Protection against
unintended car movement
EN 81-1/2:1998 + A3:2009
Mr. Robert Kaspersma
Mr. Robert Kaspersma
Liftinstituut in general
• Established in 1933. Implies over 75 years
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of experience
Head-office Amsterdam/Netherlands based
with several regional offices elsewhere in
the Netherlands
Office in Istanbul/Turkey
App. 170 employees of which 125
inspectors
Close co-operation with leading universities, a.o. Delft University of Technology
Liftinstituut in general
• First European institution to be appointed
as Notified Body with regard to Lift Directive
95/16/EC
• In March 2009 Liftinstituut was appointed as
AECO (Acreditated Elevator/Escalator
Certification Organization) by ANSI!
• Active participation in meetings of Notified
Bodies
• Involved in many normalization committees
for codes and standards in Europe / North
America / ISO
EN 81-1/2:1998 + A3:2009
Valid from 1-1-2010
 Main items:
1. restriction of scope (0.15 m/s)
2. fixing systems of removable guards
3. protection against unintended
movements
4. levelling and re-levelling accuracy
 CEN declares items 3 and 4 are not related
to the new Machinery Directive.
 Therefore transition period of 24 months for
items 3 and 4 (comply fully 31-12-2011)
Restriction of scope
The MD (2006/42/EC) includes some
changes for LD (95/16/EC):
 Border between lifts and machines is more
clear:
 Clause 1.3 g EN 81-1 (1.3 h EN 81-2)
 Lifts which have a speed of less than 0.15 m/s
are excluded.
Fixing systems of removable
guards
The MD (2006/42/EC) includes some
changes which have effect on lifts:
 Clause 0.3.19 EN 81-1/2
 The fixing system of guards, used specifically to
provide protection against mechanical, electrical
or any other hazards by means of a physical
barrier, which have to be removed during regular
maintenance and inspection, remains attached to
the guard or to the equipment when the guard is
removed.
Levelling and re-levelling
accuracy
 Clause 12.12 EN 81-1 (clause 12.15 EN 81-2)
 The stopping accuracy of the car shall be ± 10
mm;
 A levelling accuracy of ± 20 mm shall be
maintained. If, during e.g. loading and unloading
phases, the value of 20 mm is exceeded, it shall
be corrected.
Protection against
unintended car movement
 Clause 9.11 EN 81-1 (clause 9.13 EN 81-2)
 Means shall stop unintended car movement away
from the landing with the landing door not in the
locked position and the car door not in the closed
position.
Protection against
unintended car movement
 Is a result of failure in any single component
of the lift machine or drive control system
upon which the safe movement of the car
depends.
 Excluded are failure of the suspension ropes
or chains and the traction sheave or drum or
sprockets of the machine. (loss of traction)
Maximum stopping distances
System description
Detector
Microprocessor
Stopping
element
Detectors
The unintended movement of the car shall
be detected by at least one switching
device at latest when the car leaves the
unlocking zone (7.7.1).
 be a safety contact in conformity with
14.1.2.2
 be connected in such a way as to satisfy
the requirements for safety circuits in
14.1.2.3 (Fault tree) or 14.1.2.6(PESSRAL).
Stopping element
The stopping element of the means shall act:
 on the car, or
 on the counterweight, or
 on the rope system (suspension or
compensating), or
 on the traction sheave (e.g. on the
sheave directly or on the same shaft in
the immediate vicinity of the sheave).
Stopping element
Maximum retardation of the car with
any load in the car, up to 100 % of
rated load:
 1 gn for unintended movements in
up direction,
 the values accepted for safety
gears in down direction.
Stopping element
1 gn for unintended movements in
up direction :
the deceleration values should be verified
or calculated taking into account an empty
car and a fully loaded car.
