An Action research Project
By Onekqua N. Henry
Education 702.22
Spring 2010
 Research
Design
 Threats to Internal Validity
 Threats to External Validity
 Proposed Data
 Proposed Data Analysis
 References
 Pre-Experimental:
 Single
One shot case study
group exposed to a treatment (X) and
post tested (O)
 Symbolic
XO
Design:
 Only
five students
 Exposed to a treatment
 No control group
 No Pretest
 Post tested
 Fits into the one-shot case study, cannot fit
into other designs where there are 2 groups
 History- Classroom distractions, Inclement weather
outside, fire & Intruder drills.
 Maturation-Excitement of listening to songs and writing
wears off, and writing productivity declines.
 Instrumentation- Students bored with writing after
listening to music & write less, tired of answering surveys
& rush answers.
 Mortality- Student moves in the middle of ARP, research
can be highly inflated.
 Selection-Maturation
Interaction-Both boys and
girls in the study. Girls more mature, one boy held back
1 ½ older than the rest of students.
 Ecological
Validity- Cannot generalize to
other environments.
 Selection
Treatment Interaction- students
not randomly chosen all picked by
researcher.
 Experimenter Effects-Passive elements


Experimenters age
Gender
 Reactive
arrangements/participants
effects- only five students from researchers
own classroom. Possible Hawthorne effect
Student
1
Student 2
Student
3
Student 4
Student
5
Session 1
110
140
150
143
161
Session 2
127
135
158
147
157
Session 3
130
144
170
155
174
Session 4
141
156
211
169
187
Session 5
157
200
213
176
191
Number of words written by individual students after exposure to music
250
200
Session 1
Session 2
150
Session 3
100
Session 4
Session 5
50
0
Student 1
Student 2
student 3
Student 4
Student 5
Post survey question 3.
I write longer
paragraphs after
exposed to music.
200
180
160
Number Of Words
Correlation between
students perceived
writing productivity
after exposure to
music and average
number of words
written.
Correlation between Student Average Number of
Words written and exposure to music
140
120
Series1
100
Linear
(Series1)
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
Lickert Scale Rating
5
*Fair positive correlation 0.69
There was a correlation between students exposure to
music and number of words written.

The bar graph comparing the number of words
written per session per student after being
exposed to music shows that when exposed to
music the number of words written generally
increases.

There is a correlation between students exposed
to music and the average number of words
written.
Conclusion:
When exposed to music the number of words
students write increases as does their own
perception of writing productivity increases.
O’Connor – Petrusso, S.,(2008)
Stat.scales.analyses.threats.design.ppt.