THE JOY OF WIRES: AN INTRODUCTION TO NETDUINO, .NET MICRO FRAMEWORK AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS Iain Angus AGENDA Introduction • .NET MicroFramework • Internet of Things • Netduino Getting started Setup, Fritzing, Breadboards Building Blocks Digital Input / Output Analog Input / Analog Output (Pulse Width Modulation) Displaying Data HD44780, Bar Graph Communicating with Digital Sensors I2C / SPI Internet Enabled Applications ThingSpeak EVERYTHING STARTS SOMEWHERE… Why Netduino… • • • • • Visual Studio IDE Step by step debugging Reuse existing skills Low cost electronics Fast prototyping THE DEVICES CONTINUUM Device Capabilities Full Limited .NET Framework Windows Embedded Windows Embedded Compact .NET MicroFramework MCU Example: ARM7 / Cortex-M3 / SH2 Small ARM9 / Cortex-A8 ARM11 / Cortex-A9 / Atom Device Category Centrino Large THE NETMF OPEN SOURCE PROJECT Smallest .NET implementation Targets small 32 bit processors (ARM 7-9, Cortex M(x), Analog Devices Blackfin, Renesas SH2) Currently used in consumer products, industrial automation, energy management, health/eldercare, and lots of new categories. First Open Source release – Nov 2009 Apache 2.0 Community based model Motivation Avoid fragmentation Develop a clear collaborative direction Core Tech Team Microsoft Development Team netmf.codeplex.com netmf.com FEATURES NOT AVAILABLE IN .NET MICROFRAMEWORK Feature Required C# Compiler .NET Micro Framework Required Framework Features Generics 2.0 no Generics Nullables 2.0 no Generics, Nullable<> Expression trees 3.0 no Generics, Expression<> Anonymous types 3.0 no Generics, StringBuilder Dynamic lookup 4.0 no Generics, CallSite, Binder Variance in generic types 4.0 no Generics THE NETMF VERSION 4.2 From Microsoft Resources: From the community: VB.NET (a collaboration) VB.NET (a collaboration) Cryptographic Primitives and Object Model New Platform builder Remote firmware update FTP – client (desktop compatible) and server (NETMF only) IL Optimizations Bug fixes SNTP Regular Expressions StringBuilder Type PWM and Analog/Digital Conversion Bug fixes Secure Hardware (SIM Card) drivers WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS? Oxford Dictionary (noun): “A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data” Or… Computers, sensors and actuators connected through Internet protocols that measure or manipulate physical properties INTERNET OF THINGS Current Key Applications: Smart grid and energy management: utility companies can optimize delivery of energy to homes and businesses while customers can better manage energy usage. Home and building automation: Smart homes and buildings have centralized control over virtually any device or system in a home or office, from appliances to PEV’s security systems. Asset tracking: Enterprises, hospitals, factories and other large organizations can accurately track the locations of high-value equipment, patients, vehicles, and so on. Health and wellness: Doctors can remotely monitor patients’ health while people can track the progress of fitness routines. WHAT IS NETDUINO? Made Secret Labs LLC Open Source Hardware Platform .NET MicroFramework Family of products: Netduino 1, 1 plus, 2, 2 plus, mini Netduino Go NETDUINO PROJECTS Netduino projects consist of up to three types of components: •Actuators – things that do stuff (act) •Sensors – things that measure (sense) •Microchips – specialised functions Allowing you to do prototyping, robotics, automation, automotive, sequencing as well as a learning aid GETTING STARTED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT • Netduino 2 or 2 plus • Visual Studio 2010/2012 • .NET Micro Framework SDK v4.2 • Netduino SDK v4.2.2.0 (32-bit) or Netduino SDK v4.2.2.0 (64-bit) NETDUINO PLUS 2 - ON THE BOARD LED Button SD card Ethernet THE BREADBOARD A breadboard lets you wire electronic components without any soldering Its holes are connected “under the hood” as shown here FRITZING BUILDING BLOCKS GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT OUTPUT (GPIO) Digital input / output - logical 0 or 1 InputPort (Pin, Boolean, ResistorMode) • Read OutputPort (Pin, Boolean, Boolean, ResistorMode) • Write InterruptPort (Pin, Boolean, ResistorMode, InterruptMode) • OnInterrupt DEMO – PUSH THE BUTTON Components used: Netduino Push Button 220 ohm resistor x 2 LED ANALOG INPUT Ports A0-A5 Netduino Two implementations of AnalogInput class: Able to provide own reference voltage (Aref) 10 bit ADC, value between 0 and 1023 if using SecretLabs implementation SecretLabs var sensorPort = new AnalogInput(Pins.GPIO_PIN_A0); int rawValue = sensorPort.Read(); // returns count 12 bit ADC, value between 0 and 4095 if using Microsoft.SPOT implementation Microsoft.SPOT var sensorPort = new AnalogInput(AnalogChannels.ANALOG_PIN_A0); float volts = sensorPort.Read(); // returns % max voltage int rawValue = sensorPort.ReadRaw() // returns count May need to translate reading into meaningful value, requires reading device datasheet… ADXL335 ACCELEROMETER ANALOG SENSOR • Sensor has a full sensing range of +/-3g – zero G approximately 1.65V with Aref 3.3V • No on-board regulation, provided power should be between 1.8 and 3.6VDC • 330 mV/G SecretLabs implementation: 330 mV/G × (1023 ADC units) / 3300 mV = 102.3 (ADC units)/G Microsoft SPOT implementation: 330 mV/G × (4095 ADC units) / 3300 mV = 409.5 (ADC units)/G ANALOG OUTPUT (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM)) • Digital I/O Ports 5&6, 9&10 • Computers can’t output analog voltages • Only digital voltages (0 volts or 3.3V) • But you can fake it if you average a digital signal flipping between two voltages. • Used everywhere • Lamp dimmers, motor speed control, power supplies, noise making • Three characteristics of PWM signals • Pulse width range (min/max) • Pulse period (= 1/pulses per second) • Voltage levels (0-3.3V, for instance) DEMO – WORKING WITH ANALOG SIGNALS Components used: Netduino ADXL335 Accelerometer LED 220 ohm resistor ARE ALL PINS EQUAL? power and i/o input: 7.5 - 12.0 VDC or USB powered output: 5 VDC and 3.3 VDC regulated digital i/o are 3.3 V--but 5 V tolerant DISPLAYING DATA DISPLAYING DATA LED Colour Display LCD Display LED Bar Graph Seven Segment Display LED Matrix DEMO – HD44780 Components used: Netduino HD44780 Potentiometer SERIAL IN - PARALLEL OUT SHIFT REGISTERS Shift register is controlled with three pins. They are usually called DATA, LATCH and CLOCK Each time CLOCK goes high two things happen: • Current value in register shifted left by one, last bit is dropped out • 1st bit set to current value of DATA To write a byte to shift register this has to happen eight times in a loop To update output pins you must pull LATCH high, data transfer happens on transition from low to high. This is also called rising edge In the animation to the below, we can see how the fourbit binary number 1001 is shifted to the Q outputs of the register. DEMO – NEVER ENOUGH PINS… 74HC595 SHIFT REGISTER Components used: Netduino Electret microphone 74HC595 shift register LED bar 220 ohm resistor DIGITAL SENSOR DIGITAL SENSORS And many others.. Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) • 2 wire bus (SDA/SCL) touch sensor • Devices are uniquely addressable compass • Relatively slow Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) fm transmitter • 4 wire bus (SCLK/MOSI/MISO/CS) • Fast temperature & humidity sensor HMC6352 DATASHEET I2C slave address :0x42 (7 MSB with LSB 0 filled) Heading mode: 0 – 3599 binary format over two bytes (Tenths of a degree) e.g. MSB: 0x0B LSB: 0x7F 0x0B7F = 2943 decimal Degrees: 294.3 Interface Commands / Responses Command Byte ASCII (hex) Response 1 Byte (binary) Response 2 Byte (binary) Description S (53) Sleep W (57) Wakeup O (4F) S/R Now C (43) Enter user calibration mode E (45) Exit user calibration mode L (4C) Save Op Mode to EEPROM A (41) MSB Data LSB Data Get data, compensate, calculate new heading DEMO – I2C / SPI Components used: Netduino Nokia 5110 LCD DS1037 Breakout Board HMC6352 CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET Ethernet (built-in or shield), plug it in anywhere Wifi (module), configured once per location GSM/GPRS (module), configured once, easy to use Bluetooth (module), via GSM/GPRS/Wifi of phone ZigBee (module), via ZigBee gateway USB (built-in), via desktop computer IOT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES Thingspeak, an open source "Xively", Twitter for devices Twitter, allows objects to talk to humans or receive commands e.g. @twrbrdg_itself (f.k.a. @towerbridge) e.g. https://thingspeak.com/channels/9 Yaler, enables remote access to Internetconnected devices Xively (was Cosm, was Pachube), to store and reuse sensor measurements e.g. https://xively.com/feeds/116340 e.g. http://try.yaler.net/~arduino/led ioBridge http://www.iobridge.com (https://realtime.io) THINGSPEAK • Open Source API • Real-time data collection • Data processing • Data visualizations • Location-awareness • Status context • Application infrastructure • Twitter proxy • Apps • Plugins DEMO ARCHITECTURE HTTP://PUT HTTP://POST Sensor api.thingspeak.com HTTP://GET HTTP://GET Actuator ALTERATIVE ARCHITECTURE api.thingspeak.com HTTP://GET Sensor as Server HTTP://POST Actuator as Server DEMO – CONNECTING TO THE CLOUD Components used: Netduino TMP36 Hitec HS-422 Servo USEFUL RESOURCES Secret Labs LLC http://netduino.com Forums http://forums.netduino.com Community Development Site for the .NET Micro Framework http://www.netmf.com API Reference for .NET Micro Framework http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb417054.aspx Adafruit http://learn.adafruit.com Sparkfun https://www.sparkfun.com/tutorials AGENT SMARTWATCH - .NET ON YOUR WRIST Kickstarter Funded – over $1million • • • • • • • • • • • • 120MHz ARM Cortex-M4 processor with secondary AVR co-processor 1.28" Memory Display (128 x 128) with intelligent backlighting Anti-glare glass lens Bluetooth 4.0 BD/EDR + LE 3-axis accelerometer Ambient light sensor Vibration motor Qi wireless charging Water resistant (ATMs: TBD) AGENT OS 1.0 including .NET Micro Framework 4.3 THANKS FOR LISTENING… AND QUESTIONS?