IEC :0.5mm
•
Insulation block height: 50±5mm
•
Insulation support thickness: 2-3mm (e.g. polyethylene).
No insulation
support for direct
mount DUT
25
Test setup（Bench test） Ed.1
50mm width ground
strap？
バッテリー
ESD
gun
静電気発生器
exerciser
エクササイザー
グラ
ー
プレ
ド
ウン
ン
•Capacitor: 330pF
•Interval: >5s
•Each polarity 3 times
•Air discharge
approach speed:
<5mm/s
グラウンド線
Ground
cable
DUT
静電気発生器
電源
Ground connection
point is unclear
絶縁ブロック
Insulation block
25mm
26
Effect of insulation block
•
Arrangement of DUT
Edition
DUT
Wire harness
Direct mount
Floating
Ed.1
None
25mm
None
Ed.2
none
2-3mm
50mm
27
Experiment of insulation block
Stray
capacitance
10pF
Stray
capacitance
259pF
Current
probe
insulation
150×250mm
Metal plate
25mm
2mm
28
Experiment of insulation block
【no insulation block (direct mount)】
Test voltage:2kV
6.6A
2 A/div
29
Experiment of insulation block
Test voltage:2kV
6.5A
5.5A
4.5A
2.1A
Ed.1
Ed.2
25mm
2mm
2 A/div
30
Experiment of insulation block
【No elimination of charge】
Test voltage:2kV
1st
2nd
3rd
Ed.1
Ed.2
25mm
2mm
2 A/div
31
Experiment of insulation block
【positive shot after negative 10 times with no elimination
of charge 】
Test voltage:2kV
10.3A
7.9A
Ed.1
Ed.2
25mm
2mm
2 A/div
32
Discharge test mode
Mode
Air discharges
Air
Direct
Contact to DUT metric
part
Tip：Conical
Approach to DUT non
conductive part
0.1 m/s～ 0.5 m/s
Tip：Round※
Indirect
Contact to HCP
Tip：Conical
Φ8±1
Contact discharges
Φ12±1
Φ12±1
Coupling
mode
Contact
25°to 40°
Sharp point
50±1
Φ8±1
※In case of >15kV may need large round tip（to avoid charge leak）
33
Comparison of electrode shape
Φ30mm
φ22mm
Standard air tip
34
Comparison of electrode shape
110%
100%
90%
30kV φ30mm tip
標準
φ22
φ30
80%
70%
Requirement
for vehicle
60%
50%
30kV Standard tip
15kV
20kV
25kV
30kV
35
Bench test （Direct）
Vehicle body
potential
2
2
10
6
8
1
9
5
11
11
11
15
12
12
12
9
7
13
4
Ground
potential
3
13
14
1 DUT 2 ESD generator
6
3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point
7 Ground connection 8 remotely accessible parts of the DUT
12 Insulation block 13 470kΩresistors
9 Periphery 10 Battery
11 Insulation support
14 GRP （optional） 15 HCP ground connection
36
Bench test （Direct）
37
Bench test （Direct） Ed.2
• Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP.
• DUT shall be connected to all peripheral units
• The supply battery shall be on the test table, with the negative
terminal of the battery directly connected to the HCP.
• The ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF
capacitor depending on the DUT location in the vehicle.
• Apply the ESD at each specified test voltage and polarity (see
Annex C).
• The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased,
using at least two values,
• At least 3 discharges shall be applied by not less than 1 s interval.
• Charge build-up can be eliminated by briefly connecting a bleeder
wire with high resistance ( 1 MΩ)
– Wait by natural charge decay.
