SUBMITTED TO
Lect. Sapna Gambhir
SUBMITTED BY
Neha
MNW-888-2k11
CN
INTRODUCTION
 Advancement in computing power have
enable continued growth in virtual reality,
visualization and simulation technology
 Virtual reality is defined as human computer
interface that simulate realistic environments
while enabling participant interaction, as a 3D
digital world that accurately models actual
environment.
Need for Virtual Surgery
 In surgery, the life of the patient is of utmost
importance.
 Many patient have lost lives because of
surgical errors.
 VR provide good tool to experiment the
various complications arise during surgery
Introduction of Virtual Surgery
It refers to a virtual reality simulation
Actual patient is not required
Doctors can practice on a virtual patient before
performing the surgery
What is Virtual Surgery
 Virtual Surgery, in general is a Virtual reality
technique of simulating surgery, which helps
surgeons improve surgery plans and practice
surgery process on 3D models.
 The virtual surgery is based on the patient specific
model, so when real surgery takes place, the
surgeon is already familiar with all the specific
operations that are to be employed
HISTORY
 The first virtual surgery was performed in 17 Aug
2009 when Dr. David clarke in Halifax,Nova Scotia
removed a brain tumour 24 hours after removing a
simulated tissue.
 Project Odysseus was developed to form a 3D image
of a person’s liver to allow surgeons to train before a
surgery.
 France Telecom also develop a communication
system for the project callde argonaute
Virtual Reality Technique
 It is a virtual reality technique of simulating surgery
procedure
 It helps surgeons in improving surgery plans
 They practice surgery process on 3D models
 Virtual surgical tools or gloves are connected to
motion sensors where the users can physically feel
the difference in simulated tissue and organs.
Virtual Reality Application
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Training & education
Surgical planning
Image Guidance
Tele surgery
Training & Education
 Traditionally textbooks images or cadavers were used
 Today VR simulators are becoming the training
method
 It allows the users to view the anatomy from wide
range of angles
Surgical Planninig
 Traditionally surgeon calculates various parameter &
procedures
 This leads to lot of errors
 Virtual reality helps in reducing errors
 Plans surgery in reliable manner
IMAGE GUIDANCE
 The integration of advanced imaging technology,
image processing and 3D graphical capabilities has led
to great interest in image guidance and computeraided surgery.
 It also provide useful in Robotic Surgery, a new
technique in which surgeon remotely manipulate
robotic tool inside the patient body
Tele Surgery
 Allows surgeon to operate on people
 People are physically seperated from themselves
 Done through master-slave robot
Virtual Reality Simulation
 3D image simulation
 Touch simulation
3D Image Simulation
 Generate a 3D model
 Depending upon this simulation needed, anatomical
images can be derived from series of patient’s MRI or
video recording, which are 2D images.
 Images are segmented and constraints are imposed.
Cont…
 Then we construct a reference model.
 After that obtain final model by deforming the
reference model.
Touch Simulation
 Simulating haptic touch sensation.
 Calculation of force applied to cut & punchers the
various tissue.
 Haptic goes a long way to make virtual reality
simulators more life like
Virtual Reality Simulators
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Consist of powerful PC
Run the software
To interact with virtual environment
The addition of haptics to virtual environments has
provided computer users with the ability of
expression in multiple dimension.
Importance of VR
 Minimizes the no of medical mistakes
 Effective use minimal access surgical technique
 Better training in anatomy and surgical skill which
reduces the need for cadavers.
Disadvantages
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Short coming in realism of simulation
Costly
Need human computer interfaces
Conflicts between sensory information