Protozoa
General characteristic of the Protozoa are :
1- Unicellular ( consist of one cell ) this cell performs all phsiological
function ( activities ) of life such as locomation , reproduction ,
respiration , ingestion , digestion and excretion .
2- They vary in size and shape some are visible while others require
high magnification ( by microscope ) .
3- The majority of protozoa are free living but some are parasitic .
4- Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in protozoa ( the majority
of protozoa reproduce by asexual reproduction ) .
Class : Mastigophora .
Order:kinetoplastida
Family: trypanosomatidae
Genus:trypanosoma
Disease:typansomiasis.
1- T.gambiense :cause African sleeping sickness in
human.
2- T .crusi :cause chagas disease (American
trypanosomiasis) in human and dog.
3- T .evansi : cause surra disease of all domestic animals.
4- T. equiperdum : cause Dourine disease in horse &
donky .
Transmission or intermediet hosts (vector):T .brucei
T .gambiense
T .rhodesiense
tse tse fly (glossina).
T .evansi
tabanus (horse fly).
T .cruzi
kissing bug (panstrongylus).
T. equiperdum transmition by coitus .
Trypanosoma are present in blood , lymph ,
lymphnodes and cerebrospinal fluid .trypanosoma
is multiply by longitudinal binary fission.
Trypanosoma can be divided in to two
groups:Salivaria groups
T .brucei
T .gambiense
T .rhodesiense
T .evansi
T .equiperdum
stercoraria groups
T.cruzi
T.lewsi
T.theileri
Morphology :1-trypanosmes is an elongated , spindle-shape cell
with a single nucleus near the middle of parasite.
2-it has kinetoplast.
3-it has undulating membrane.
4-possess a slender-single flagella at the anterior end.
5-flagellum serve as organ of attachment and
locomotion.
6-there are four stages in life cycle :A –trypomastigote:- postnuclear kinetoplast ,
flagellum start from anterior end with undulating
membrane , found in vertebrate and insects .
B –epimastigote:- kinetoplast anterior to nucleus
flagellum emerging from the body and continuing to
the anterior end with short undulating membrane.
C –promastigote:- kinetoplast at the anterior end.
Flagellum emerging from anterior end of the body .
there is no undulating membrane.
D–amastigote:- spherical or oval in shape without
undulating membrane . flagellum not extend from
outside the membrane , start from the kinetoplast .
Diagnosis:1.blood smear , trypanosomes found in blood.
2.Lymph smear .
3.Serological test .
Trypomastigote
FORM
Epimastigote
Promastigote
Amastigote
Trypanosoma cruzi. A, B, C: Trypomastigotes in blood; D, E:
epimastigote (with short anterior undulating membrane); F:
amastigote colony in heart muscle.
Bug Kissing found in Texas