Stopping element
The values accepted for safety
gears in down direction:
This means that higher deceleration
values than 1 gn are allowed.
f.e. Instantaneous safety gears or
progressive safety gears at a lower
speed or loads
Stopping element
Possible elements:
 “Normal” brake
 Traction sheave brake
 Rope gripper
 Overspeed governor
 Safety gear
 Safety valve
Certification
Typical sequence
1. Car is not at the level and starts to relevel.
2. Car accelerates and passes allowed
levelling zone.
3. Power is removed from motor/brake
and UCM is activated.
4. UCM means is stopping the car.
Response time
Response time
The maximum speed is depending on:
 System setup (weights, sheaves, travel)
 Drive system (power, detection)
 Response time [detection(3), stopping
element (4)]
Questions to ask
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the levelling zone?
What is the delay of electrical system?
What speed can the drive accomplish?
What is the natural acceleration?
• CWT mass, Car mass, Nominal load
• Rule of thumb:
Empty: gn = g x ((CWTm – Carm) / (CWTm + Carm ))
Full: gn = g x ((CWTm – Carm) / (CWTm + Carm + Q))
Questions to ask
5. What is the delay of stopping element?
6. What is stopping force?
7. Is the final result within the limits
(EC)Type examination
• Type examination for A3
component
• A3 certification can be part of EC
type examination component, only
one certificate and report required.
Examples
Overspeed governor
 Delay in electrical activation (ms)
 Delay in activating stopping element
(cm)
 Reliability of acting components (tests)
Examples
Safety gear
 Delay in mechanical activation (cm)
 Minimum activation speed (0 m/s)
 Maximum activation speed
 Durability 20 tests with maximum
activating speed
 Braking force (car must stop also
upwards)
Examples
Rope gripper
 Delay in electrical activation (ms)
 Minimum activation speed (0 m/s)
 Maximum activation speed
 Durability 20 tests with maximum
activating speed
 Braking force (car must stop also
upwards)
Examples
Machine Brake
 Not used for normal stopping
 Check on correct functioning
 Contacts (movement of brake claws)
 Torque check
 Delay in electrical activation (ms)
 Braking force / Traction!
Hydraulics
EXAMPLE
• Second lowering valve on cylinder
• Independently opened
• Valves need to be checked on
correct function(self-monitoring).
Certificate information
Certificate for the complete UCM-Protection
system
• type and application of the unintended car
movement protection system;
• the limits of the key parameters (as agreed
between laboratory and manufacturer);
• the test-speed with relevant parameters for
Final Inspection use;
• the type of parts on which the stopping
elements act;
• the combination of “detecting” device and
stopping system of the means.
Certificate information
Certificate for the detector as part of the UCMProtection system
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type and application of the detector as part of the UCMProtection system;
the limits of the key parameters (as agreed between laboratory
and manufacturer);
depending on the working principle of the “detecting” device:
the maximum applicable parameters before activating the
braking system; e.g.
limit values of distances / detection time / speeds /
accelerations etc.
delay time
the combination of “detecting” device and the intended
stopping system of the means.
Certificate information
Certificate for the stopping system as part of
the UCM-Protection system
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type and application of the stopping system as part of the UCM-Protection
system;
the limits of the key parameters (as agreed between laboratory and
manufacturer);
the test-speed with relevant parameters for Final Inspection use;
depending on the working principle of the stopping system:
the maximum applicable parameters of the stopping system; e.g.
min. / max. breaking force / torque
distances from begin of activation until reaching min. / max. breaking force /
torque
stopping distances (movement of the car with engaged stopping elements) in
conjunction with wear and tear
maximum permissible speed before deceleration occurs
delay time
the type of parts on which the stopping elements act;
the combination of “detecting” device and stopping system of the means.
Performed
certifications
Performed certifications
Complete systems:
• Mitsubishi, Schindler:
– detection means and machine brake including
application range
Parts:
• Bode:
– overspeed governors
– rope gripper
• Cobianchi: safety gears
• Hollister & Whitney: rope gripper
Thank you for your
attention and visit us at
www.liftinstituut.nl!