Infection Prevention
& Control
An introduction for
new clinical
employees
Contact the CDHB IP&C Service
The aim of infection
prevention & control
is to prevent
patients, staff and
visitors from
acquiring an
infection while
receiving healthcare.
Achieving the Aim
• Always use Standard
Precautions
• Use Transmission-based
Precautions appropriately
Hand Hygiene
Hand Hygiene is the single most
important activity for preventing
the spread of infection
All health care workers are required to undertake the
self e-learning package which describes the 5
Moments for Hand Hygiene
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
PPE Quiz – True or False
• A surgical/procedural mask is required
when taking a throat swab from a
patient/client who has a respiratory
illness?
True or False?
(Click for correct answer)
Transmission-based
Precautions
(Isolation Precautions)
Standard Precautions
• For all patients all of the time
Transmission -based (Isolation)
Precautions
• When we know or suspect a
patient has a microorganism
spread by a certain route
• Contact
• Droplet
• Airborne
Contact Precautions
Used when in direct contact
with patient or their
environment
e.g. MRSA, infectious
diarrhoea, scabies
Next Slide
Contact Precautions question
Which of the
following
diseases are
NOT spread
through
contact?

MRSA

Scabies

Pulmonary TB

Clostridium difficile
Droplet Precautions
Used for diseases which
generate large droplets
which travel approx. 1 2m then fall to the floor
e.g. Influenza, Pertussis
Look how well a mask works
Click for
Next Slide
Droplet Precautions scenario
and question
• Mrs Jones has
influenza and is
being nursed in a
single room.
• What personal
protective
equipment is
required when
inside her room?
You wear a
surgical/procedural
mask
Mrs Jones wears a
surgical/procedural
mask
You wear gloves and a
gown/apron
Airborne Precautions
Used for
diseases which
are carried on
small droplet
nuclei
suspended in
the air
e.g. Pulmonary
TB, Chickenpox,
Measles.
Learn how to fit test
your N95 mask
Contact and Droplet
• This sign is used when
a patient presents with
signs and symptoms
that are spread via
Droplet and Contact.
• Use a combination of
Contact and Droplet
Precautions
E.g. Influenza with
diarrhoea, Norovirus
Multi-drug resistant
organisms (MDRO)
• ESBL-producing
enterobacteriaceae
CDHB ESBL Isolates 2003-2012
200
• MRSA
• VRE
• Vancomycin-resistant E.
faecium & E. faecalis
• Other MDRO
• Multi-drug resistant
Acinetobacter species
160
140
Number of isolates
• Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
180
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
MDRO policy
2011
2012
MDRO screening
Placement of ESBL patients
• Assessment tool for
placement of patient
with Extended
Spectrum Beta
Lactamase or ESBL
• Based on risk
factors for spread
Cleaning & Disinfection
 Cleaning requires
detergent wipes or a
detergent solution
 Disinfection requires use
of a suitable disinfectant
e.g. bleach solution or
alcohol wipe
 Cleaning must always
come before disinfection
Cleaning & Disinfection Policies
Do you
know how to
clean patient
equipment
when
discharged?
Patient call bell
DynaMap
IV pump and
stand
Stethoscope
Blood pressure
cuff
Bed frame and
mattress
ECG machine and
leads
Blood and Body Fluid
Exposures
• Report all Blood Body
Fluid Exposures
(BBFE)
• BBFE packs are in all
clinical areas
• Ensure your Hepatitis B
immunisation is up-todate
Achieving Infection
Prevention….
• Always use Standard
Precautions
–
–
–
–
Hand hygiene
Cough and sneeze etiquette
Personal protective equipment
Safe sharps practice
• Use Transmission-based
Precautions appropriately