Risks of Adolescent Sexual Activity
Chapter 20
STD’s
 Genital Herpes: antiviral medications can
shorten outbreaks and their frequency
 Herpes is an infection that is caused by a herpes
simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes causes cold
sores around the mouth or face. Genital herpes
affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area and
can affect the eyes, skin, or other parts of the
body. The virus can be dangerous in newborn
babies or in people with weak immune systems.
STD’s
 There are two types of HSV:
 HSV type 1 most commonly causes
cold sores. It can also cause genital
herpes.
 HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital
herpes, but it also can infect the mouth.
Herpes
STD’s
 HSV spreads direct contact. Some people have no symptoms.
Others get sores near the area where the virus has entered
the body. They turn into blisters, become itchy and painful,
and then heal.
 Most people have outbreaks several times a year. Over time,
you get them less often. Medicines to help your body fight
the virus can help lessen symptoms and decrease outbreaks
STD’S
 Hepatitis:
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The symptoms of hepatitis include:
Abdominal pain or distention
Breast development in males
Dark urine and pale or clay-colored stools
Fatigue
Fever, usually low-grade
General itching
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Weight loss
STD’s
 Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation
of the liver. It is not a condition, but is
often used to refer to a viral infection
of the liver
 Liver damage from alcohol, poisonous
mushrooms, or other poisons
Chlamydia
 Symptoms
 As many as 1 in 4 men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In
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men, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to
gonorrhea. Symptoms may include:
Burning sensation during urination
Discharge from the penis or rectum
Testicular tenderness or pain
Rectal discharge or pain
Chlamydia
 Only about 30% of women with chlamydia have symptoms.
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Symptoms that may occur in women include:
Burning sensation during urination
Painful sexual intercourse
Rectal pain or discharge
Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to
hepatitis
Vaginal discharge
Chlamydia
 Treatment with antibiotics
 The usual treatment for chlamydia is
antibiotics, including tetracyclines,
azithromycin, or erythromycin.
 A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4
weeks to determine if the infection has been
cured.
Gonorrhea
 Clap; The drip
 Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 2 - 5 days
after infection, however, in men, symptoms may
take up to a month to appear. Some people do
not have symptoms. They may be completely
unaware that they have caught the infection, and
therefore do not seek treatment. This increases
the risk of complications and the chances of
passing the infection on to another person.
Gonorrhea
 Symptoms in men include:
 Burning and pain while urinating
 Increased urinary frequency or urgency
 Discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green
in color)
 Red or swollen opening of penis (urethra)
 Tender or swollen testicles
 Sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis)
Gonorrhea
 Symptoms in women can be very mild and include:
 Vaginal discharge
 Burning and pain while urinating
 Increased urination
 Sore throat
 Painful sexual intercourse
 Severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the
fallopian tubes and stomach area)
 Fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and
stomach area)
Gonorrhea
 If the infection spreads to the bloodstream,
fever, rash, and arthritis-like symptoms..
 You can greatly lower your risk of catching
an STD by using a condom every time you
have sex.
 Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria
gonorrhoeae and must be treated with an
antibiotic
Gonorrhea
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to
infection of the uterus (womb), fallopian
tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries
to the uterus) and other reproductive
organs that causes symptoms such as lower
abdominal pain.
 It is a serious complication of some sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs), especially
chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
 Surgery may be needed if the infection is left untreated
Symptoms of PID
 most commonly have lower abdominal pain.
Other signs and symptoms include fever, unusual
vaginal discharge that may have a foul odor,
painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular
menstrual bleeding, and pain in the right upper
abdomen
Syphilis
 Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the
bacterium Treponema pallidum.
 Primary Stage
The primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the
appearance of a single sore (called a chancre), but there may
be multiple sores. The time between infection with syphilis
and the start of the first symptom can range from 10 to 90
days (average 21 days). The chancre is usually firm, round,
small, and painless. It appears at the spot where syphilis
entered the body. The chancre lasts 3 to 6 weeks.
Syphilis
Syphilis
 Secondary Stage
Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions characterize the
secondary stage. This stage typically starts with the
development of a rash on one or more areas of the body. The
rash usually does not cause itching. Rashes associated with
secondary syphilis can appear as the chancre is healing or
several weeks after the chancre has healed. The characteristic
rash of secondary syphilis may appear as rough, red, or
reddish brown spots both on the palms of the hands and the
bottoms of the feet. However, rashes with a different
appearance may occur on other parts of the body, sometimes
resembling rashes caused by other diseases.
Syphilis
 Late and Latent Stages
The latent (hidden) stage of syphilis begins when primary and
secondary symptoms disappear. Without treatment, the infected
person will continue to have syphilis even though there are no
signs or symptoms; infection remains in the body. This latent stage
can last for years. The late stages of syphilis can develop in about
15% of people who have not been treated for syphilis, and can
appear 10–20 years after infection was first acquired. In the late
stages of syphilis, the disease may subsequently damage the
internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood
vessels, liver, bones, and joints. Signs and symptoms of the late
stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle
movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia.
This damage may be serious enough to cause death.
Syphilis
A single intramuscular injection
of penicillin, an antibiotic, will
cure a person who has had
syphilis for less than a year.
Additional doses are needed to
treat someone who has had
syphilis for longer than a year
HIV
 HIV & AIDS Overview
 Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that
causes AIDS. HIV/AIDS weakens a person’s ability to fight
infections and cancer. HIV transmission can occur with
unprotected sex or with needle sharing. Symptoms of HIV
vary widely. A person may have HIV symptoms or AIDS
symptoms without knowing it until they get HIV testing.
There is no HIV cure at this time although medications can
delay the onset of AIDS.
 A combination of drugs can delay the start of serious
symptoms.
HPV
Human Papilloma Virus
 HPV/Genital Warts
 The human papillomavirus virus (HPV) is a
collection of viruses that cause warts on the
hands, feet, and genitals. Some HPVs are
sexually transmitted and also cause cervical
cancer
 An HPV vaccine may reduce your risk.
Talk
 Should you talk about STD’s with your friends?
 Yes because it may:
 Help change the nature of the STD epidemic
 Help prevent the spread of STDs
 Increase the likelihood that she will be cured.
STDs
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease can be
caused by untreated STDs
Such as:
Gonorrhea
Bacterial infections
chlamydia
MYTHS
You cannot get
pregnant the first time
you engage in sexual
intercourse.
Pregnancy
People who do not finish school
usually do not make as much
money as those students who do.
High School Students
The majority will remain
abstinent
They know how to say “NO”
Risks of getting an STD
Being sexually active
Having more than one sex
partner
Using alcohol and drugs
Pregnant Teens
 About 750,000 teenagers become pregnant
each year.
STD
 Lice is a parasite that is characterized by intense itching.
Preventing STDs
Practicing sexual
abstinence
Not using alcohol and
drugs
Having only one partner
Affection
Can be shown by:
Hugging
Kissing
talking
STDs
Genital Herpes, Syphilis,
HIV can be transmitted from
mother to her baby
STDs
 If you think you have an STD, you should:
 See your family doctor
 OR
 Go to the county health department for a test
 OR
 Visit a public health clinic for a test
Test Tomorrow on Chapter 20