– Air-ionizers may be used to speed up
38
Category of test level： Annex C
Component test - Direct – Contact
Category １
Category 2
Category 3
L4i
±8kV
±8kV
±15kV
L3i
±6kV
±8kV
L2i
±4kV
L1i
±2kV
Component test - Direct - Air
Category １
Category 2
Category 3
L4i
±15kV
±15kV
±25kV
±8kV
L3i
±8kV
±8kV
±15kV
±4kV
±6kV
L2i
±4kV
±6kV
±8kV
±2kV
±4kV
L1i
±2kV
±4kV
±6kV
Component test - Indirect - Contact
Category １
Category 2
Category 3
L4i
±8kV
±15kV
±20kV
L3i
±6kV
±8kV
±15kV
L2i
±4kV
±4kV
±8kV
L1i
±2kV
±2kV
±4kV
39
Bench test （Indirect）
Ed.2 New
10
6
8
1
9
5
Radiated
E-field
9
11
11
15
12
12
12
11
7
13
4
2
3
16
14
13
16
6
1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP
6 Ground point 7 Ground connection 8 remotely accessible parts of the DUT 9 Periphery
10 Battery 11 Insulation support 12 Insulation block 13 470kΩresistors 14 GRP （optional）
15 HCP ground connection 16 HCP or ESD ground connection
40
Bench test （Indirect）
41
Bench test （Indirect） Ed.2
• Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the
HCP.
• DUT located distance of 0,1 m away from the HCP edges.
• DUT shall be connected to all peripheral units
• The supply battery shall be on the test table, with the negative
terminal of the battery directly connected to the HCP.
• The ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150
pF capacitor depending on the DUT location in the vehicle.
• Apply the ESD at each specified test voltage and polarity (see
Annex C).
• The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be
increased, using at least two values,
• At least 50 discharges shall be applied by not less than 50ms
interval.
• Discharges to coupling planes, the discharge tip is in the same
plane as the HCP
42
Radiated E-field by Indirect discharge
Oscilloscope
オシロスコープ
1m
Opt E-field
sensor *
光電界センサ
O/E
O/E
変換
ESD
ESD発生器
generator
光ファイバー
Opt fiber
20ns/div
0.55ns
(1.8GHz)
*Wide band lithium niobate
antenna
1ns/div
43
Component packaging and handling test
Ed.2 New
2
6
5
2
８
1
6
12
7
4
3
1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point
7 Ground connection 8 dissipative mat
44
Component packaging and handling test
No dissipative mat, if the DUT
mounted body directly.
45
Component packaging and handling test
• DUT is unpowered condition.
• DUT locate on dissipative mat, Connect chassis-mounted
electronic modules directly to the HCP.
• The ESD generator shall be configured with 150 pF capacitor.
• To access recessed connector pins, an insulated solid wire with
a cross-section between 0,5 mm2 and 2 mm2 and a maximum
length of 25 mm shall be used.
• The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be
increased, using at least two values,
• At least 3 discharges shall be applied each polarity by not less
than 1s interval.
• Charge build-up should be eliminated.
• DUT shall pass complete function testing successfully.
46
Vehicle test - Inside
Grounding to
door hinge
47
Vehicle test - Outside
Grounding to
wheel with plate
Door
hinge
48
Vehicle test Ed2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conductive surfaces shall be tested using contact mode discharges. Air
discharge may also be applied to conductive surfaces.
For areas accessible only from the inside of the vehicle, the ESD
generator ground connection shall be connected directly to the grounded
metallic part of the body (e.g. seat railing, door latch).
For outside, the ESD generator ground connection can be connected directly to
the nearest metallic part, or directly to a metal plate placed under the wheel.
The engine of the vehicle shall be running in drive or idle mode.
Choose a generator capacitance of 330 pF for areas that can easily be
accessed only from the inside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 kΩ.
Choose a capacitance of 150 pF for points that can easily be touched only from
the outside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 kΩ.
The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at
least two values,
At least 3 discharges shall be applied each polarity by not less than 1s interval.
Charge build-up should be eliminated.
DUT shall pass complete function testing successfully.
49
Test level of Air discharge
・At least two severity levels must be tested.
The IEC 61000-4-2 is described
only air discharge
Reason 2
Rise time depend on
the distance of discharge.
High
voltage
Electrode
Reason 1
The air discharge path
depend on voltage levels.
Low
voltage
Nonconductive
encloser
Print
pattarn
PCB
Metal
frame
Discharge
path is
differed
50
Experiment of air discharge path
10kΩ
GND
51
Experiment of small gap discharge
Reference： Mr.Masamitsu Honda
Impulse physics laboratory
http://www.impulse-physics.com/index.html
52
Thank you for your attention
53